upgrade

README

Upgrade Tests

In order to get coverage for the upgrade process from an operator’s perspective, we need an additional suite of tests that perform a complete knative upgrade. Running these tests on every commit will ensure that we don’t introduce any non-upgradeable changes, so every commit should be releasable.

This is inspired by kubernetes upgrade testing .

These tests are a pretty big hammer in that they cover more than just version changes, but it’s one of the only ways to make sure we don’t accidentally make breaking changes for now.

Flow

We’d like to validate that the upgrade doesn’t break any resources (they still propagate events) and doesn't break our installation (we can still update resources).

At a high level, we want to do this:

1. Install the latest knative release.
2. Create some resources.
3. Install knative at HEAD.
4. Run any post-install jobs that apply for the release to be.
5. Test those resources, verify that we didn’t break anything.

To achieve that, we created an upgrade framework (knative.dev/pkg/test/upgrade). This framework will enforce running upgrade tests in specific order and supports continual verification of system under test. In case of Eventing it is:

1. Install the latest release from GitHub.
2. Run the preupgrade smoke tests.
3. Start continual tests that will propagate events in the background, while upgrading and downgrading.
4. Install at HEAD (ko apply -f config/) and run the post-install jobs.
5. Run the postupgrade smoke tests.
6. Install the latest release from GitHub.
7. Run the postdowngrade smoke tests.
8. Stop and verify continual tests, checking if every event propagated well.

Tests

Smoke test

This was stolen from the e2e tests as one of the simplest cases.

preupgrade, postupgrade, postdowngrade

Run the selected smoke test.

Probe test

In order to verify that we don't have data-plane unavailability during our control-plane outages (when we're upgrading the knative/eventing installation), we run a prober test that continually sends events to a service during the entire upgrade/downgrade process. When the upgrade completes, we make sure that all of those events propagated at least once.

To achieve that a wathola tool was prepared. It consists of 4 components: sender, forwarder, receiver, and fetcher. Sender is the usual Kubernetes deployment that publishes events to the System Under Tests (SUT). By default, SUT is a default broker with two triggers for each type of events being sent. Sender will send events with given interval. When it terminates (by either SIGTERM, or SIGINT), a finished event is generated. Forwarder is a knative serving service that scales up from zero to receive the sent events and forward them to given target which is the receiver in our case. Receiver is an ordinary deployment that collects events from multiple forwarders and has an endpoint /report that can be polled to get the status of received events. To fetch the report from within the cluster fetcher comes in. It's a simple one time job, that will fetch the report from receiver and print it on stdout as JSON. That enables the test client to download fetcher logs and parse the JSON to get the final report.

Diagram below describe the setup:

                   K8s cluster                            |     Test machine
                                                          |
(deployment)        (ksvc)           (deployment)         |
+--------+       +-----------+       +----------+         |    +------------+
|        |       |           ++      |          |         |    |            |
| Sender |   +-->| Forwarder ||----->+ Receiver |         |    + TestProber |
|        |   |   |           ||      |          |<---+    |    |            |
+---+----+   |   +------------|      +----------+    |    |    +------------+
    |        |    +-----------+                      |    |
    | ```````|`````````````````````````````          |    |
    | `      |                            ` +---------+   |
    | `   +--+-----+       +---------+    ` |         |   |
    +----->        |       |         +-+  ` | Fetcher |   |
      `   | Broker | < - > | Trigger | |  ` |         |   |
      `   |        |       |         | |  ` +---------+   |
      `   +--------+       +---------+ |  `    (job)      |
      `    (default)        +----------+  `               |
      `              (SUT)                `
      `````````````````````````````````````

Probe test configuration

Probe test behavior can be influenced from outside without modifying its source code. That can be beneficial if one would like to run upgrade tests in different context. One such example might be running Eventing upgrade tests in place that have Serving and Eventing both installed. In such environment one can set environment variable EVENTING_UPGRADE_TESTS_SERVING_USE to enable usage of ksvc forwarder (which is disabled by default):

$ export EVENTING_UPGRADE_TESTS_SERVING_USE=true

Any option, apart from namespace, in knative.dev/eventing/test/upgrade/prober.Config struct can be influenced, by using EVENTING_UPGRADE_TESTS_XXXXX environmental variable prefix (using kelseyhightower/envconfig usage).

Inspecting Zipkin traces for undelivered events

When tracing is enabled in the config-tracing config map in the system namespace the prober collects traces for undelivered events. The traces are exported as json files under the artifacts dir. Traces for each event are stored in a separate file. Step event traces are stored as $ARTIFACTS/traces/missed-events/step-<step_number>.json The finished event traces are stored as $ARTIFACTS/traces/missed-events/finished.json

Traces can be viewed as follows:

• Start a Zipkin container on localhost:

  $ docker run -d -p 9411:9411 ghcr.io/openzipkin/zipkin:2
  

• Send traces to the Zipkin endpoint:

  $ curl -v -X POST localhost:9411/api/v2/spans \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -d @$ARTIFACTS/traces/missed-events/step-<step_number>.json
  

• View traces in Zipkin UI at http://localhost:9411/zipkin

Documentation

Index

• func CRDPostUpgradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation
• func ContinualTest() pkgupgrade.BackgroundOperation
• func PostDowngradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation
• func PostUpgradeTests() []pkgupgrade.Operation
• func PreUpgradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation
• func RunMainTest(m *testing.M)
• func SmokePostUpgradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation

Functions

func CRDPostUpgradeTest

func CRDPostUpgradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation

func ContinualTest

func ContinualTest() pkgupgrade.BackgroundOperation

ContinualTest will perform a continual validation of Eventing SUT.

func PostDowngradeTest

func PostDowngradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation

func PostUpgradeTests

func PostUpgradeTests() []pkgupgrade.Operation

PostUpgradeTests is an umbrella function for grouping all Eventing post-upgrade tests.

func PreUpgradeTest

func PreUpgradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation

func RunMainTest

func RunMainTest(m *testing.M)

RunMainTest expects flags to be already initialized. This function needs to be exposed, so that test cases in other repositories can call the upgrade main tests in eventing.

func SmokePostUpgradeTest

func SmokePostUpgradeTest() pkgupgrade.Operation