cloud

README

Google Cloud Client Libraries for Go

Go packages for Google Cloud Platform services.

import "cloud.google.com/go"

To install the packages on your system, do not clone the repo. Instead use

$ go get -u cloud.google.com/go/...

NOTE: Some of these packages are under development, and may occasionally make backwards-incompatible changes.

NOTE: Github repo is a mirror of https://code.googlesource.com/gocloud.

• News
• Supported APIs
• Go Versions Supported
• Authorization
• Cloud Datastore
• Cloud Storage
• Cloud Pub/Sub
• Cloud BigQuery
• Stackdriver Logging
• Cloud Spanner

News

July 11, 2018

v0.25.0

• Added Code of Conduct
• bigtable:
  • cbt: Support a GC policy of "never".
• errorreporting:
  • Support User.
  • Close now calls Flush.
  • Use OnError (previously ignored).
  • Pass through the RPC error as-is to OnError.
• httpreplay: A tool for recording and replaying HTTP requests (for the bigquery and storage clients in this repo).
• kms: v1 client added
• logging: add SourceLocation to Entry.
• storage: improve CRC checking on read.

June 18, 2018

v0.24.0

• bigquery: Support for the NUMERIC type.
• bigtable:
  • cbt: Optionally specify columns for read/lookup
  • Support instance-level administration.
• oslogin: New client for the OS Login API.
• pubsub:
  • The package is now stable. There will be no further breaking changes.
  • Internal changes to improve Subscription.Receive behavior.
• storage: Support updating bucket lifecycle config.
• spanner: Support struct-typed parameter bindings.
• texttospeech: New client for the Text-to-Speech API.

May 18, 2018

v0.23.0

• bigquery: Add DDL stats to query statistics.
• bigtable:
  • cbt: Add cells-per-column limit for row lookup.
  • cbt: Make it possible to combine read filters.
• dlp: v2beta2 client removed. Use the v2 client instead.
• firestore, spanner: Fix compilation errors due to protobuf changes.

May 8, 2018

v0.22.0

• bigtable:

  • cbt: Support cells per column limit for row read.
  • bttest: Correctly handle empty RowSet.
  • Fix ReadModifyWrite operation in emulator.
  • Fix API path in GetCluster.

• bigquery:

  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Retry on 503 status code.
  • Add dataset.DeleteWithContents.
  • Add SchemaUpdateOptions for query jobs.
  • Add Timeline to QueryStatistics.
  • Add more stats to ExplainQueryStage.
  • Support Parquet data format.

• datastore:

  • Support omitempty for times.

• dlp:

  • BREAKING CHANGE: Remove v1beta1 client. Please migrate to the v2 client, which is now out of beta.
  • Add v2 client.

• firestore:

  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Treat set({}, MergeAll) as valid.

• iam:

  • Support JWT signing via SignJwt callopt.

• profiler:

  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: PollForSerialOutput returns an error when context.Done.
  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Increase the initial backoff to 1 minute.
  • Avoid returning empty serial port output.

• pubsub:

  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Don't backoff during next retryable error once stream is healthy.
  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Don't backoff on EOF.
  • pstest: Support Acknowledge and ModifyAckDeadline RPCs.

• redis:

  • Add v1 beta Redis client.

• spanner:

  • Support SessionLabels.

• speech:

  • Add api v1 beta1 client.

• storage:

  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Retry reads when retryable error occurs.
  • Fix delete of object in requester-pays bucket.
  • Support KMS integration.

April 9, 2018

v0.21.0

• bigquery:

  • Add OpenCensus tracing.

• firestore:

  • BREAKING CHANGE: If a document does not exist, return a DocumentSnapshot whose Exists method returns false. DocumentRef.Get and Transaction.Get return the non-nil DocumentSnapshot in addition to a NotFound error. DocumentRef.GetAll and Transaction.GetAll return a non-nil DocumentSnapshot instead of nil.
  • Add DocumentIterator.Stop. Call Stop whenever you are done with a DocumentIterator.
  • Added Query.Snapshots and DocumentRef.Snapshots, which provide realtime notification of updates. See https://cloud.google.com/firestore/docs/query-data/listen.
  • Canceling an RPC now always returns a grpc.Status with codes.Canceled.

• spanner:

  • Add CommitTimestamp, which supports inserting the commit timestamp of a transaction into a column.

March 22, 2018

v0.20.0

• bigquery: Support SchemaUpdateOptions for load jobs.

• bigtable:

  • Add SampleRowKeys.
  • cbt: Support union, intersection GCPolicy.
  • Retry admin RPCS.
  • Add trace spans to retries.

• datastore: Add OpenCensus tracing.

• firestore:

  • Fix queries involving Null and NaN.
  • Allow Timestamp protobuffers for time values.

• logging: Add a WriteTimeout option.

• spanner: Support Batch API.

• storage: Add OpenCensus tracing.

Older news

Supported APIs

Google API	Status	Package
BigQuery	stable	cloud.google.com/go/bigquery
Bigtable	stable	cloud.google.com/go/bigtable
Container	alpha	cloud.google.com/go/container/apiv1
Data Loss Prevention	alpha	cloud.google.com/go/dlp/apiv2beta1
Datastore	stable	cloud.google.com/go/datastore
Debugger	alpha	cloud.google.com/go/debugger/apiv2
ErrorReporting	alpha	cloud.google.com/go/errorreporting
Firestore	beta	cloud.google.com/go/firestore
Language	stable	cloud.google.com/go/language/apiv1
Logging	stable	cloud.google.com/go/logging
Monitoring	beta	cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3
OS Login	alpha	cloud.google.com/compute/docs/oslogin/rest
Pub/Sub	stable	cloud.google.com/go/pubsub
Spanner	stable	cloud.google.com/go/spanner
Speech	stable	cloud.google.com/go/speech/apiv1
Storage	stable	cloud.google.com/go/storage
Translation	stable	cloud.google.com/go/translate
Video Intelligence	beta	cloud.google.com/go/videointelligence/apiv1beta1
Vision	stable	cloud.google.com/go/vision/apiv1

Alpha status: the API is still being actively developed. As a result, it might change in backward-incompatible ways and is not recommended for production use.

Beta status: the API is largely complete, but still has outstanding features and bugs to be addressed. There may be minor backwards-incompatible changes where necessary.

Stable status: the API is mature and ready for production use. We will continue addressing bugs and feature requests.

Documentation and examples are available at https://godoc.org/cloud.google.com/go

Visit or join the google-api-go-announce group for updates on these packages.

Go Versions Supported

We support the two most recent major versions of Go. If Google App Engine uses an older version, we support that as well. You can see which versions are currently supported by looking at the lines following go: in .travis.yml.

Authorization

By default, each API will use Google Application Default Credentials for authorization credentials used in calling the API endpoints. This will allow your application to run in many environments without requiring explicit configuration.

client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)

To authorize using a JSON key file, pass option.WithServiceAccountFile to the NewClient function of the desired package. For example:

client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx, option.WithServiceAccountFile("path/to/keyfile.json"))

You can exert more control over authorization by using the golang.org/x/oauth2 package to create an oauth2.TokenSource. Then pass option.WithTokenSource to the NewClient function: snip:# (auth-ts)

tokenSource := ...
client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx, option.WithTokenSource(tokenSource))

Cloud Datastore

• About Cloud Datastore
• Activating the API for your project
• API documentation
• Go client documentation
• Complete sample program

Example Usage

First create a datastore.Client to use throughout your application:

client, err := datastore.NewClient(ctx, "my-project-id")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

Then use that client to interact with the API:

type Post struct {
	Title       string
	Body        string `datastore:",noindex"`
	PublishedAt time.Time
}
keys := []*datastore.Key{
	datastore.NameKey("Post", "post1", nil),
	datastore.NameKey("Post", "post2", nil),
}
posts := []*Post{
	{Title: "Post 1", Body: "...", PublishedAt: time.Now()},
	{Title: "Post 2", Body: "...", PublishedAt: time.Now()},
}
if _, err := client.PutMulti(ctx, keys, posts); err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

Cloud Storage

• About Cloud Storage
• API documentation
• Go client documentation
• Complete sample programs

Example Usage

First create a storage.Client to use throughout your application:

client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

// Read the object1 from bucket.
rc, err := client.Bucket("bucket").Object("object1").NewReader(ctx)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}
defer rc.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(rc)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

Cloud Pub/Sub

• About Cloud Pubsub
• API documentation
• Go client documentation
• Complete sample programs

Example Usage

First create a pubsub.Client to use throughout your application:

client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, "project-id")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

Then use the client to publish and subscribe:

// Publish "hello world" on topic1.
topic := client.Topic("topic1")
res := topic.Publish(ctx, &pubsub.Message{
	Data: []byte("hello world"),
})
// The publish happens asynchronously.
// Later, you can get the result from res:
...
msgID, err := res.Get(ctx)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

// Use a callback to receive messages via subscription1.
sub := client.Subscription("subscription1")
err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, m *pubsub.Message) {
	fmt.Println(m.Data)
	m.Ack() // Acknowledge that we've consumed the message.
})
if err != nil {
	log.Println(err)
}

Cloud BigQuery

• About Cloud BigQuery
• API documentation
• Go client documentation
• Complete sample programs

Example Usage

First create a bigquery.Client to use throughout your application: snip:# (bq-1)

c, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, "my-project-ID")
if err != nil {
	// TODO: Handle error.
}

Then use that client to interact with the API: snip:# (bq-2)

// Construct a query.
q := c.Query(`
    SELECT year, SUM(number)
    FROM [bigquery-public-data:usa_names.usa_1910_2013]
    WHERE name = "William"
    GROUP BY year
    ORDER BY year
`)
// Execute the query.
it, err := q.Read(ctx)
if err != nil {
	// TODO: Handle error.
}
// Iterate through the results.
for {
	var values []bigquery.Value
	err := it.Next(&values)
	if err == iterator.Done {
		break
	}
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: Handle error.
	}
	fmt.Println(values)
}

Stackdriver Logging

• About Stackdriver Logging
• API documentation
• Go client documentation
• Complete sample programs

Example Usage

First create a logging.Client to use throughout your application: snip:# (logging-1)

ctx := context.Background()
client, err := logging.NewClient(ctx, "my-project")
if err != nil {
	// TODO: Handle error.
}

Usually, you'll want to add log entries to a buffer to be periodically flushed (automatically and asynchronously) to the Stackdriver Logging service. snip:# (logging-2)

logger := client.Logger("my-log")
logger.Log(logging.Entry{Payload: "something happened!"})

Close your client before your program exits, to flush any buffered log entries. snip:# (logging-3)

err = client.Close()
if err != nil {
	// TODO: Handle error.
}

Cloud Spanner

• About Cloud Spanner
• API documentation
• Go client documentation

Example Usage

First create a spanner.Client to use throughout your application:

client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, "projects/P/instances/I/databases/D")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

// Simple Reads And Writes
_, err = client.Apply(ctx, []*spanner.Mutation{
	spanner.Insert("Users",
		[]string{"name", "email"},
		[]interface{}{"alice", "a@example.com"})})
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}
row, err := client.Single().ReadRow(ctx, "Users",
	spanner.Key{"alice"}, []string{"email"})
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

Contributing

Contributions are welcome. Please, see the CONTRIBUTING document for details. We're using Gerrit for our code reviews. Please don't open pull requests against this repo, new pull requests will be automatically closed.

Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms. See Contributor Code of Conduct for more information.

Documentation

Overview

Package cloud is the root of the packages used to access Google Cloud Services. See https://godoc.org/cloud.google.com/go for a full list of sub-packages.

Client Options

All clients in sub-packages are configurable via client options. These options are described here: https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/api/option.

Authentication and Authorization

All the clients in sub-packages support authentication via Google Application Default Credentials (see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production), or by providing a JSON key file for a Service Account. See the authentication examples in this package for details.

Timeouts and Cancellation

By default, all requests in sub-packages will run indefinitely, retrying on transient errors when correctness allows. To set timeouts or arrange for cancellation, use contexts. See the examples for details.

Do not attempt to control the initial connection (dialing) of a service by setting a timeout on the context passed to NewClient. Dialing is non-blocking, so timeouts would be ineffective and would only interfere with credential refreshing, which uses the same context.

Connection Pooling

Connection pooling differs in clients based on their transport. Cloud clients either rely on HTTP or gRPC transports to communicate with Google Cloud.

Cloud clients that use HTTP (bigquery, compute, storage, and translate) rely on the underlying HTTP transport to cache connections for later re-use. These are cached to the default http.MaxIdleConns and http.MaxIdleConnsPerHost settings in http.DefaultTransport.

For gPRC clients (all others in this repo), connection pooling is configurable. Users of cloud client libraries may specify option.WithGRPCConnectionPool(n) as a client option to NewClient calls. This configures the underlying gRPC connections to be pooled and addressed in a round robin fashion.

Using the Libraries with Docker

Minimal docker images like Alpine lack CA certificates. This causes RPCs to appear to hang, because gRPC retries indefinitely. See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-go/issues/928 for more information.

Debugging

To see gRPC logs, set the environment variable GRPC_GO_LOG_SEVERITY_LEVEL. See https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog for more information.

For HTTP logging, set the GODEBUG environment variable to "http2debug=1" or "http2debug=2".

Example (ApplicationDefaultCredentials)

Google Application Default Credentials is the recommended way to authorize and authenticate clients.

For information on how to create and obtain Application Default Credentials, see https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/application-default-credentials.

package main

import (
	"cloud.google.com/go/datastore"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

func main() {
	client, err := datastore.NewClient(context.Background(), "project-id")
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
	_ = client // Use the client.
}

Example (Cancellation)

To arrange for an RPC to be canceled, use context.WithCancel.

package main

import (
	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

func main() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	// Do not cancel the context passed to NewClient: dialing happens asynchronously,
	// and the context is used to refresh credentials in the background.
	client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, "project-id")
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	defer cancel() // Always call cancel.

	// TODO: Make the cancel function available to whatever might want to cancel the
	// call--perhaps a GUI button.
	if err := client.Dataset("new-dataset").Create(cctx, nil); err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
}

Example (CredentialsFile)

You can use a file with credentials to authenticate and authorize, such as a JSON key file associated with a Google service account. Service Account keys can be created and downloaded from https://console.developers.google.com/permissions/serviceaccounts.

This example uses the Datastore client, but the same steps apply to the other client libraries underneath this package.

package main

import (
	"cloud.google.com/go/datastore"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

func main() {
	client, err := datastore.NewClient(context.Background(),
		"project-id", option.WithCredentialsFile("/path/to/service-account-key.json"))
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
	_ = client // Use the client.
}

Example (CredentialsFromJSON)

In some cases (for instance, you don't want to store secrets on disk), you can create credentials from in-memory JSON and use the WithCredentials option.

The google package in this example is at golang.org/x/oauth2/google.

This example uses the PubSub client, but the same steps apply to the other client libraries underneath this package.

package main

import (
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

func main() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	creds, err := google.CredentialsFromJSON(ctx, []byte("JSON creds"), pubsub.ScopePubSub)
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, "project-id", option.WithCredentials(creds))
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
	_ = client // Use the client.
}

Example (Timeout)

To set a timeout for an RPC, use context.WithTimeout.

package main

import (
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

func main() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	// Do not set a timeout on the context passed to NewClient: dialing happens
	// asynchronously, and the context is used to refresh credentials in the
	// background.
	client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, "project-id")
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
	// Time out if it takes more than 10 seconds to create a dataset.
	tctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel() // Always call cancel.

	if err := client.Dataset("new-dataset").Create(tctx, nil); err != nil {
		// TODO: handle error.
	}
}