pixel

package module
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 Go to latest Published: Apr 24, 2017 License: MIT Imports: 8 Imported by: 0

README

Pixel GoDoc Go Report Card

A hand-crafted 2D game library in Go. Take a look into the features to see what it can do.

go get github.com/faiface/pixel

See requirements for the list of libraries necessary for compilation.

Tutorial

The Wiki of this repo contains an extensive tutorial covering several topics of Pixel. Here's the content of the tutorial parts so far:

Examples

The examples directory contains a few examples demonstrating Pixel's functionality.

To run an example, navigate to it's directory, then go run the main.go file. For example:

$ cd examples/platformer
$ go run main.go

Here are some screenshots from the examples!

Lights Platformer
Lights Platformer
Smoke Xor
Smoke Xor

Features

Here's the list of the main features in Pixel. Although Pixel is still under heavy development, there should be no major breakage in the API. This is not a 100% guarantee, though.

  • Fast 2D graphics
    • Sprites
    • Primitive shapes with immediate mode style IMDraw (circles, rectangles, lines, ...)
    • Optimized drawing with Batch
  • Simple and convenient API
    • Drawing a sprite to a window is as simple as sprite.Draw(window)
    • Adding and subtracting vectors with + and - operators... how?
    • Wanna know where the center of a window is? window.Bounds().Center()
    • ...
  • Full documentation and tutorial
  • Works on Linux, macOS and Windows
  • Window creation and manipulation (resizing, fullscreen, multiple windows, ...)
  • Keyboard and mouse input without events
  • Well integrated with the Go standard library
    • Use "image" package for loading pictures
    • Use "time" package for measuring delta time and FPS
    • Use "image/color" for colors, or use Pixel's own color.Color format, which supports easy multiplication and a few more features
    • Pixel uses float64 throughout the library, compatible with "math" package
  • Geometry transformations with Matrix
    • Moving, scaling, rotating
    • Easy camera implementation
  • Off-screen drawing to Canvas or any other target (Batch, IMDraw, ...)
  • Fully garbage collected, no Close or Dispose methods
  • Full Porter-Duff composition, which enables
    • 2D lighting
    • Cutting holes into objects
    • Much more...
  • Pixel let's you draw stuff and do your job, it doesn't impose any particular style or paradigm
  • Platform and backend independent core
  • Core Target/Triangles/Picture pattern makes it easy to create new drawing targets that do arbitrarily crazy stuff (e.g. graphical effects)
  • Small codebase, ~5K lines of code, including the backend glhf package

Missing features

Pixel is in development and still missing few critical features. Here're the most critical ones.

  • Audio
  • Drawing text
  • Antialiasing (filtering is supported, though)
  • Advanced window manipulation (cursor hiding, window icon, ...)
  • Better support for Hi-DPI displays
  • Mobile (and perhaps HTML5?) backend
  • More advanced graphical effects (e.g. blur)
  • Tests and benchmarks

Implementing these features will get us to the 1.0 release. Contribute, so that it's as soon as possible!

Requirements

PixelGL backend uses OpenGL to render graphics. Because of that, OpenGL development libraries are needed for compilation. The dependencies are same as for GLFW.

  • On macOS, you need Xcode or Command Line Tools for Xcode (xcode-select --install) for required headers and libraries.
  • On Ubuntu/Debian-like Linux distributions, you need libgl1-mesa-dev and xorg-dev packages.
  • On CentOS/Fedora-like Linux distributions, you need libX11-devel libXcursor-devel libXrandr-devel libXinerama-devel mesa-libGL-devel libXi-devel packages.
  • See here for full details.

Contributing

Pixel is in, let's say, mid-stage of development. Many of the important features are here, some are missing. That's why contributions are very important and welcome! All alone, I will be able to finish the library, but it'll take a lot of time. With your help, it'll take much less. I encourage everyone to contribute, even with just an idea. Especially welcome are issues and pull requests.

However, I won't accept everything. Pixel is being developed with thought and care. Each component was designed and re-designed multiple times. Code and API quality is very important here. API is focused on simplicity and expressiveness.

When contributing, keep these goals in mind. It doesn't mean that I'll only accept perfect pull requests. It just means that I might not like your idea. Or that your pull requests could need some rewriting. That's perfectly fine, don't let it put you off. In the end, we'll just end up with a better result.

Don't start working on a pull request before submiting an issue or commenting on one. Proposals also take the form of issues.

For any kind of discussion, feel free to use our Gitter community.

License

MIT

Documentation

Overview

Package pixel implements platform and backend agnostic core of the Pixel game development library.

It specifies the core Target, Triangles, Picture pattern and implements standard elements, such as Sprite, Batch, Vec, Matrix and RGBA in addition to the basic Triangles and Picture implementations: TrianglesData and PictureData.

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var IM = Matrix(mgl64.Ident3())

IM stands for identity matrix. Does nothing, no transformation.

View Source 
var RGBAModel = color.ModelFunc(rgbaModel)

RGBAModel converts colors to RGBA format.

Functions

This section is empty.

Types

type BasicTarget 

type BasicTarget interface {
	Target

	// SetMatrix sets a Matrix that every point will be projected by.
	SetMatrix(Matrix)

	// SetColorMask sets a color that will be multiplied with the TrianglesColor property of all
	// Triangles.
	SetColorMask(color.Color)
}

BasicTarget is a Target with additional basic adjustment methods.

type Batch 

type Batch struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Batch is a Target that allows for efficient drawing of many objects with the same Picture.

To put an object into a Batch, just draw it onto it: 

object.Draw(batch)

func NewBatch 

func NewBatch(container Triangles, pic Picture) *Batch

NewBatch creates an empty Batch with the specified Picture and container.

The container is where objects get accumulated. Batch will support precisely those Triangles properties, that the supplied container supports. If you retain access to the container and change it, call Dirty to notify Batch about the change.

Note, that if the container does not support TrianglesColor, color masking will not work.

func (*Batch) Clear 

func (b *Batch) Clear()

Clear removes all objects from the Batch.

func (*Batch) Dirty 

func (b *Batch) Dirty()

Dirty notifies Batch about an external modification of it's container. If you retain access to the Batch's container and change it, call Dirty to notify Batch about the change. 

container := &pixel.TrianglesData{}
batch := pixel.NewBatch(container, nil)
container.SetLen(10) // container changed from outside of Batch
batch.Dirty()        // notify Batch about the change

func (*Batch) Draw 

func (b *Batch) Draw(t Target)

Draw draws all objects that are currently in the Batch onto another Target.

func (*Batch) MakePicture 

func (b *Batch) MakePicture(p Picture) TargetPicture

MakePicture returns a specialized copy of the provided Picture that draws onto this Batch.

func (*Batch) MakeTriangles 

func (b *Batch) MakeTriangles(t Triangles) TargetTriangles

MakeTriangles returns a specialized copy of the provided Triangles that draws onto this Batch.

func (*Batch) SetColorMask 

func (b *Batch) SetColorMask(c color.Color)

SetColorMask sets a mask color used in the following draws onto the Batch.

func (*Batch) SetMatrix 

func (b *Batch) SetMatrix(m Matrix)

SetMatrix sets a Matrix that every point will be projected by.

type ComposeMethod 

type ComposeMethod int

ComposeMethod is a Porter-Duff composition method. 

const (
	ComposeOver ComposeMethod = iota
	ComposeIn
	ComposeOut
	ComposeAtop
	ComposeRover
	ComposeRin
	ComposeRout
	ComposeRatop
	ComposeXor
	ComposePlus
	ComposeCopy
)

Here's the list of all available Porter-Duff composition methods. Use ComposeOver for the basic alpha blending.

func (ComposeMethod) Compose 

func (cm ComposeMethod) Compose(a, b RGBA) RGBA

Compose composes two colors together according to the ComposeMethod. A is the foreground, B is the background.

type ComposeTarget 

type ComposeTarget interface {
	BasicTarget

	// SetComposeMethod sets a Porter-Duff composition method to be used.
	SetComposeMethod(ComposeMethod)
}

ComposeTarget is a BasicTarget capable of Porter-Duff composition.

type Drawer 

type Drawer struct {
	Triangles Triangles
	Picture   Picture
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Drawer glues all the fundamental interfaces (Target, Triangles, Picture) into a coherent and the only intended usage pattern.

Drawer makes it possible to draw any combination of Triangles and Picture onto any Target efficiently.

To create a Drawer, just assign it's Triangles and Picture fields: 

d := pixel.Drawer{Triangles: t, Picture: p}

If Triangles is nil, nothing will be drawn. If Picture is nil, Triangles will be drawn without a Picture.

Whenever you change the Triangles, call Dirty to notify Drawer that Triangles changed. You don't need to notify Drawer about a change of the Picture.

func (*Drawer) Dirty 

func (d *Drawer) Dirty()

Dirty marks the Triangles of this Drawer as changed. If not called, changes will not be visible when drawing.

func (*Drawer) Draw 

func (d *Drawer) Draw(t Target)

Draw efficiently draws Triangles with Picture onto the provided Target.

If Triangles is nil, nothing will be drawn. If Picture is nil, Triangles will be drawn without a Picture.

type Matrix 

type Matrix [9]float64

Matrix is a 3x3 transformation matrix that can be used for all kinds of spacial transforms, such as movement, scaling and rotations.

Matrix has a handful of useful methods, each of which adds a transformation to the matrix. For example: 

pixel.IM.Moved(pixel.V(100, 200)).Rotated(0, math.Pi/2)

This code creates a Matrix that first moves everything by 100 units horizontally and 200 units vertically and then rotates everything by 90 degrees around the origin.

func (Matrix) Chained 

func (m Matrix) Chained(next Matrix) Matrix

Chained adds another Matrix to this one. All tranformations by the next Matrix will be applied after the transformations of this Matrix.

func (Matrix) Moved 

func (m Matrix) Moved(delta Vec) Matrix

Moved moves everything by the delta vector.

func (Matrix) Project 

func (m Matrix) Project(u Vec) Vec

Project applies all transformations added to the Matrix to a vector u and returns the result.

Time complexity is O(1).

func (Matrix) Rotated 

func (m Matrix) Rotated(around Vec, angle float64) Matrix

Rotated rotates everything around a given point by the given angle in radians.

func (Matrix) Scaled 

func (m Matrix) Scaled(around Vec, scale float64) Matrix

Scaled scales everything around a given point by the scale factor.

func (Matrix) ScaledXY 

func (m Matrix) ScaledXY(around Vec, scale Vec) Matrix

ScaledXY scales everything around a given point by the scale factor in each axis respectively.

func (Matrix) String 

func (m Matrix) String() string

String returns a string representation of the Matrix. 

m := pixel.IM
fmt.Println(m) // Matrix(1 0 0 | 0 1 0 | 0 0 1)

func (Matrix) Unproject 

func (m Matrix) Unproject(u Vec) Vec

Unproject does the inverse operation to Project.

Time complexity is O(1).

type Picture 

type Picture interface {
	// Bounds returns the rectangle of the Picture. All data is located witih this rectangle.
	// Querying properties outside the rectangle should return default value of that property.
	Bounds() Rect
}

Picture represents a rectangular area of raster data, such as a color. It has Bounds which specify the rectangle where data is located.

type PictureColor 

type PictureColor interface {
	Picture
	Color(at Vec) RGBA
}

PictureColor specifies Picture with Color property, so that every position inside the Picture's Bounds has a color.

Positions outside the Picture's Bounds must return full transparent (Alpha(0)).

type PictureData 

type PictureData struct {
	Pix    []color.RGBA
	Stride int
	Rect   Rect
}

PictureData specifies an in-memory rectangular area of pixels and implements Picture and PictureColor.

Pixels are small rectangles of unit size of form (x, y, x+1, y+1), where x and y are integers. PictureData contains and assigns a color to all pixels that are at least partially contained within it's Bounds (Rect).

The struct's innards are exposed for convenience, manual modification is at your own risk.

The format of the pixels is color.RGBA and not pixel.RGBA for a very serious reason: pixel.RGBA takes up 8x more memory than color.RGBA.

func MakePictureData 

func MakePictureData(rect Rect) *PictureData

MakePictureData creates a zero-initialized PictureData covering the given rectangle.

func PictureDataFromImage 

func PictureDataFromImage(img image.Image) *PictureData

PictureDataFromImage converts an image.Image into PictureData.

The resulting PictureData's Bounds will be the equivalent of the supplied image.Image's Bounds.

func PictureDataFromPicture 

func PictureDataFromPicture(pic Picture) *PictureData

PictureDataFromPicture converts an arbitrary Picture into PictureData (the conversion may be lossy, because PictureData works with unit-sized pixels).

Bounds are preserved.

func (*PictureData) Bounds 

func (pd *PictureData) Bounds() Rect

Bounds returns the bounds of this PictureData.

func (*PictureData) Color 

func (pd *PictureData) Color(at Vec) RGBA

Color returns the color located at the given position.

func (*PictureData) Image 

func (pd *PictureData) Image() *image.RGBA

Image converts PictureData into an image.RGBA.

The resulting image.RGBA's Bounds will be equivalent of the PictureData's Bounds.

func (*PictureData) Index 

func (pd *PictureData) Index(at Vec) int

Index returns the index of the pixel at the specified position inside the Pix slice.

func (*PictureData) SetColor 

func (pd *PictureData) SetColor(at Vec, col color.Color)

SetColor changes the color located at the given position.

type RGBA 

type RGBA struct {
	R, G, B, A float64
}

RGBA represents an alpha-premultiplied RGBA color with components within range [0, 1].

The difference between color.RGBA is that the value range is [0, 1] and the values are floats.

func Alpha 

func Alpha(a float64) RGBA

Alpha returns a white RGBA color with the given alpha component.

func RGB 

func RGB(r, g, b float64) RGBA

RGB returns a fully opaque RGBA color with the given RGB values.

A common way to construct a transparent color is to create one with RGB constructor, then multiply it by a color obtained from the Alpha constructor.

func ToRGBA 

func ToRGBA(c color.Color) RGBA

ToRGBA converts a color to RGBA format. Using this function is preferred to using RGBAModel, for performance (using RGBAModel introduced additional unnecessary allocations).

func (RGBA) Add 

func (c RGBA) Add(d RGBA) RGBA

Add adds color d to color c component-wise and returns the result (the components are not clamped).

func (RGBA) Mul 

func (c RGBA) Mul(d RGBA) RGBA

Mul multiplies color c by color d component-wise (the components are not clamped).

func (RGBA) RGBA 

func (c RGBA) RGBA() (r, g, b, a uint32)

RGBA returns alpha-premultiplied red, green, blue and alpha components of the RGBA color.

func (RGBA) Scaled 

func (c RGBA) Scaled(scale float64) RGBA

Scaled multiplies each component of color c by scale and returns the result (the components are not clamped).

func (RGBA) Sub 

func (c RGBA) Sub(d RGBA) RGBA

Sub subtracts color d from color c component-wise and returns the result (the components are not clamped).

type Rect 

type Rect struct {
	Min, Max Vec
}

Rect is a 2D rectangle aligned with the axes of the coordinate system. It is defined by two points, Min and Max.

The invariant should hold, that Max's components are greater or equal than Min's components respectively.

func R 

func R(minX, minY, maxX, maxY float64) Rect

R returns a new Rect with given the Min and Max coordinates.

func (Rect) Center 

func (r Rect) Center() Vec

Center returns the position of the center of the Rect.

func (Rect) Contains 

func (r Rect) Contains(u Vec) bool

Contains checks whether a vector u is contained within this Rect (including it's borders).

func (Rect) H 

func (r Rect) H() float64

H returns the height of the Rect.

func (Rect) Moved 

func (r Rect) Moved(delta Vec) Rect

Moved returns the Rect moved (both Min and Max) by the given vector delta.

func (Rect) Norm 

func (r Rect) Norm() Rect

Norm returns the Rect in normal form, such that Max is component-wise greater or equal than Min.

func (Rect) Resized 

func (r Rect) Resized(anchor, size Vec) Rect

Resized returns the Rect resized to the given size while keeping the position of the given anchor. 

r.Resized(r.Min, size)      // resizes while keeping the position of the lower-left corner
r.Resized(r.Max, size)      // same with the top-right corner
r.Resized(r.Center(), size) // resizes around the center

This function does not make sense for sizes of zero area and will panic. Use ResizedMin in the case of zero area.

func (Rect) ResizedMin 

func (r Rect) ResizedMin(size Vec) Rect

ResizedMin returns the Rect resized to the given size while keeping the position of the Rect's Min.

Sizes of zero area are safe here.

func (Rect) Size 

func (r Rect) Size() Vec

Size returns the vector of width and height of the Rect.

func (Rect) String 

func (r Rect) String() string

String returns the string representation of the Rect. 

r := pixel.R(100, 50, 200, 300)
r.String()     // returns "Rect(100, 50, 200, 300)"
fmt.Println(r) // Rect(100, 50, 200, 300)

func (Rect) W 

func (r Rect) W() float64

W returns the width of the Rect.

func (Rect) WithMax 

func (r Rect) WithMax(max Vec) Rect

WithMax returns the Rect with it's Max changed to the given position.

Note, that the Rect is not automatically normalized.

func (Rect) WithMin 

func (r Rect) WithMin(min Vec) Rect

WithMin returns the Rect with it's Min changed to the given position.

Note, that the Rect is not automatically normalized.

type Sprite 

type Sprite struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Sprite is a drawable frame of a Picture. It's anchored by the center of it's Picture's frame.

Frame specifies a rectangular portion of the Picture that will be drawn. For example, this creates a Sprite that draws the whole Picture: 

sprite := pixel.NewSprite(pic, pic.Bounds())

To achieve different anchoring, transformations and color masking, use SetMatrix and SetColorMask methods.

func NewSprite 

func NewSprite(pic Picture, frame Rect) *Sprite

NewSprite creates a Sprite from the supplied frame of a Picture.

func (*Sprite) ColorMask 

func (s *Sprite) ColorMask() RGBA

ColorMask returns the currently set color mask.

func (*Sprite) Draw 

func (s *Sprite) Draw(t Target)

Draw draws the Sprite onto the provided Target.

func (*Sprite) Frame 

func (s *Sprite) Frame() Rect

Frame returns the current Sprite's frame.

func (*Sprite) Matrix 

func (s *Sprite) Matrix() Matrix

Matrix returns the currently set Matrix.

func (*Sprite) Picture 

func (s *Sprite) Picture() Picture

Picture returns the current Sprite's Picture.

func (*Sprite) Set 

func (s *Sprite) Set(pic Picture, frame Rect)

Set sets a new frame of a Picture for this Sprite.

func (*Sprite) SetColorMask 

func (s *Sprite) SetColorMask(mask color.Color)

SetColorMask sets a color that this Sprite will be multiplied by. This overrides any previously set color mask.

Note, that this has nothing to do with BasicTarget's SetColorMask method. This only affects this Sprite and is usable with any Target.

func (*Sprite) SetMatrix 

func (s *Sprite) SetMatrix(matrix Matrix)

SetMatrix sets a Matrix that this Sprite will be transformed by. This overrides any previously set Matrix.

Note, that this has nothing to do with BasicTarget's SetMatrix method. This only affects this Sprite and is usable with any Target.

type Target 

type Target interface {
	// MakeTriangles generates a specialized copy of the provided Triangles.
	//
	// When calling Draw method on the returned TargetTriangles, the TargetTriangles will be
	// drawn onto the Target that generated them.
	//
	// Note, that not every Target has to recognize all possible types of Triangles. Some may
	// only recognize TrianglesPosition and TrianglesColor and ignore all other properties (if
	// present) when making new TargetTriangles. This varies from Target to Target.
	MakeTriangles(Triangles) TargetTriangles

	// MakePicture generates a specialized copy of the provided Picture.
	//
	// When calling Draw method on the returned TargetPicture, the TargetPicture will be drawn
	// onto the Target that generated it together with the TargetTriangles supplied to the Draw
	// method.
	MakePicture(Picture) TargetPicture
}

Target is something that can be drawn onto, such as a window, a canvas, and so on.

You can notice, that there are no "drawing" methods in a Target. That's because all drawing happens indirectly through Triangles and Picture instances generated via MakeTriangles and MakePicture method.

type TargetPicture 

type TargetPicture interface {
	Picture

	// Draw draws the supplied TargetTriangles (which must be generated by the same Target as
	// this TargetPicture) with this TargetPicture. The TargetTriangles should utilize the data
	// from this TargetPicture in some way.
	Draw(TargetTriangles)
}

TargetPicture is a Picture generated by a Target using MakePicture method. This Picture can be drawn onto that (no other) Target together with a TargetTriangles generated by the same Target.

The TargetTriangles specify where, shape and how the Picture should be drawn.

type TargetTriangles 

type TargetTriangles interface {
	Triangles

	// Draw draws Triangles onto an associated Target.
	Draw()
}

TargetTriangles are Triangles generated by a Target with MakeTriangles method. They can be drawn onto that (no other) Target.

type Triangles 

type Triangles interface {
	// Len returns the number of vertices. The number of triangles is the number of vertices
	// divided by 3.
	Len() int

	// SetLen resizes Triangles to len vertices. If Triangles B were obtained by calling Slice
	// method on Triangles A, the relationship between A and B is undefined after calling SetLen
	// on either one of them.
	SetLen(len int)

	// Slice returns a sub-Triangles of this Triangles, covering vertices in range [i, j).
	//
	// If Triangles B were obtained by calling Slice(4, 9) on Triangles A, then A and B must
	// share the same underlying data. Modifying B must change the contents of A in range
	// [4, 9). The vertex with index 0 at B is the vertex with index 4 in A, and so on.
	//
	// Returned Triangles must have the same underlying type.
	Slice(i, j int) Triangles

	// Update copies vertex properties from the supplied Triangles into this Triangles.
	//
	// Properies not supported by these Triangles should be ignored. Properties not supported by
	// the supplied Triangles should be left untouched.
	//
	// The two Triangles must have the same Len.
	Update(Triangles)

	// Copy creates an exact independent copy of this Triangles (with the same underlying type).
	Copy() Triangles
}

Triangles represents a list of vertices, where each three vertices form a triangle. (First, second and third is the first triangle, fourth, fifth and sixth is the second triangle, etc.)

type TrianglesColor 

type TrianglesColor interface {
	Triangles
	Color(i int) RGBA
}

TrianglesColor specifies Triangles with Color property.

type TrianglesData 

type TrianglesData []struct {
	Position  Vec
	Color     RGBA
	Picture   Vec
	Intensity float64
}

TrianglesData specifies a list of Triangles vertices with three common properties: TrianglesPosition, TrianglesColor and TrianglesPicture.

func MakeTrianglesData 

func MakeTrianglesData(len int) *TrianglesData

MakeTrianglesData creates TrianglesData of length len initialized with default property values.

Prefer this function to make(TrianglesData, len), because make zeros them, while this function does the correct intialization.

func (*TrianglesData) Color 

func (td *TrianglesData) Color(i int) RGBA

Color returns the color property of i-th vertex.

func (*TrianglesData) Copy 

func (td *TrianglesData) Copy() Triangles

Copy returns an exact independent copy of this TrianglesData.

func (*TrianglesData) Len 

func (td *TrianglesData) Len() int

Len returns the number of vertices in TrianglesData.

func (*TrianglesData) Picture 

func (td *TrianglesData) Picture(i int) (pic Vec, intensity float64)

Picture returns the picture property of i-th vertex.

func (*TrianglesData) Position 

func (td *TrianglesData) Position(i int) Vec

Position returns the position property of i-th vertex.

func (*TrianglesData) SetLen 

func (td *TrianglesData) SetLen(len int)

SetLen resizes TrianglesData to len, while keeping the original content.

If len is greater than TrianglesData's current length, the new data is filled with default values ((0, 0), white, (0, 0), 0).

func (*TrianglesData) Slice 

func (td *TrianglesData) Slice(i, j int) Triangles

Slice returns a sub-Triangles of this TrianglesData.

func (*TrianglesData) Update 

func (td *TrianglesData) Update(t Triangles)

Update copies vertex properties from the supplied Triangles into this TrianglesData.

TrianglesPosition, TrianglesColor and TrianglesTexture are supported.

type TrianglesPicture 

type TrianglesPicture interface {
	Triangles
	Picture(i int) (pic Vec, intensity float64)
}

TrianglesPicture specifies Triangles with Picture propery.

The first value returned from Picture method is Picture coordinates. The second one specifies the weight of the Picture. Value of 0 means, that Picture should be completely ignored, 1 means that is should be fully included and anything in between means anything in between.

type TrianglesPosition 

type TrianglesPosition interface {
	Triangles
	Position(i int) Vec
}

TrianglesPosition specifies Triangles with Position property.

type Vec 

type Vec complex128

Vec is a 2D vector type. It is unusually implemented as complex128 for convenience. Since Go does not allow operator overloading, implementing vector as a struct leads to a bunch of methods for addition, subtraction and multiplication of vectors. With complex128, much of this functionality is given through operators.

Create vectors with the V constructor: 

u := pixel.V(1, 2)
v := pixel.V(8, -3)

Add and subtract them using the standard + and - operators: 

w := u + v
fmt.Println(w)     // Vec(9, -1)
fmt.Println(u - v) // Vec(-7, 5)

Additional standard vector operations can be obtained with methods: 

  u := pixel.V(2, 3)
  v := pixel.V(8, 1)
  if u.X() < 0 {
	     fmt.Println("this won't happen")
  }
  x := u.Unit().Dot(v.Unit())

func Lerp 

func Lerp(a, b Vec, t float64) Vec

Lerp returns a linear interpolation between vectors a and b.

This function basically returns a point along the line between a and b and t chooses which one. If t is 0, then a will be returned, if t is 1, b will be returned. Anything between 0 and 1 will return the appropriate point between a and b and so on.

func V 

func V(x, y float64) Vec

V returns a new 2D vector with the given coordinates.

func X 

func X(x float64) Vec

X returns a 2D vector with coordinates (x, 0).

func Y 

func Y(y float64) Vec

Y returns a 2D vector with coordinates (0, y).

func (Vec) Angle 

func (u Vec) Angle() float64

Angle returns the angle between the vector u and the x-axis. The result is in range [-Pi, Pi].

func (Vec) Cross 

func (u Vec) Cross(v Vec) float64

Cross return the cross product of vectors u and v.

func (Vec) Dot 

func (u Vec) Dot(v Vec) float64

Dot returns the dot product of vectors u and v.

func (Vec) Len 

func (u Vec) Len() float64

Len returns the length of the vector u.

func (Vec) Map 

func (u Vec) Map(f func(float64) float64) Vec

Map applies the function f to both x and y components of the vector u and returns the modified vector. 

u := pixel.V(10.5, -1.5)
v := u.Map(math.Floor)   // v is Vec(10, -2), both components of u floored

func (Vec) Rotated 

func (u Vec) Rotated(angle float64) Vec

Rotated returns the vector u rotated by the given angle in radians.

func (Vec) Scaled 

func (u Vec) Scaled(c float64) Vec

Scaled returns the vector u multiplied by c.

func (Vec) ScaledXY 

func (u Vec) ScaledXY(v Vec) Vec

ScaledXY returns the vector u multiplied by the vector v component-wise.

func (Vec) String 

func (u Vec) String() string

String returns the string representation of the vector u. 

u := pixel.V(4.5, -1.3)
u.String()     // returns "Vec(4.5, -1.3)"
fmt.Println(u) // Vec(4.5, -1.3)

func (Vec) Unit 

func (u Vec) Unit() Vec

Unit returns a vector of length 1 facing the direction of u (has the same angle).

func (Vec) WithX 

func (u Vec) WithX(x float64) Vec

WithX return the vector u with the x coordinate changed to the given value.

func (Vec) WithY 

func (u Vec) WithY(y float64) Vec

WithY returns the vector u with the y coordinate changed to the given value.

func (Vec) X 

func (u Vec) X() float64

X returns the x coordinate of the vector u.

func (Vec) XY 

func (u Vec) XY() (x, y float64)

XY returns the components of the vector in two return values.

func (Vec) Y 

func (u Vec) Y() float64

Y returns the y coordinate of the vector u.

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
examples
guide/01_creating_a_window
guide/02_drawing_a_sprite
guide/03_moving_scaling_and_rotating_with_matrix
guide/04_pressing_keys_and_clicking_mouse
guide/05_drawing_efficiently_with_batch
guide/06_drawing_shapes_with_imdraw
lights
platformer
smoke
xor
Package imdraw implements a basic primitive geometry shape and pictured polygon drawing for Pixel with a nice immediate-mode-like API.
 Package imdraw implements a basic primitive geometry shape and pictured polygon drawing for Pixel with a nice immediate-mode-like API.
Package pixelgl implements efficient OpenGL targets and utilities for the Pixel game development library, specifically Window and Canvas.
 Package pixelgl implements efficient OpenGL targets and utilities for the Pixel game development library, specifically Window and Canvas.

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