README
¶
Subnet EVM
Lux is a network composed of multiple blockchains. Each blockchain is an instance of a Virtual Machine (VM), much like an object in an object-oriented language is an instance of a class. That is, the VM defines the behavior of the blockchain.
Subnet EVM is the Virtual Machine (VM) that defines the Subnet Contract Chains. Subnet EVM is a simplified version of Coreth VM (C-Chain).
This chain implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine and supports Solidity smart contracts as well as most other Ethereum client functionality.
Building
The Subnet EVM runs in a separate process from the main Luxd process and communicates with it over a local gRPC connection.
Luxd Compatibility
[v0.1.0] Luxd@v1.7.0-v1.7.4 (Protocol Version: 9)
[v0.1.1-v0.1.2] Luxd@v1.7.5-v1.7.6 (Protocol Version: 10)
[v0.2.0] Luxd@v1.7.7-v1.7.9 (Protocol Version: 11)
[v0.2.1] Luxd@v1.7.10 (Protocol Version: 12)
[v0.2.2] Luxd@v1.7.11-v1.7.12 (Protocol Version: 14)
[v0.2.3] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.16 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.2.4] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.16 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.2.5] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.16 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.2.6] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.16 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.2.7] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.16 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.2.8] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.18 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.2.9] Luxd@v1.7.13-v1.7.18 (Protocol Version: 15)
[v0.3.0] Luxd@v1.8.0-v1.8.6 (Protocol Version: 16)
[v0.4.0] Luxd@v1.9.0 (Protocol Version: 17)
[v0.4.1] Luxd@v1.9.1 (Protocol Version: 18)
[v0.4.2] Luxd@v1.9.1 (Protocol Version: 18)
[v0.4.3] Luxd@v1.9.2-v1.9.3 (Protocol Version: 19)
[v0.4.4] Luxd@v1.9.2-v1.9.3 (Protocol Version: 19)
[v0.4.5] Luxd@v1.9.4 (Protocol Version: 20)
[v0.4.6] Luxd@v1.9.4 (Protocol Version: 20)
[v0.4.7] Luxd@v1.9.5 (Protocol Version: 21)
[v0.4.8] Luxd@v1.9.6-v1.9.8 (Protocol Version: 22)
[v0.4.9] Luxd@v1.9.9 (Protocol Version: 23)
[v0.4.10] Luxd@v1.9.9 (Protocol Version: 23)
[v0.4.11] Luxd@v1.9.10-v1.9.16 (Protocol Version: 24)
[v0.4.12] Luxd@v1.9.10-v1.9.16 (Protocol Version: 24)
[v0.5.0] Luxd@v1.10.0 (Protocol Version: 25)
[v0.5.1] Luxd@v1.10.1-v1.10.4 (Protocol Version: 26)
[v0.5.2] Luxd@v1.10.1-v1.10.4 (Protocol Version: 26)
[v0.5.3] Luxd@v1.10.5-v1.10.8 (Protocol Version: 27)
[v0.5.4] Luxd@v1.10.9-v1.10.12 (Protocol Version: 28)
[v0.5.5] Luxd@v1.10.9-v1.10.12 (Protocol Version: 28)
[v0.5.6] Luxd@v1.10.9-v1.10.12 (Protocol Version: 28)
[v0.5.7] Luxd@v1.10.13-v1.10.14 (Protocol Version: 29)
[v0.5.8] Luxd@v1.10.13-v1.10.14 (Protocol Version: 29)
[v0.5.9] Luxd@v1.10.15-v1.10.17 (Protocol Version: 30)
[v0.5.10] Luxd@v1.10.15-v1.10.17 (Protocol Version: 30)
API
The Subnet EVM supports the following API namespaces:
ethpersonaltxpooldebug
Only the eth namespace is enabled by default.
Subnet EVM is a simplified version of Coreth VM (C-Chain).
Full documentation for the C-Chain's API can be found here.
Compatibility
The Subnet EVM is compatible with almost all Ethereum tooling, including Remix, Metamask, and Foundry.
Differences Between Subnet EVM and Coreth
- Added configurable fees and gas limits in genesis
- Merged Lux hardforks into the single "Subnet EVM" hardfork
- Removed Atomic Txs and Shared Memory
- Removed Multicoin Contract and State
Block Format
To support these changes, there have been a number of changes to the SubnetEVM block format compared to what exists on the C-Chain and Ethereum. Here we list the changes to the block format as compared to Ethereum.
Block Header
BaseFee: Added by EIP-1559 to represent the base fee of the block (present in Ethereum as of EIP-1559)BlockGasCost: surcharge for producing a block faster than the target rate
Create an EVM Subnet on a Local Network
Clone Subnet-evm
First install Go 1.20.10 or later. Follow the instructions here. You can verify by running go version.
Set $GOPATH environment variable properly for Go to look for Go Workspaces. Please read this for details. You can verify by running echo $GOPATH.
As a few software will be installed into $GOPATH/bin, please make sure that $GOPATH/bin is in your $PATH, otherwise, you may get error running the commands below.
Download the subnet-evm repository into your $GOPATH:
cd $GOPATH
mkdir -p src/github.com/luxdefi
cd src/github.com/luxdefi
git clone git@github.com:luxdefi/subnet-evm.git
cd subnet-evm
This will clone and checkout to master branch.
Run Local Network
To run a local network, it is recommended to use the lux-cli to set up an instance of Subnet-EVM on an local Lux Network.
There are two options when using the Lux-CLI:
- Use an official Subnet-EVM release: https://docs.lux.network/subnets/build-first-subnet
- Build and deploy a locally built (and optionally modified) version of Subnet-EVM: https://docs.lux.network/subnets/create-custom-subnet
Directories
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| Path | Synopsis |
|---|---|
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Package accounts implements high level Ethereum account management.
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Package accounts implements high level Ethereum account management. |
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abi
Package abi implements the Ethereum ABI (Application Binary Interface).
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Package abi implements the Ethereum ABI (Application Binary Interface). |
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abi/bind
Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings.
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Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings. |
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abi/bind/precompilebind
Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings.
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Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings. |
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keystore
Package keystore implements encrypted storage of secp256k1 private keys.
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Package keystore implements encrypted storage of secp256k1 private keys. |
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cmd
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abigen
(c) 2023, Lux Partners Limited.
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(c) 2023, Lux Partners Limited. |
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evm
evm executes EVM code snippets.
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evm executes EVM code snippets. |
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simulator
Module
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Package consensus implements different Ethereum consensus engines.
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Package consensus implements different Ethereum consensus engines. |
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Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.
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Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol. |
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bloombits
Package bloombits implements bloom filtering on batches of data.
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Package bloombits implements bloom filtering on batches of data. |
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rawdb
Package rawdb contains a collection of low level database accessors.
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Package rawdb contains a collection of low level database accessors. |
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state
Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie.
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Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie. |
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state/snapshot
Package snapshot implements a journalled, dynamic state dump.
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Package snapshot implements a journalled, dynamic state dump. |
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types
Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
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Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus. |
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vm
Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
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Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine. |
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vm/runtime
Package runtime provides a basic execution model for executing EVM code.
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Package runtime provides a basic execution model for executing EVM code. |
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Package eth implements the Ethereum protocol.
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Package eth implements the Ethereum protocol. |
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filters
Package filters implements an ethereum filtering system for block, transactions and log events.
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Package filters implements an ethereum filtering system for block, transactions and log events. |
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tracers
Package tracers is a manager for transaction tracing engines.
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Package tracers is a manager for transaction tracing engines. |
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tracers/internal/tracetest
(c) 2023, Lux Partners Limited.
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(c) 2023, Lux Partners Limited. |
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tracers/js/internal/tracers
Package tracers contains the actual JavaScript tracer assets.
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Package tracers contains the actual JavaScript tracer assets. |
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tracers/native
Package native is a collection of tracers written in go.
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Package native is a collection of tracers written in go. |
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Package ethclient provides a client for the Ethereum RPC API.
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Package ethclient provides a client for the Ethereum RPC API. |
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subnetevmclient
Package subnetevmclient provides an RPC client for subnet-evm-specific APIs.
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Package subnetevmclient provides an RPC client for subnet-evm-specific APIs. |
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Package ethdb defines the interfaces for an Ethereum data store.
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Package ethdb defines the interfaces for an Ethereum data store. |
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leveldb
Package leveldb implements the key-value database layer based on LevelDB.
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Package leveldb implements the key-value database layer based on LevelDB. |
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memorydb
Package memorydb implements the key-value database layer based on memory maps.
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Package memorydb implements the key-value database layer based on memory maps. |
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pebble
Package pebble implements the key-value database layer based on pebble.
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Package pebble implements the key-value database layer based on pebble. |
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Package ethereum defines interfaces for interacting with Ethereum.
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Package ethereum defines interfaces for interacting with Ethereum. |
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internal
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debug
Package debug interfaces Go runtime debugging facilities.
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Package debug interfaces Go runtime debugging facilities. |
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ethapi
Package ethapi implements the general Ethereum API functions.
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Package ethapi implements the general Ethereum API functions. |
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version
Package version implements reading of build version information.
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Package version implements reading of build version information. |
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Go port of Coda Hale's Metrics library
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Go port of Coda Hale's Metrics library |
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Package miner implements Ethereum block creation and mining.
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Package miner implements Ethereum block creation and mining. |
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contract
Defines the interface for the configuration and execution of a precompile contract
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Defines the interface for the configuration and execution of a precompile contract |
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precompileconfig
Defines the stateless interface for unmarshalling an arbitrary config of a precompile
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Defines the stateless interface for unmarshalling an arbitrary config of a precompile |
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registry
Module to facilitate the registration of precompiles and their configuration.
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Module to facilitate the registration of precompiles and their configuration. |
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Package rpc implements bi-directional JSON-RPC 2.0 on multiple transports.
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Package rpc implements bi-directional JSON-RPC 2.0 on multiple transports. |
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signer
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sync
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precompile/solidity
Implements solidity tests.
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Implements solidity tests. |
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Package trie implements Merkle Patricia Tries.
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Package trie implements Merkle Patricia Tries. |
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aggregator
Package aggregator is a generated GoMock package.
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Package aggregator is a generated GoMock package. |
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