types

package standard library
go1.18.2 Latest Latest
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 Go to latest Published: May 10, 2022 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 19 Imported by: 14,076

Documentation

Overview

Package types declares the data types and implements the algorithms for type-checking of Go packages. Use Config.Check to invoke the type checker for a package. Alternatively, create a new type checker with NewChecker and invoke it incrementally by calling Checker.Files.

Type-checking consists of several interdependent phases:

Name resolution maps each identifier (ast.Ident) in the program to the language object (Object) it denotes. Use Info.{Defs,Uses,Implicits} for the results of name resolution.

Constant folding computes the exact constant value (constant.Value) for every expression (ast.Expr) that is a compile-time constant. Use Info.Types[expr].Value for the results of constant folding.

Type inference computes the type (Type) of every expression (ast.Expr) and checks for compliance with the language specification. Use Info.Types[expr].Type for the results of type inference.

For a tutorial, see https://golang.org/s/types-tutorial.

Index

Examples

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var Typ = []*Basic{
	Invalid: {Invalid, 0, "invalid type"},

	Bool:          {Bool, IsBoolean, "bool"},
	Int:           {Int, IsInteger, "int"},
	Int8:          {Int8, IsInteger, "int8"},
	Int16:         {Int16, IsInteger, "int16"},
	Int32:         {Int32, IsInteger, "int32"},
	Int64:         {Int64, IsInteger, "int64"},
	Uint:          {Uint, IsInteger | IsUnsigned, "uint"},
	Uint8:         {Uint8, IsInteger | IsUnsigned, "uint8"},
	Uint16:        {Uint16, IsInteger | IsUnsigned, "uint16"},
	Uint32:        {Uint32, IsInteger | IsUnsigned, "uint32"},
	Uint64:        {Uint64, IsInteger | IsUnsigned, "uint64"},
	Uintptr:       {Uintptr, IsInteger | IsUnsigned, "uintptr"},
	Float32:       {Float32, IsFloat, "float32"},
	Float64:       {Float64, IsFloat, "float64"},
	Complex64:     {Complex64, IsComplex, "complex64"},
	Complex128:    {Complex128, IsComplex, "complex128"},
	String:        {String, IsString, "string"},
	UnsafePointer: {UnsafePointer, 0, "Pointer"},

	UntypedBool:    {UntypedBool, IsBoolean | IsUntyped, "untyped bool"},
	UntypedInt:     {UntypedInt, IsInteger | IsUntyped, "untyped int"},
	UntypedRune:    {UntypedRune, IsInteger | IsUntyped, "untyped rune"},
	UntypedFloat:   {UntypedFloat, IsFloat | IsUntyped, "untyped float"},
	UntypedComplex: {UntypedComplex, IsComplex | IsUntyped, "untyped complex"},
	UntypedString:  {UntypedString, IsString | IsUntyped, "untyped string"},
	UntypedNil:     {UntypedNil, IsUntyped, "untyped nil"},
}

Typ contains the predeclared *Basic types indexed by their corresponding BasicKind.

The *Basic type for Typ[Byte] will have the name "uint8". Use Universe.Lookup("byte").Type() to obtain the specific alias basic type named "byte" (and analogous for "rune").

Functions

func AssertableTo 

func AssertableTo(V *Interface, T Type) bool

AssertableTo reports whether a value of type V can be asserted to have type T.

The behavior of AssertableTo is undefined in two cases:

  • if V is a generalized interface; i.e., an interface that may only be used as a type constraint in Go code
  • if T is an uninstantiated generic type

func AssignableTo 

func AssignableTo(V, T Type) bool

AssignableTo reports whether a value of type V is assignable to a variable of type T.

The behavior of AssignableTo is undefined if V or T is an uninstantiated generic type.

func CheckExpr added in go1.13 

func CheckExpr(fset *token.FileSet, pkg *Package, pos token.Pos, expr ast.Expr, info *Info) (err error)

CheckExpr type checks the expression expr as if it had appeared at position pos of package pkg. Type information about the expression is recorded in info. The expression may be an identifier denoting an uninstantiated generic function or type.

If pkg == nil, the Universe scope is used and the provided position pos is ignored. If pkg != nil, and pos is invalid, the package scope is used. Otherwise, pos must belong to the package.

An error is returned if pos is not within the package or if the node cannot be type-checked.

Note: Eval and CheckExpr should not be used instead of running Check to compute types and values, but in addition to Check, as these functions ignore the context in which an expression is used (e.g., an assignment). Thus, top-level untyped constants will return an untyped type rather then the respective context-specific type.

func Comparable 

func Comparable(T Type) bool

Comparable reports whether values of type T are comparable.

func ConvertibleTo 

func ConvertibleTo(V, T Type) bool

ConvertibleTo reports whether a value of type V is convertible to a value of type T.

The behavior of ConvertibleTo is undefined if V or T is an uninstantiated generic type.

func DefPredeclaredTestFuncs 

func DefPredeclaredTestFuncs()

DefPredeclaredTestFuncs defines the assert and trace built-ins. These built-ins are intended for debugging and testing of this package only.

func ExprString 

func ExprString(x ast.Expr) string

ExprString returns the (possibly shortened) string representation for x. Shortened representations are suitable for user interfaces but may not necessarily follow Go syntax.

func Id 

func Id(pkg *Package, name string) string

Id returns name if it is exported, otherwise it returns the name qualified with the package path.

func Identical 

func Identical(x, y Type) bool

Identical reports whether x and y are identical types. Receivers of Signature types are ignored.

func IdenticalIgnoreTags added in go1.8 

func IdenticalIgnoreTags(x, y Type) bool

IdenticalIgnoreTags reports whether x and y are identical types if tags are ignored. Receivers of Signature types are ignored.

func Implements 

func Implements(V Type, T *Interface) bool

Implements reports whether type V implements interface T.

The behavior of Implements is undefined if V is an uninstantiated generic type.

func IsInterface 

func IsInterface(t Type) bool

IsInterface reports whether t is an interface type.

func ObjectString 

func ObjectString(obj Object, qf Qualifier) string

ObjectString returns the string form of obj. The Qualifier controls the printing of package-level objects, and may be nil.

func SelectionString 

func SelectionString(s *Selection, qf Qualifier) string

SelectionString returns the string form of s. The Qualifier controls the printing of package-level objects, and may be nil.

Examples: 

"field (T) f int"
"method (T) f(X) Y"
"method expr (T) f(X) Y"

func TypeString 

func TypeString(typ Type, qf Qualifier) string

TypeString returns the string representation of typ. The Qualifier controls the printing of package-level objects, and may be nil.

func WriteExpr 

func WriteExpr(buf *bytes.Buffer, x ast.Expr)

WriteExpr writes the (possibly shortened) string representation for x to buf. Shortened representations are suitable for user interfaces but may not necessarily follow Go syntax.

func WriteSignature 

func WriteSignature(buf *bytes.Buffer, sig *Signature, qf Qualifier)

WriteSignature writes the representation of the signature sig to buf, without a leading "func" keyword. The Qualifier controls the printing of package-level objects, and may be nil.

func WriteType 

func WriteType(buf *bytes.Buffer, typ Type, qf Qualifier)

WriteType writes the string representation of typ to buf. The Qualifier controls the printing of package-level objects, and may be nil.

Types

type ArgumentError added in go1.18 

type ArgumentError struct {
	Index int
	Err   error
}

An ArgumentError holds an error associated with an argument index.

func (*ArgumentError) Error added in go1.18 

func (e *ArgumentError) Error() string

func (*ArgumentError) Unwrap added in go1.18 

func (e *ArgumentError) Unwrap() error

type Array 

type Array struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

An Array represents an array type.

func NewArray 

func NewArray(elem Type, len int64) *Array

NewArray returns a new array type for the given element type and length. A negative length indicates an unknown length.

func (*Array) Elem 

func (a *Array) Elem() Type

Elem returns element type of array a.

func (*Array) Len 

func (a *Array) Len() int64

Len returns the length of array a. A negative result indicates an unknown length.

func (*Array) String 

func (t *Array) String() string

func (*Array) Underlying 

func (t *Array) Underlying() Type

type Basic 

type Basic struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Basic represents a basic type.

func (*Basic) Info 

func (b *Basic) Info() BasicInfo

Info returns information about properties of basic type b.

func (*Basic) Kind 

func (b *Basic) Kind() BasicKind

Kind returns the kind of basic type b.

func (*Basic) Name 

func (b *Basic) Name() string

Name returns the name of basic type b.

func (*Basic) String 

func (t *Basic) String() string

func (*Basic) Underlying 

func (t *Basic) Underlying() Type

type BasicInfo 

type BasicInfo int

BasicInfo is a set of flags describing properties of a basic type. 

const (
	IsBoolean BasicInfo = 1 << iota
	IsInteger
	IsUnsigned
	IsFloat
	IsComplex
	IsString
	IsUntyped

	IsOrdered   = IsInteger | IsFloat | IsString
	IsNumeric   = IsInteger | IsFloat | IsComplex
	IsConstType = IsBoolean | IsNumeric | IsString
)

Properties of basic types.

type BasicKind 

type BasicKind int

BasicKind describes the kind of basic type. 

const (
	Invalid BasicKind = iota // type is invalid

	// predeclared types
	Bool
	Int
	Int8
	Int16
	Int32
	Int64
	Uint
	Uint8
	Uint16
	Uint32
	Uint64
	Uintptr
	Float32
	Float64
	Complex64
	Complex128
	String
	UnsafePointer

	// types for untyped values
	UntypedBool
	UntypedInt
	UntypedRune
	UntypedFloat
	UntypedComplex
	UntypedString
	UntypedNil

	// aliases
	Byte = Uint8
	Rune = Int32
)

type Builtin 

type Builtin struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Builtin represents a built-in function. Builtins don't have a valid type.

func (*Builtin) Exported 

func (obj *Builtin) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*Builtin) Id 

func (obj *Builtin) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*Builtin) Name 

func (obj *Builtin) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*Builtin) Parent 

func (obj *Builtin) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*Builtin) Pkg 

func (obj *Builtin) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*Builtin) Pos 

func (obj *Builtin) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*Builtin) String 

func (obj *Builtin) String() string

func (*Builtin) Type 

func (obj *Builtin) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

type Chan 

type Chan struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Chan represents a channel type.

func NewChan 

func NewChan(dir ChanDir, elem Type) *Chan

NewChan returns a new channel type for the given direction and element type.

func (*Chan) Dir 

func (c *Chan) Dir() ChanDir

Dir returns the direction of channel c.

func (*Chan) Elem 

func (c *Chan) Elem() Type

Elem returns the element type of channel c.

func (*Chan) String 

func (t *Chan) String() string

func (*Chan) Underlying 

func (t *Chan) Underlying() Type

type ChanDir 

type ChanDir int

A ChanDir value indicates a channel direction. 

const (
	SendRecv ChanDir = iota
	SendOnly
	RecvOnly
)

The direction of a channel is indicated by one of these constants.

type Checker 

type Checker struct {
	*Info
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Checker maintains the state of the type checker. It must be created with NewChecker.

func NewChecker 

func NewChecker(conf *Config, fset *token.FileSet, pkg *Package, info *Info) *Checker

NewChecker returns a new Checker instance for a given package. Package files may be added incrementally via checker.Files.

func (*Checker) Files 

func (check *Checker) Files(files []*ast.File) error

Files checks the provided files as part of the checker's package.

type Config 

type Config struct {
	// Context is the context used for resolving global identifiers. If nil, the
	// type checker will initialize this field with a newly created context.
	Context *Context

	// GoVersion describes the accepted Go language version. The string
	// must follow the format "go%d.%d" (e.g. "go1.12") or it must be
	// empty; an empty string indicates the latest language version.
	// If the format is invalid, invoking the type checker will cause a
	// panic.
	GoVersion string

	// If IgnoreFuncBodies is set, function bodies are not
	// type-checked.
	IgnoreFuncBodies bool

	// If FakeImportC is set, `import "C"` (for packages requiring Cgo)
	// declares an empty "C" package and errors are omitted for qualified
	// identifiers referring to package C (which won't find an object).
	// This feature is intended for the standard library cmd/api tool.
	//
	// Caution: Effects may be unpredictable due to follow-on errors.
	//          Do not use casually!
	FakeImportC bool

	// If Error != nil, it is called with each error found
	// during type checking; err has dynamic type Error.
	// Secondary errors (for instance, to enumerate all types
	// involved in an invalid recursive type declaration) have
	// error strings that start with a '\t' character.
	// If Error == nil, type-checking stops with the first
	// error found.
	Error func(err error)

	// An importer is used to import packages referred to from
	// import declarations.
	// If the installed importer implements ImporterFrom, the type
	// checker calls ImportFrom instead of Import.
	// The type checker reports an error if an importer is needed
	// but none was installed.
	Importer Importer

	// If Sizes != nil, it provides the sizing functions for package unsafe.
	// Otherwise SizesFor("gc", "amd64") is used instead.
	Sizes Sizes

	// If DisableUnusedImportCheck is set, packages are not checked
	// for unused imports.
	DisableUnusedImportCheck bool
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Config specifies the configuration for type checking. The zero value for Config is a ready-to-use default configuration.

func (*Config) Check 

func (conf *Config) Check(path string, fset *token.FileSet, files []*ast.File, info *Info) (*Package, error)

Check type-checks a package and returns the resulting package object and the first error if any. Additionally, if info != nil, Check populates each of the non-nil maps in the Info struct.

The package is marked as complete if no errors occurred, otherwise it is incomplete. See Config.Error for controlling behavior in the presence of errors.

The package is specified by a list of *ast.Files and corresponding file set, and the package path the package is identified with. The clean path must not be empty or dot (".").

type Const 

type Const struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Const represents a declared constant.

func NewConst 

func NewConst(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, typ Type, val constant.Value) *Const

NewConst returns a new constant with value val. The remaining arguments set the attributes found with all Objects.

func (*Const) Exported 

func (obj *Const) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*Const) Id 

func (obj *Const) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*Const) Name 

func (obj *Const) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*Const) Parent 

func (obj *Const) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*Const) Pkg 

func (obj *Const) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*Const) Pos 

func (obj *Const) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*Const) String 

func (obj *Const) String() string

func (*Const) Type 

func (obj *Const) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

func (*Const) Val 

func (obj *Const) Val() constant.Value

Val returns the constant's value.

type Context added in go1.18 

type Context struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Context is an opaque type checking context. It may be used to share identical type instances across type-checked packages or calls to Instantiate. Contexts are safe for concurrent use.

The use of a shared context does not guarantee that identical instances are deduplicated in all cases.

func NewContext added in go1.18 

func NewContext() *Context

NewContext creates a new Context.

type Error 

type Error struct {
	Fset *token.FileSet // file set for interpretation of Pos
	Pos  token.Pos      // error position
	Msg  string         // error message
	Soft bool           // if set, error is "soft"
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

An Error describes a type-checking error; it implements the error interface. A "soft" error is an error that still permits a valid interpretation of a package (such as "unused variable"); "hard" errors may lead to unpredictable behavior if ignored.

func (Error) Error 

func (err Error) Error() string

Error returns an error string formatted as follows: filename:line:column: message

type Func 

type Func struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Func represents a declared function, concrete method, or abstract (interface) method. Its Type() is always a *Signature. An abstract method may belong to many interfaces due to embedding.

func MissingMethod 

func MissingMethod(V Type, T *Interface, static bool) (method *Func, wrongType bool)

MissingMethod returns (nil, false) if V implements T, otherwise it returns a missing method required by T and whether it is missing or just has the wrong type.

For non-interface types V, or if static is set, V implements T if all methods of T are present in V. Otherwise (V is an interface and static is not set), MissingMethod only checks that methods of T which are also present in V have matching types (e.g., for a type assertion x.(T) where x is of interface type V).

func NewFunc 

func NewFunc(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, sig *Signature) *Func

NewFunc returns a new function with the given signature, representing the function's type.

func (*Func) Exported 

func (obj *Func) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*Func) FullName 

func (obj *Func) FullName() string

FullName returns the package- or receiver-type-qualified name of function or method obj.

func (*Func) Id 

func (obj *Func) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*Func) Name 

func (obj *Func) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*Func) Parent 

func (obj *Func) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*Func) Pkg 

func (obj *Func) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*Func) Pos 

func (obj *Func) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*Func) Scope 

func (obj *Func) Scope() *Scope

Scope returns the scope of the function's body block. The result is nil for imported or instantiated functions and methods (but there is also no mechanism to get to an instantiated function).

func (*Func) String 

func (obj *Func) String() string

func (*Func) Type 

func (obj *Func) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

type ImportMode added in go1.6 

type ImportMode int

ImportMode is reserved for future use.

type Importer 

type Importer interface {
	// Import returns the imported package for the given import path.
	// The semantics is like for ImporterFrom.ImportFrom except that
	// dir and mode are ignored (since they are not present).
	Import(path string) (*Package, error)
}

An Importer resolves import paths to Packages.

CAUTION: This interface does not support the import of locally vendored packages. See https://golang.org/s/go15vendor. If possible, external implementations should implement ImporterFrom.

type ImporterFrom added in go1.6 

type ImporterFrom interface {
	// Importer is present for backward-compatibility. Calling
	// Import(path) is the same as calling ImportFrom(path, "", 0);
	// i.e., locally vendored packages may not be found.
	// The types package does not call Import if an ImporterFrom
	// is present.
	Importer

	// ImportFrom returns the imported package for the given import
	// path when imported by a package file located in dir.
	// If the import failed, besides returning an error, ImportFrom
	// is encouraged to cache and return a package anyway, if one
	// was created. This will reduce package inconsistencies and
	// follow-on type checker errors due to the missing package.
	// The mode value must be 0; it is reserved for future use.
	// Two calls to ImportFrom with the same path and dir must
	// return the same package.
	ImportFrom(path, dir string, mode ImportMode) (*Package, error)
}

An ImporterFrom resolves import paths to packages; it supports vendoring per https://golang.org/s/go15vendor. Use go/importer to obtain an ImporterFrom implementation.

type Info 

type Info struct {
	// Types maps expressions to their types, and for constant
	// expressions, also their values. Invalid expressions are
	// omitted.
	//
	// For (possibly parenthesized) identifiers denoting built-in
	// functions, the recorded signatures are call-site specific:
	// if the call result is not a constant, the recorded type is
	// an argument-specific signature. Otherwise, the recorded type
	// is invalid.
	//
	// The Types map does not record the type of every identifier,
	// only those that appear where an arbitrary expression is
	// permitted. For instance, the identifier f in a selector
	// expression x.f is found only in the Selections map, the
	// identifier z in a variable declaration 'var z int' is found
	// only in the Defs map, and identifiers denoting packages in
	// qualified identifiers are collected in the Uses map.
	Types map[ast.Expr]TypeAndValue

	// Instances maps identifiers denoting generic types or functions to their
	// type arguments and instantiated type.
	//
	// For example, Instances will map the identifier for 'T' in the type
	// instantiation T[int, string] to the type arguments [int, string] and
	// resulting instantiated *Named type. Given a generic function
	// func F[A any](A), Instances will map the identifier for 'F' in the call
	// expression F(int(1)) to the inferred type arguments [int], and resulting
	// instantiated *Signature.
	//
	// Invariant: Instantiating Uses[id].Type() with Instances[id].TypeArgs
	// results in an equivalent of Instances[id].Type.
	Instances map[*ast.Ident]Instance

	// Defs maps identifiers to the objects they define (including
	// package names, dots "." of dot-imports, and blank "_" identifiers).
	// For identifiers that do not denote objects (e.g., the package name
	// in package clauses, or symbolic variables t in t := x.(type) of
	// type switch headers), the corresponding objects are nil.
	//
	// For an embedded field, Defs returns the field *Var it defines.
	//
	// Invariant: Defs[id] == nil || Defs[id].Pos() == id.Pos()
	Defs map[*ast.Ident]Object

	// Uses maps identifiers to the objects they denote.
	//
	// For an embedded field, Uses returns the *TypeName it denotes.
	//
	// Invariant: Uses[id].Pos() != id.Pos()
	Uses map[*ast.Ident]Object

	// Implicits maps nodes to their implicitly declared objects, if any.
	// The following node and object types may appear:
	//
	//     node               declared object
	//
	//     *ast.ImportSpec    *PkgName for imports without renames
	//     *ast.CaseClause    type-specific *Var for each type switch case clause (incl. default)
	//     *ast.Field         anonymous parameter *Var (incl. unnamed results)
	//
	Implicits map[ast.Node]Object

	// Selections maps selector expressions (excluding qualified identifiers)
	// to their corresponding selections.
	Selections map[*ast.SelectorExpr]*Selection

	// Scopes maps ast.Nodes to the scopes they define. Package scopes are not
	// associated with a specific node but with all files belonging to a package.
	// Thus, the package scope can be found in the type-checked Package object.
	// Scopes nest, with the Universe scope being the outermost scope, enclosing
	// the package scope, which contains (one or more) files scopes, which enclose
	// function scopes which in turn enclose statement and function literal scopes.
	// Note that even though package-level functions are declared in the package
	// scope, the function scopes are embedded in the file scope of the file
	// containing the function declaration.
	//
	// The following node types may appear in Scopes:
	//
	//     *ast.File
	//     *ast.FuncType
	//     *ast.TypeSpec
	//     *ast.BlockStmt
	//     *ast.IfStmt
	//     *ast.SwitchStmt
	//     *ast.TypeSwitchStmt
	//     *ast.CaseClause
	//     *ast.CommClause
	//     *ast.ForStmt
	//     *ast.RangeStmt
	//
	Scopes map[ast.Node]*Scope

	// InitOrder is the list of package-level initializers in the order in which
	// they must be executed. Initializers referring to variables related by an
	// initialization dependency appear in topological order, the others appear
	// in source order. Variables without an initialization expression do not
	// appear in this list.
	InitOrder []*Initializer
}

Info holds result type information for a type-checked package. Only the information for which a map is provided is collected. If the package has type errors, the collected information may be incomplete.

Example

ExampleInfo prints various facts recorded by the type checker in a types.Info struct: definitions of and references to each named object, and the type, value, and mode of every expression in the package. 

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/format"
	"go/parser"
	"go/token"
	"go/types"
	"log"
	"sort"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	// Parse a single source file.
	const input = `
package fib

type S string

var a, b, c = len(b), S(c), "hello"

func fib(x int) int {
	if x < 2 {
		return x
	}
	return fib(x-1) - fib(x-2)
}`
	fset := token.NewFileSet()
	f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, "fib.go", input, 0)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Type-check the package.
	// We create an empty map for each kind of input
	// we're interested in, and Check populates them.
	info := types.Info{
		Types: make(map[ast.Expr]types.TypeAndValue),
		Defs:  make(map[*ast.Ident]types.Object),
		Uses:  make(map[*ast.Ident]types.Object),
	}
	var conf types.Config
	pkg, err := conf.Check("fib", fset, []*ast.File{f}, &info)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Print package-level variables in initialization order.
	fmt.Printf("InitOrder: %v\n\n", info.InitOrder)

	// For each named object, print the line and
	// column of its definition and each of its uses.
	fmt.Println("Defs and Uses of each named object:")
	usesByObj := make(map[types.Object][]string)
	for id, obj := range info.Uses {
		posn := fset.Position(id.Pos())
		lineCol := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", posn.Line, posn.Column)
		usesByObj[obj] = append(usesByObj[obj], lineCol)
	}
	var items []string
	for obj, uses := range usesByObj {
		sort.Strings(uses)
		item := fmt.Sprintf("%s:\n  defined at %s\n  used at %s",
			types.ObjectString(obj, types.RelativeTo(pkg)),
			fset.Position(obj.Pos()),
			strings.Join(uses, ", "))
		items = append(items, item)
	}
	sort.Strings(items) // sort by line:col, in effect
	fmt.Println(strings.Join(items, "\n"))
	fmt.Println()

	fmt.Println("Types and Values of each expression:")
	items = nil
	for expr, tv := range info.Types {
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		posn := fset.Position(expr.Pos())
		tvstr := tv.Type.String()
		if tv.Value != nil {
			tvstr += " = " + tv.Value.String()
		}
		// line:col | expr | mode : type = value
		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%2d:%2d | %-19s | %-7s : %s",
			posn.Line, posn.Column, exprString(fset, expr),
			mode(tv), tvstr)
		items = append(items, buf.String())
	}
	sort.Strings(items)
	fmt.Println(strings.Join(items, "\n"))

}

func mode(tv types.TypeAndValue) string {
	switch {
	case tv.IsVoid():
		return "void"
	case tv.IsType():
		return "type"
	case tv.IsBuiltin():
		return "builtin"
	case tv.IsNil():
		return "nil"
	case tv.Assignable():
		if tv.Addressable() {
			return "var"
		}
		return "mapindex"
	case tv.IsValue():
		return "value"
	default:
		return "unknown"
	}
}

func exprString(fset *token.FileSet, expr ast.Expr) string {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	format.Node(&buf, fset, expr)
	return buf.String()
}

Output:

InitOrder: [c = "hello" b = S(c) a = len(b)]

Defs and Uses of each named object:
builtin len:
  defined at -
  used at 6:15
func fib(x int) int:
  defined at fib.go:8:6
  used at 12:20, 12:9
type S string:
  defined at fib.go:4:6
  used at 6:23
type int:
  defined at -
  used at 8:12, 8:17
type string:
  defined at -
  used at 4:8
var b S:
  defined at fib.go:6:8
  used at 6:19
var c string:
  defined at fib.go:6:11
  used at 6:25
var x int:
  defined at fib.go:8:10
  used at 10:10, 12:13, 12:24, 9:5

Types and Values of each expression:
 4: 8 | string              | type    : string
 6:15 | len                 | builtin : func(fib.S) int
 6:15 | len(b)              | value   : int
 6:19 | b                   | var     : fib.S
 6:23 | S                   | type    : fib.S
 6:23 | S(c)                | value   : fib.S
 6:25 | c                   | var     : string
 6:29 | "hello"             | value   : string = "hello"
 8:12 | int                 | type    : int
 8:17 | int                 | type    : int
 9: 5 | x                   | var     : int
 9: 5 | x < 2               | value   : untyped bool
 9: 9 | 2                   | value   : int = 2
10:10 | x                   | var     : int
12: 9 | fib                 | value   : func(x int) int
12: 9 | fib(x - 1)          | value   : int
12: 9 | fib(x-1) - fib(x-2) | value   : int
12:13 | x                   | var     : int
12:13 | x - 1               | value   : int
12:15 | 1                   | value   : int = 1
12:20 | fib                 | value   : func(x int) int
12:20 | fib(x - 2)          | value   : int
12:24 | x                   | var     : int
12:24 | x - 2               | value   : int
12:26 | 2                   | value   : int = 2

func (*Info) ObjectOf 

func (info *Info) ObjectOf(id *ast.Ident) Object

ObjectOf returns the object denoted by the specified id, or nil if not found.

If id is an embedded struct field, ObjectOf returns the field (*Var) it defines, not the type (*TypeName) it uses.

Precondition: the Uses and Defs maps are populated.

func (*Info) TypeOf 

func (info *Info) TypeOf(e ast.Expr) Type

TypeOf returns the type of expression e, or nil if not found. Precondition: the Types, Uses and Defs maps are populated.

type Initializer 

type Initializer struct {
	Lhs []*Var // var Lhs = Rhs
	Rhs ast.Expr
}

An Initializer describes a package-level variable, or a list of variables in case of a multi-valued initialization expression, and the corresponding initialization expression.

func (*Initializer) String 

func (init *Initializer) String() string

type Instance added in go1.18 

type Instance struct {
	TypeArgs *TypeList
	Type     Type
}

Instance reports the type arguments and instantiated type for type and function instantiations. For type instantiations, Type will be of dynamic type *Named. For function instantiations, Type will be of dynamic type *Signature.

type Interface 

type Interface struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

An Interface represents an interface type.

func NewInterface deprecated 

func NewInterface(methods []*Func, embeddeds []*Named) *Interface

NewInterface returns a new interface for the given methods and embedded types. NewInterface takes ownership of the provided methods and may modify their types by setting missing receivers.

Deprecated: Use NewInterfaceType instead which allows arbitrary embedded types.

func NewInterfaceType added in go1.11 

func NewInterfaceType(methods []*Func, embeddeds []Type) *Interface

NewInterfaceType returns a new interface for the given methods and embedded types. NewInterfaceType takes ownership of the provided methods and may modify their types by setting missing receivers.

To avoid race conditions, the interface's type set should be computed before concurrent use of the interface, by explicitly calling Complete.

func (*Interface) Complete 

func (t *Interface) Complete() *Interface

Complete computes the interface's type set. It must be called by users of NewInterfaceType and NewInterface after the interface's embedded types are fully defined and before using the interface type in any way other than to form other types. The interface must not contain duplicate methods or a panic occurs. Complete returns the receiver.

Interface types that have been completed are safe for concurrent use.

func (*Interface) Embedded deprecated 

func (t *Interface) Embedded(i int) *Named

Embedded returns the i'th embedded defined (*Named) type of interface t for 0 <= i < t.NumEmbeddeds(). The result is nil if the i'th embedded type is not a defined type.

Deprecated: Use EmbeddedType which is not restricted to defined (*Named) types.

func (*Interface) EmbeddedType added in go1.11 

func (t *Interface) EmbeddedType(i int) Type

EmbeddedType returns the i'th embedded type of interface t for 0 <= i < t.NumEmbeddeds().

func (*Interface) Empty 

func (t *Interface) Empty() bool

Empty reports whether t is the empty interface.

func (*Interface) ExplicitMethod 

func (t *Interface) ExplicitMethod(i int) *Func

ExplicitMethod returns the i'th explicitly declared method of interface t for 0 <= i < t.NumExplicitMethods(). The methods are ordered by their unique Id.

func (*Interface) IsComparable added in go1.18 

func (t *Interface) IsComparable() bool

IsComparable reports whether each type in interface t's type set is comparable.

func (*Interface) IsImplicit added in go1.18 

func (t *Interface) IsImplicit() bool

IsImplicit reports whether the interface t is a wrapper for a type set literal.

func (*Interface) IsMethodSet added in go1.18 

func (t *Interface) IsMethodSet() bool

IsMethodSet reports whether the interface t is fully described by its method set.

func (*Interface) MarkImplicit added in go1.18 

func (t *Interface) MarkImplicit()

MarkImplicit marks the interface t as implicit, meaning this interface corresponds to a constraint literal such as ~T or A|B without explicit interface embedding. MarkImplicit should be called before any concurrent use of implicit interfaces.

func (*Interface) Method 

func (t *Interface) Method(i int) *Func

Method returns the i'th method of interface t for 0 <= i < t.NumMethods(). The methods are ordered by their unique Id.

func (*Interface) NumEmbeddeds 

func (t *Interface) NumEmbeddeds() int

NumEmbeddeds returns the number of embedded types in interface t.

func (*Interface) NumExplicitMethods 

func (t *Interface) NumExplicitMethods() int

NumExplicitMethods returns the number of explicitly declared methods of interface t.

func (*Interface) NumMethods 

func (t *Interface) NumMethods() int

NumMethods returns the total number of methods of interface t.

func (*Interface) String 

func (t *Interface) String() string

func (*Interface) Underlying 

func (t *Interface) Underlying() Type

type Label 

type Label struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Label represents a declared label. Labels don't have a type.

func NewLabel 

func NewLabel(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string) *Label

NewLabel returns a new label.

func (*Label) Exported 

func (obj *Label) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*Label) Id 

func (obj *Label) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*Label) Name 

func (obj *Label) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*Label) Parent 

func (obj *Label) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*Label) Pkg 

func (obj *Label) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*Label) Pos 

func (obj *Label) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*Label) String 

func (obj *Label) String() string

func (*Label) Type 

func (obj *Label) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

type Map 

type Map struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Map represents a map type.

func NewMap 

func NewMap(key, elem Type) *Map

NewMap returns a new map for the given key and element types.

func (*Map) Elem 

func (m *Map) Elem() Type

Elem returns the element type of map m.

func (*Map) Key 

func (m *Map) Key() Type

Key returns the key type of map m.

func (*Map) String 

func (t *Map) String() string

func (*Map) Underlying 

func (t *Map) Underlying() Type

type MethodSet 

type MethodSet struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A MethodSet is an ordered set of concrete or abstract (interface) methods; a method is a MethodVal selection, and they are ordered by ascending m.Obj().Id(). The zero value for a MethodSet is a ready-to-use empty method set.

Example

ExampleMethodSet prints the method sets of various types. 

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/importer"
	"go/parser"
	"go/token"
	"go/types"
	"log"
)

func main() {
	// Parse a single source file.
	const input = `
package temperature
import "fmt"
type Celsius float64
func (c Celsius) String() string  { return fmt.Sprintf("%g°C", c) }
func (c *Celsius) SetF(f float64) { *c = Celsius(f - 32 / 9 * 5) }

type S struct { I; m int }
type I interface { m() byte }
`
	fset := token.NewFileSet()
	f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, "celsius.go", input, 0)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Type-check a package consisting of this file.
	// Type information for the imported packages
	// comes from $GOROOT/pkg/$GOOS_$GOOARCH/fmt.a.
	conf := types.Config{Importer: importer.Default()}
	pkg, err := conf.Check("temperature", fset, []*ast.File{f}, nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Print the method sets of Celsius and *Celsius.
	celsius := pkg.Scope().Lookup("Celsius").Type()
	for _, t := range []types.Type{celsius, types.NewPointer(celsius)} {
		fmt.Printf("Method set of %s:\n", t)
		mset := types.NewMethodSet(t)
		for i := 0; i < mset.Len(); i++ {
			fmt.Println(mset.At(i))
		}
		fmt.Println()
	}

	// Print the method set of S.
	styp := pkg.Scope().Lookup("S").Type()
	fmt.Printf("Method set of %s:\n", styp)
	fmt.Println(types.NewMethodSet(styp))

}

Output:

Method set of temperature.Celsius:
method (temperature.Celsius) String() string

Method set of *temperature.Celsius:
method (*temperature.Celsius) SetF(f float64)
method (*temperature.Celsius) String() string

Method set of temperature.S:
MethodSet {}

func NewMethodSet 

func NewMethodSet(T Type) *MethodSet

NewMethodSet returns the method set for the given type T. It always returns a non-nil method set, even if it is empty.

func (*MethodSet) At 

func (s *MethodSet) At(i int) *Selection

At returns the i'th method in s for 0 <= i < s.Len().

func (*MethodSet) Len 

func (s *MethodSet) Len() int

Len returns the number of methods in s.

func (*MethodSet) Lookup 

func (s *MethodSet) Lookup(pkg *Package, name string) *Selection

Lookup returns the method with matching package and name, or nil if not found.

func (*MethodSet) String 

func (s *MethodSet) String() string

type Named 

type Named struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Named represents a named (defined) type.

func NewNamed 

func NewNamed(obj *TypeName, underlying Type, methods []*Func) *Named

NewNamed returns a new named type for the given type name, underlying type, and associated methods. If the given type name obj doesn't have a type yet, its type is set to the returned named type. The underlying type must not be a *Named.

func (*Named) AddMethod 

func (t *Named) AddMethod(m *Func)

AddMethod adds method m unless it is already in the method list. t must not have type arguments.

func (*Named) Method 

func (t *Named) Method(i int) *Func

Method returns the i'th method of named type t for 0 <= i < t.NumMethods().

func (*Named) NumMethods 

func (t *Named) NumMethods() int

NumMethods returns the number of explicit methods defined for t.

For an ordinary or instantiated type t, the receiver base type of these methods will be the named type t. For an uninstantiated generic type t, each method receiver will be instantiated with its receiver type parameters.

func (*Named) Obj 

func (t *Named) Obj() *TypeName

Obj returns the type name for the declaration defining the named type t. For instantiated types, this is same as the type name of the origin type.

func (*Named) Origin added in go1.18 

func (t *Named) Origin() *Named

Origin returns the generic type from which the named type t is instantiated. If t is not an instantiated type, the result is t.

func (*Named) SetTypeParams added in go1.18 

func (t *Named) SetTypeParams(tparams []*TypeParam)

SetTypeParams sets the type parameters of the named type t. t must not have type arguments.

func (*Named) SetUnderlying 

func (t *Named) SetUnderlying(underlying Type)

SetUnderlying sets the underlying type and marks t as complete. t must not have type arguments.

func (*Named) String 

func (t *Named) String() string

func (*Named) TypeArgs added in go1.18 

func (t *Named) TypeArgs() *TypeList

TypeArgs returns the type arguments used to instantiate the named type t.

func (*Named) TypeParams added in go1.18 

func (t *Named) TypeParams() *TypeParamList

TypeParams returns the type parameters of the named type t, or nil. The result is non-nil for an (originally) generic type even if it is instantiated.

func (*Named) Underlying 

func (t *Named) Underlying() Type

type Nil 

type Nil struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Nil represents the predeclared value nil.

func (*Nil) Exported 

func (obj *Nil) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*Nil) Id 

func (obj *Nil) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*Nil) Name 

func (obj *Nil) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*Nil) Parent 

func (obj *Nil) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*Nil) Pkg 

func (obj *Nil) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*Nil) Pos 

func (obj *Nil) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*Nil) String 

func (obj *Nil) String() string

func (*Nil) Type 

func (obj *Nil) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

type Object 

type Object interface {
	Parent() *Scope // scope in which this object is declared; nil for methods and struct fields
	Pos() token.Pos // position of object identifier in declaration
	Pkg() *Package  // package to which this object belongs; nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope
	Name() string   // package local object name
	Type() Type     // object type
	Exported() bool // reports whether the name starts with a capital letter
	Id() string     // object name if exported, qualified name if not exported (see func Id)

	// String returns a human-readable string of the object.
	String() string
	// contains filtered or unexported methods
}

An Object describes a named language entity such as a package, constant, type, variable, function (incl. methods), or label. All objects implement the Object interface.

func LookupFieldOrMethod 

func LookupFieldOrMethod(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool)

LookupFieldOrMethod looks up a field or method with given package and name in T and returns the corresponding *Var or *Func, an index sequence, and a bool indicating if there were any pointer indirections on the path to the field or method. If addressable is set, T is the type of an addressable variable (only matters for method lookups). T must not be nil.

The last index entry is the field or method index in the (possibly embedded) type where the entry was found, either:

  1. the list of declared methods of a named type; or
  2. the list of all methods (method set) of an interface type; or
  3. the list of fields of a struct type.

The earlier index entries are the indices of the embedded struct fields traversed to get to the found entry, starting at depth 0.

If no entry is found, a nil object is returned. In this case, the returned index and indirect values have the following meaning:

  • If index != nil, the index sequence points to an ambiguous entry (the same name appeared more than once at the same embedding level).

  • If indirect is set, a method with a pointer receiver type was found but there was no pointer on the path from the actual receiver type to the method's formal receiver base type, nor was the receiver addressable.

type Package 

type Package struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Package describes a Go package. 

var Unsafe *Package

The Unsafe package is the package returned by an importer for the import path "unsafe".

func NewPackage 

func NewPackage(path, name string) *Package

NewPackage returns a new Package for the given package path and name. The package is not complete and contains no explicit imports.

func (*Package) Complete 

func (pkg *Package) Complete() bool

A package is complete if its scope contains (at least) all exported objects; otherwise it is incomplete.

func (*Package) Imports 

func (pkg *Package) Imports() []*Package

Imports returns the list of packages directly imported by pkg; the list is in source order.

If pkg was loaded from export data, Imports includes packages that provide package-level objects referenced by pkg. This may be more or less than the set of packages directly imported by pkg's source code.

func (*Package) MarkComplete 

func (pkg *Package) MarkComplete()

MarkComplete marks a package as complete.

func (*Package) Name 

func (pkg *Package) Name() string

Name returns the package name.

func (*Package) Path 

func (pkg *Package) Path() string

Path returns the package path.

func (*Package) Scope 

func (pkg *Package) Scope() *Scope

Scope returns the (complete or incomplete) package scope holding the objects declared at package level (TypeNames, Consts, Vars, and Funcs).

func (*Package) SetImports 

func (pkg *Package) SetImports(list []*Package)

SetImports sets the list of explicitly imported packages to list. It is the caller's responsibility to make sure list elements are unique.

func (*Package) SetName added in go1.6 

func (pkg *Package) SetName(name string)

SetName sets the package name.

func (*Package) String 

func (pkg *Package) String() string

type PkgName 

type PkgName struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A PkgName represents an imported Go package. PkgNames don't have a type.

func NewPkgName 

func NewPkgName(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, imported *Package) *PkgName

NewPkgName returns a new PkgName object representing an imported package. The remaining arguments set the attributes found with all Objects.

func (*PkgName) Exported 

func (obj *PkgName) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*PkgName) Id 

func (obj *PkgName) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*PkgName) Imported 

func (obj *PkgName) Imported() *Package

Imported returns the package that was imported. It is distinct from Pkg(), which is the package containing the import statement.

func (*PkgName) Name 

func (obj *PkgName) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*PkgName) Parent 

func (obj *PkgName) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*PkgName) Pkg 

func (obj *PkgName) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*PkgName) Pos 

func (obj *PkgName) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*PkgName) String 

func (obj *PkgName) String() string

func (*PkgName) Type 

func (obj *PkgName) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

type Pointer 

type Pointer struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Pointer represents a pointer type.

func NewPointer 

func NewPointer(elem Type) *Pointer

NewPointer returns a new pointer type for the given element (base) type.

func (*Pointer) Elem 

func (p *Pointer) Elem() Type

Elem returns the element type for the given pointer p.

func (*Pointer) String 

func (t *Pointer) String() string

func (*Pointer) Underlying 

func (t *Pointer) Underlying() Type

type Qualifier 

type Qualifier func(*Package) string

A Qualifier controls how named package-level objects are printed in calls to TypeString, ObjectString, and SelectionString.

These three formatting routines call the Qualifier for each package-level object O, and if the Qualifier returns a non-empty string p, the object is printed in the form p.O. If it returns an empty string, only the object name O is printed.

Using a nil Qualifier is equivalent to using (*Package).Path: the object is qualified by the import path, e.g., "encoding/json.Marshal".

func RelativeTo 

func RelativeTo(pkg *Package) Qualifier

RelativeTo returns a Qualifier that fully qualifies members of all packages other than pkg.

type Scope 

type Scope struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Scope maintains a set of objects and links to its containing (parent) and contained (children) scopes. Objects may be inserted and looked up by name. The zero value for Scope is a ready-to-use empty scope.

Example

ExampleScope prints the tree of Scopes of a package created from a set of parsed files. 

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/importer"
	"go/parser"
	"go/token"
	"go/types"
	"log"
	"regexp"
)

func main() {
	// Parse the source files for a package.
	fset := token.NewFileSet()
	var files []*ast.File
	for _, file := range []struct{ name, input string }{
		{"main.go", `
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
	freezing := FToC(-18)
	fmt.Println(freezing, Boiling) }
`},
		{"celsius.go", `
package main
import "fmt"
type Celsius float64
func (c Celsius) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%g°C", c) }
func FToC(f float64) Celsius { return Celsius(f - 32 / 9 * 5) }
const Boiling Celsius = 100
func Unused() { {}; {{ var x int; _ = x }} } // make sure empty block scopes get printed
`},
	} {
		f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, file.name, file.input, 0)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		files = append(files, f)
	}

	// Type-check a package consisting of these files.
	// Type information for the imported "fmt" package
	// comes from $GOROOT/pkg/$GOOS_$GOOARCH/fmt.a.
	conf := types.Config{Importer: importer.Default()}
	pkg, err := conf.Check("temperature", fset, files, nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Print the tree of scopes.
	// For determinism, we redact addresses.
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	pkg.Scope().WriteTo(&buf, 0, true)
	rx := regexp.MustCompile(` 0x[a-fA-F0-9]*`)
	fmt.Println(rx.ReplaceAllString(buf.String(), ""))

}

Output:

package "temperature" scope {
.  const temperature.Boiling temperature.Celsius
.  type temperature.Celsius float64
.  func temperature.FToC(f float64) temperature.Celsius
.  func temperature.Unused()
.  func temperature.main()
.  main.go scope {
.  .  package fmt
.  .  function scope {
.  .  .  var freezing temperature.Celsius
.  .  }
.  }
.  celsius.go scope {
.  .  package fmt
.  .  function scope {
.  .  .  var c temperature.Celsius
.  .  }
.  .  function scope {
.  .  .  var f float64
.  .  }
.  .  function scope {
.  .  .  block scope {
.  .  .  }
.  .  .  block scope {
.  .  .  .  block scope {
.  .  .  .  .  var x int
.  .  .  .  }
.  .  .  }
.  .  }
.  }
}

var Universe *Scope

The Universe scope contains all predeclared objects of Go. It is the outermost scope of any chain of nested scopes.

func NewScope 

func NewScope(parent *Scope, pos, end token.Pos, comment string) *Scope

NewScope returns a new, empty scope contained in the given parent scope, if any. The comment is for debugging only.

func (*Scope) Child 

func (s *Scope) Child(i int) *Scope

Child returns the i'th child scope for 0 <= i < NumChildren().

func (*Scope) Contains 

func (s *Scope) Contains(pos token.Pos) bool

Contains reports whether pos is within the scope's extent. The result is guaranteed to be valid only if the type-checked AST has complete position information.

func (*Scope) End 

func (s *Scope) End() token.Pos

func (*Scope) Innermost 

func (s *Scope) Innermost(pos token.Pos) *Scope

Innermost returns the innermost (child) scope containing pos. If pos is not within any scope, the result is nil. The result is also nil for the Universe scope. The result is guaranteed to be valid only if the type-checked AST has complete position information.

func (*Scope) Insert 

func (s *Scope) Insert(obj Object) Object

Insert attempts to insert an object obj into scope s. If s already contains an alternative object alt with the same name, Insert leaves s unchanged and returns alt. Otherwise it inserts obj, sets the object's parent scope if not already set, and returns nil.

func (*Scope) Len 

func (s *Scope) Len() int

Len returns the number of scope elements.

func (*Scope) Lookup 

func (s *Scope) Lookup(name string) Object

Lookup returns the object in scope s with the given name if such an object exists; otherwise the result is nil.

func (*Scope) LookupParent 

func (s *Scope) LookupParent(name string, pos token.Pos) (*Scope, Object)

LookupParent follows the parent chain of scopes starting with s until it finds a scope where Lookup(name) returns a non-nil object, and then returns that scope and object. If a valid position pos is provided, only objects that were declared at or before pos are considered. If no such scope and object exists, the result is (nil, nil).

Note that obj.Parent() may be different from the returned scope if the object was inserted into the scope and already had a parent at that time (see Insert). This can only happen for dot-imported objects whose scope is the scope of the package that exported them.

func (*Scope) Names 

func (s *Scope) Names() []string

Names returns the scope's element names in sorted order.

func (*Scope) NumChildren 

func (s *Scope) NumChildren() int

NumChildren returns the number of scopes nested in s.

func (*Scope) Parent 

func (s *Scope) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope's containing (parent) scope.

func (*Scope) Pos 

func (s *Scope) Pos() token.Pos

Pos and End describe the scope's source code extent [pos, end). The results are guaranteed to be valid only if the type-checked AST has complete position information. The extent is undefined for Universe and package scopes.

func (*Scope) String 

func (s *Scope) String() string

String returns a string representation of the scope, for debugging.

func (*Scope) WriteTo 

func (s *Scope) WriteTo(w io.Writer, n int, recurse bool)

WriteTo writes a string representation of the scope to w, with the scope elements sorted by name. The level of indentation is controlled by n >= 0, with n == 0 for no indentation. If recurse is set, it also writes nested (children) scopes.

type Selection 

type Selection struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Selection describes a selector expression x.f. For the declarations: 

type T struct{ x int; E }
type E struct{}
func (e E) m() {}
var p *T

the following relations exist: 

Selector    Kind          Recv    Obj    Type       Index     Indirect

p.x         FieldVal      T       x      int        {0}       true
p.m         MethodVal     *T      m      func()     {1, 0}    true
T.m         MethodExpr    T       m      func(T)    {1, 0}    false

func (*Selection) Index 

func (s *Selection) Index() []int

Index describes the path from x to f in x.f. The last index entry is the field or method index of the type declaring f; either:

  1. the list of declared methods of a named type; or
  2. the list of methods of an interface type; or
  3. the list of fields of a struct type.

The earlier index entries are the indices of the embedded fields implicitly traversed to get from (the type of) x to f, starting at embedding depth 0.

func (*Selection) Indirect 

func (s *Selection) Indirect() bool

Indirect reports whether any pointer indirection was required to get from x to f in x.f.

func (*Selection) Kind 

func (s *Selection) Kind() SelectionKind

Kind returns the selection kind.

func (*Selection) Obj 

func (s *Selection) Obj() Object

Obj returns the object denoted by x.f; a *Var for a field selection, and a *Func in all other cases.

func (*Selection) Recv 

func (s *Selection) Recv() Type

Recv returns the type of x in x.f.

func (*Selection) String 

func (s *Selection) String() string

func (*Selection) Type 

func (s *Selection) Type() Type

Type returns the type of x.f, which may be different from the type of f. See Selection for more information.

type SelectionKind 

type SelectionKind int

SelectionKind describes the kind of a selector expression x.f (excluding qualified identifiers). 

const (
	FieldVal   SelectionKind = iota // x.f is a struct field selector
	MethodVal                       // x.f is a method selector
	MethodExpr                      // x.f is a method expression
)

type Signature 

type Signature struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Signature represents a (non-builtin) function or method type. The receiver is ignored when comparing signatures for identity.

func NewSignature deprecated 

func NewSignature(recv *Var, params, results *Tuple, variadic bool) *Signature

NewSignature returns a new function type for the given receiver, parameters, and results, either of which may be nil. If variadic is set, the function is variadic, it must have at least one parameter, and the last parameter must be of unnamed slice type.

Deprecated: Use NewSignatureType instead which allows for type parameters.

func NewSignatureType added in go1.18 

func NewSignatureType(recv *Var, recvTypeParams, typeParams []*TypeParam, params, results *Tuple, variadic bool) *Signature

NewSignatureType creates a new function type for the given receiver, receiver type parameters, type parameters, parameters, and results. If variadic is set, params must hold at least one parameter and the last parameter must be of unnamed slice type. If recv is non-nil, typeParams must be empty. If recvTypeParams is non-empty, recv must be non-nil.

func (*Signature) Params 

func (s *Signature) Params() *Tuple

Params returns the parameters of signature s, or nil.

func (*Signature) Recv 

func (s *Signature) Recv() *Var

Recv returns the receiver of signature s (if a method), or nil if a function. It is ignored when comparing signatures for identity.

For an abstract method, Recv returns the enclosing interface either as a *Named or an *Interface. Due to embedding, an interface may contain methods whose receiver type is a different interface.

func (*Signature) RecvTypeParams added in go1.18 

func (s *Signature) RecvTypeParams() *TypeParamList

RecvTypeParams returns the receiver type parameters of signature s, or nil.

func (*Signature) Results 

func (s *Signature) Results() *Tuple

Results returns the results of signature s, or nil.

func (*Signature) String 

func (t *Signature) String() string

func (*Signature) TypeParams added in go1.18 

func (s *Signature) TypeParams() *TypeParamList

TypeParams returns the type parameters of signature s, or nil.

func (*Signature) Underlying 

func (t *Signature) Underlying() Type

func (*Signature) Variadic 

func (s *Signature) Variadic() bool

Variadic reports whether the signature s is variadic.

type Sizes 

type Sizes interface {
	// Alignof returns the alignment of a variable of type T.
	// Alignof must implement the alignment guarantees required by the spec.
	Alignof(T Type) int64

	// Offsetsof returns the offsets of the given struct fields, in bytes.
	// Offsetsof must implement the offset guarantees required by the spec.
	Offsetsof(fields []*Var) []int64

	// Sizeof returns the size of a variable of type T.
	// Sizeof must implement the size guarantees required by the spec.
	Sizeof(T Type) int64
}

Sizes defines the sizing functions for package unsafe.

func SizesFor added in go1.9 

func SizesFor(compiler, arch string) Sizes

SizesFor returns the Sizes used by a compiler for an architecture. The result is nil if a compiler/architecture pair is not known.

Supported architectures for compiler "gc": "386", "arm", "arm64", "amd64", "amd64p32", "mips", "mipsle", "mips64", "mips64le", "ppc64", "ppc64le", "riscv64", "s390x", "sparc64", "wasm".

type Slice 

type Slice struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Slice represents a slice type.

func NewSlice 

func NewSlice(elem Type) *Slice

NewSlice returns a new slice type for the given element type.

func (*Slice) Elem 

func (s *Slice) Elem() Type

Elem returns the element type of slice s.

func (*Slice) String 

func (t *Slice) String() string

func (*Slice) Underlying 

func (t *Slice) Underlying() Type

type StdSizes 

type StdSizes struct {
	WordSize int64 // word size in bytes - must be >= 4 (32bits)
	MaxAlign int64 // maximum alignment in bytes - must be >= 1
}

StdSizes is a convenience type for creating commonly used Sizes. It makes the following simplifying assumptions:

  • The size of explicitly sized basic types (int16, etc.) is the specified size.
  • The size of strings and interfaces is 2*WordSize.
  • The size of slices is 3*WordSize.
  • The size of an array of n elements corresponds to the size of a struct of n consecutive fields of the array's element type.
  • The size of a struct is the offset of the last field plus that field's size. As with all element types, if the struct is used in an array its size must first be aligned to a multiple of the struct's alignment.
  • All other types have size WordSize.
  • Arrays and structs are aligned per spec definition; all other types are naturally aligned with a maximum alignment MaxAlign.

*StdSizes implements Sizes.

func (*StdSizes) Alignof 

func (s *StdSizes) Alignof(T Type) int64

func (*StdSizes) Offsetsof 

func (s *StdSizes) Offsetsof(fields []*Var) []int64

func (*StdSizes) Sizeof 

func (s *StdSizes) Sizeof(T Type) int64

type Struct 

type Struct struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Struct represents a struct type.

func NewStruct 

func NewStruct(fields []*Var, tags []string) *Struct

NewStruct returns a new struct with the given fields and corresponding field tags. If a field with index i has a tag, tags[i] must be that tag, but len(tags) may be only as long as required to hold the tag with the largest index i. Consequently, if no field has a tag, tags may be nil.

func (*Struct) Field 

func (s *Struct) Field(i int) *Var

Field returns the i'th field for 0 <= i < NumFields().

func (*Struct) NumFields 

func (s *Struct) NumFields() int

NumFields returns the number of fields in the struct (including blank and embedded fields).

func (*Struct) String 

func (t *Struct) String() string

func (*Struct) Tag 

func (s *Struct) Tag(i int) string

Tag returns the i'th field tag for 0 <= i < NumFields().

func (*Struct) Underlying 

func (t *Struct) Underlying() Type

type Term added in go1.18 

type Term term

A Term represents a term in a Union.

func NewTerm added in go1.18 

func NewTerm(tilde bool, typ Type) *Term

NewTerm returns a new union term.

func (*Term) String added in go1.18 

func (t *Term) String() string

func (*Term) Tilde added in go1.18 

func (t *Term) Tilde() bool

func (*Term) Type added in go1.18 

func (t *Term) Type() Type

type Tuple 

type Tuple struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Tuple represents an ordered list of variables; a nil *Tuple is a valid (empty) tuple. Tuples are used as components of signatures and to represent the type of multiple assignments; they are not first class types of Go.

func NewTuple 

func NewTuple(x ...*Var) *Tuple

NewTuple returns a new tuple for the given variables.

func (*Tuple) At 

func (t *Tuple) At(i int) *Var

At returns the i'th variable of tuple t.

func (*Tuple) Len 

func (t *Tuple) Len() int

Len returns the number variables of tuple t.

func (*Tuple) String 

func (t *Tuple) String() string

func (*Tuple) Underlying 

func (t *Tuple) Underlying() Type

type Type 

type Type interface {
	// Underlying returns the underlying type of a type.
	Underlying() Type

	// String returns a string representation of a type.
	String() string
}

A Type represents a type of Go. All types implement the Type interface.

func Default added in go1.8 

func Default(t Type) Type

Default returns the default "typed" type for an "untyped" type; it returns the incoming type for all other types. The default type for untyped nil is untyped nil.

func Instantiate added in go1.18 

func Instantiate(ctxt *Context, orig Type, targs []Type, validate bool) (Type, error)

Instantiate instantiates the type orig with the given type arguments targs. orig must be a *Named or a *Signature type. If there is no error, the resulting Type is an instantiated type of the same kind (either a *Named or a *Signature). Methods attached to a *Named type are also instantiated, and associated with a new *Func that has the same position as the original method, but nil function scope.

If ctxt is non-nil, it may be used to de-duplicate the instance against previous instances with the same identity. As a special case, generic *Signature origin types are only considered identical if they are pointer equivalent, so that instantiating distinct (but possibly identical) signatures will yield different instances. The use of a shared context does not guarantee that identical instances are deduplicated in all cases.

If validate is set, Instantiate verifies that the number of type arguments and parameters match, and that the type arguments satisfy their corresponding type constraints. If verification fails, the resulting error may wrap an *ArgumentError indicating which type argument did not satisfy its corresponding type parameter constraint, and why.

If validate is not set, Instantiate does not verify the type argument count or whether the type arguments satisfy their constraints. Instantiate is guaranteed to not return an error, but may panic. Specifically, for *Signature types, Instantiate will panic immediately if the type argument count is incorrect; for *Named types, a panic may occur later inside the *Named API.

type TypeAndValue 

type TypeAndValue struct {
	Type  Type
	Value constant.Value
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

TypeAndValue reports the type and value (for constants) of the corresponding expression.

func Eval 

func Eval(fset *token.FileSet, pkg *Package, pos token.Pos, expr string) (_ TypeAndValue, err error)

Eval returns the type and, if constant, the value for the expression expr, evaluated at position pos of package pkg, which must have been derived from type-checking an AST with complete position information relative to the provided file set.

The meaning of the parameters fset, pkg, and pos is the same as in CheckExpr. An error is returned if expr cannot be parsed successfully, or the resulting expr AST cannot be type-checked.

func (TypeAndValue) Addressable 

func (tv TypeAndValue) Addressable() bool

Addressable reports whether the corresponding expression is addressable (https://golang.org/ref/spec#Address_operators).

func (TypeAndValue) Assignable 

func (tv TypeAndValue) Assignable() bool

Assignable reports whether the corresponding expression is assignable to (provided a value of the right type).

func (TypeAndValue) HasOk 

func (tv TypeAndValue) HasOk() bool

HasOk reports whether the corresponding expression may be used on the rhs of a comma-ok assignment.

func (TypeAndValue) IsBuiltin 

func (tv TypeAndValue) IsBuiltin() bool

IsBuiltin reports whether the corresponding expression denotes a (possibly parenthesized) built-in function.

func (TypeAndValue) IsNil 

func (tv TypeAndValue) IsNil() bool

IsNil reports whether the corresponding expression denotes the predeclared value nil.

func (TypeAndValue) IsType 

func (tv TypeAndValue) IsType() bool

IsType reports whether the corresponding expression specifies a type.

func (TypeAndValue) IsValue 

func (tv TypeAndValue) IsValue() bool

IsValue reports whether the corresponding expression is a value. Builtins are not considered values. Constant values have a non- nil Value.

func (TypeAndValue) IsVoid 

func (tv TypeAndValue) IsVoid() bool

IsVoid reports whether the corresponding expression is a function call without results.

type TypeList added in go1.18 

type TypeList struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

TypeList holds a list of types.

func (*TypeList) At added in go1.18 

func (l *TypeList) At(i int) Type

At returns the i'th type in the list.

func (*TypeList) Len added in go1.18 

func (l *TypeList) Len() int

Len returns the number of types in the list. It is safe to call on a nil receiver.

type TypeName 

type TypeName struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A TypeName represents a name for a (defined or alias) type.

func NewTypeName 

func NewTypeName(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, typ Type) *TypeName

NewTypeName returns a new type name denoting the given typ. The remaining arguments set the attributes found with all Objects.

The typ argument may be a defined (Named) type or an alias type. It may also be nil such that the returned TypeName can be used as argument for NewNamed, which will set the TypeName's type as a side- effect.

func (*TypeName) Exported 

func (obj *TypeName) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*TypeName) Id 

func (obj *TypeName) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*TypeName) IsAlias added in go1.9 

func (obj *TypeName) IsAlias() bool

IsAlias reports whether obj is an alias name for a type.

func (*TypeName) Name 

func (obj *TypeName) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*TypeName) Parent 

func (obj *TypeName) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*TypeName) Pkg 

func (obj *TypeName) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*TypeName) Pos 

func (obj *TypeName) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*TypeName) String 

func (obj *TypeName) String() string

func (*TypeName) Type 

func (obj *TypeName) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

type TypeParam added in go1.18 

type TypeParam struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A TypeParam represents a type parameter type.

func NewTypeParam added in go1.18 

func NewTypeParam(obj *TypeName, constraint Type) *TypeParam

NewTypeParam returns a new TypeParam. Type parameters may be set on a Named or Signature type by calling SetTypeParams. Setting a type parameter on more than one type will result in a panic.

The constraint argument can be nil, and set later via SetConstraint. If the constraint is non-nil, it must be fully defined.

func (*TypeParam) Constraint added in go1.18 

func (t *TypeParam) Constraint() Type

Constraint returns the type constraint specified for t.

func (*TypeParam) Index added in go1.18 

func (t *TypeParam) Index() int

Index returns the index of the type param within its param list, or -1 if the type parameter has not yet been bound to a type.

func (*TypeParam) Obj added in go1.18 

func (t *TypeParam) Obj() *TypeName

Obj returns the type name for t.

func (*TypeParam) SetConstraint added in go1.18 

func (t *TypeParam) SetConstraint(bound Type)

SetConstraint sets the type constraint for t.

It must be called by users of NewTypeParam after the bound's underlying is fully defined, and before using the type parameter in any way other than to form other types. Once SetConstraint returns the receiver, t is safe for concurrent use.

func (*TypeParam) String added in go1.18 

func (t *TypeParam) String() string

func (*TypeParam) Underlying added in go1.18 

func (t *TypeParam) Underlying() Type

type TypeParamList added in go1.18 

type TypeParamList struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

TypeParamList holds a list of type parameters.

func (*TypeParamList) At added in go1.18 

func (l *TypeParamList) At(i int) *TypeParam

At returns the i'th type parameter in the list.

func (*TypeParamList) Len added in go1.18 

func (l *TypeParamList) Len() int

Len returns the number of type parameters in the list. It is safe to call on a nil receiver.

type Union added in go1.18 

type Union struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Union represents a union of terms embedded in an interface.

func NewUnion added in go1.18 

func NewUnion(terms []*Term) *Union

NewUnion returns a new Union type with the given terms. It is an error to create an empty union; they are syntactically not possible.

func (*Union) Len added in go1.18 

func (u *Union) Len() int

func (*Union) String added in go1.18 

func (u *Union) String() string

func (*Union) Term added in go1.18 

func (u *Union) Term(i int) *Term

func (*Union) Underlying added in go1.18 

func (u *Union) Underlying() Type

type Var 

type Var struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Variable represents a declared variable (including function parameters and results, and struct fields).

func NewField 

func NewField(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, typ Type, embedded bool) *Var

NewField returns a new variable representing a struct field. For embedded fields, the name is the unqualified type name / under which the field is accessible.

func NewParam 

func NewParam(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, typ Type) *Var

NewParam returns a new variable representing a function parameter.

func NewVar 

func NewVar(pos token.Pos, pkg *Package, name string, typ Type) *Var

NewVar returns a new variable. The arguments set the attributes found with all Objects.

func (*Var) Anonymous 

func (obj *Var) Anonymous() bool

Anonymous reports whether the variable is an embedded field. Same as Embedded; only present for backward-compatibility.

func (*Var) Embedded added in go1.11 

func (obj *Var) Embedded() bool

Embedded reports whether the variable is an embedded field.

func (*Var) Exported 

func (obj *Var) Exported() bool

Exported reports whether the object is exported (starts with a capital letter). It doesn't take into account whether the object is in a local (function) scope or not.

func (*Var) Id 

func (obj *Var) Id() string

Id is a wrapper for Id(obj.Pkg(), obj.Name()).

func (*Var) IsField 

func (obj *Var) IsField() bool

IsField reports whether the variable is a struct field.

func (*Var) Name 

func (obj *Var) Name() string

Name returns the object's (package-local, unqualified) name.

func (*Var) Parent 

func (obj *Var) Parent() *Scope

Parent returns the scope in which the object is declared. The result is nil for methods and struct fields.

func (*Var) Pkg 

func (obj *Var) Pkg() *Package

Pkg returns the package to which the object belongs. The result is nil for labels and objects in the Universe scope.

func (*Var) Pos 

func (obj *Var) Pos() token.Pos

Pos returns the declaration position of the object's identifier.

func (*Var) String 

func (obj *Var) String() string

func (*Var) Type 

func (obj *Var) Type() Type

Type returns the object's type.

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