adt

README

Red-Black Tree

"Introduction to Algorithms" (Cormen et al, 3rd ed.), Chapter 13

1. Every node is either red or black.
2. The root is black.
3. Every leaf (NIL) is black.
4. If a node is red, then both its children are black.
5. For each node, all simple paths from the node to descendant leaves contain the same number of black nodes.

For example,

import (
    "fmt"

    "go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/adt"
)

func main() {
    ivt := adt.NewIntervalTree()
    ivt.Insert(NewInt64Interval(510, 511), 0)
    ivt.Insert(NewInt64Interval(82, 83), 0)
    ivt.Insert(NewInt64Interval(830, 831), 0)
    ...

After inserting the values 510, 82, 830, 11, 383, 647, 899, 261, 410, 514, 815, 888, 972, 238, 292, 953.

Deleting the node 514 should not trigger any rebalancing:

Deleting the node 11 triggers multiple rotates for rebalancing:

Try yourself at https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/RedBlack.html.

Documentation

Overview

Package adt implements useful abstract data types.

Example

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/adt"
)

func main() {
	ivt := adt.NewIntervalTree()
	ivt.Insert(adt.NewInt64Interval(1, 3), 123)
	ivt.Insert(adt.NewInt64Interval(9, 13), 456)
	ivt.Insert(adt.NewInt64Interval(7, 20), 789)

	rs := ivt.Stab(adt.NewInt64Point(10))
	for _, v := range rs {
		fmt.Printf("Overlapping range: %+v\n", v)
	}
}

Output:

Overlapping range: &{Ivl:{Begin:7 End:20} Val:789}
Overlapping range: &{Ivl:{Begin:9 End:13} Val:456}

Index

• type BytesAffineComparable
  • func (b BytesAffineComparable) Compare(c Comparable) int
• type Comparable
• type Int64Comparable
  • func (v Int64Comparable) Compare(c Comparable) int
• type Interval
  • func NewBytesAffineInterval(begin, end []byte) Interval
  • func NewBytesAffinePoint(b []byte) Interval
  • func NewInt64Interval(a int64, b int64) Interval
  • func NewInt64Point(a int64) Interval
  • func NewStringAffineInterval(begin, end string) Interval
  • func NewStringAffinePoint(s string) Interval
  • func NewStringInterval(begin, end string) Interval
  • func NewStringPoint(s string) Interval
  • func (ivl *Interval) Compare(c Comparable) int
• type IntervalTree
  • func NewIntervalTree() IntervalTree
• type IntervalValue
• type IntervalVisitor
• type StringAffineComparable
  • func (s StringAffineComparable) Compare(c Comparable) int
• type StringComparable
  • func (s StringComparable) Compare(c Comparable) int

Examples

• Package

Types

type BytesAffineComparable

type BytesAffineComparable []byte

BytesAffineComparable treats empty byte arrays as > all other byte arrays

func (BytesAffineComparable) Compare

func (b BytesAffineComparable) Compare(c Comparable) int

type Comparable

type Comparable interface {
	// Compare gives the result of a 3-way comparison
	// a.Compare(b) = 1 => a > b
	// a.Compare(b) = 0 => a == b
	// a.Compare(b) = -1 => a < b
	Compare(c Comparable) int
}

Comparable is an interface for trichotomic comparisons.

type Int64Comparable

type Int64Comparable int64

func (Int64Comparable) Compare

func (v Int64Comparable) Compare(c Comparable) int

type Interval

type Interval struct {
	Begin Comparable
	End   Comparable
}

Interval implements a Comparable interval [begin, end) TODO: support different sorts of intervals: (a,b), [a,b], (a, b]

func NewBytesAffineInterval

func NewBytesAffineInterval(begin, end []byte) Interval

func NewBytesAffinePoint

func NewBytesAffinePoint(b []byte) Interval

func NewInt64Interval

func NewInt64Interval(a int64, b int64) Interval

func NewInt64Point

func NewInt64Point(a int64) Interval

func NewStringAffineInterval

func NewStringAffineInterval(begin, end string) Interval

func NewStringAffinePoint

func NewStringAffinePoint(s string) Interval

func NewStringInterval

func NewStringInterval(begin, end string) Interval

func NewStringPoint

func NewStringPoint(s string) Interval

func (*Interval) Compare

func (ivl *Interval) Compare(c Comparable) int

Compare on an interval gives == if the interval overlaps.

type IntervalTree

type IntervalTree interface {
	// Insert adds a node with the given interval into the tree.
	Insert(ivl Interval, val interface{})
	// Delete removes the node with the given interval from the tree, returning
	// true if a node is in fact removed.
	Delete(ivl Interval) bool
	// Len gives the number of elements in the tree.
	Len() int
	// Height is the number of levels in the tree; one node has height 1.
	Height() int
	// MaxHeight is the expected maximum tree height given the number of nodes.
	MaxHeight() int
	// Visit calls a visitor function on every tree node intersecting the given interval.
	// It will visit each interval [x, y) in ascending order sorted on x.
	Visit(ivl Interval, ivv IntervalVisitor)
	// Find gets the IntervalValue for the node matching the given interval
	Find(ivl Interval) *IntervalValue
	// Intersects returns true if there is some tree node intersecting the given interval.
	Intersects(iv Interval) bool
	// Contains returns true if the interval tree's keys cover the entire given interval.
	Contains(ivl Interval) bool
	// Stab returns a slice with all elements in the tree intersecting the interval.
	Stab(iv Interval) []*IntervalValue
	// Union merges a given interval tree into the receiver.
	Union(inIvt IntervalTree, ivl Interval)
}

IntervalTree represents a (mostly) textbook implementation of the "Introduction to Algorithms" (Cormen et al, 3rd ed.) chapter 13 red-black tree and chapter 14.3 interval tree with search supporting "stabbing queries".

func NewIntervalTree

func NewIntervalTree() IntervalTree

NewIntervalTree returns a new interval tree.

type IntervalValue

type IntervalValue struct {
	Ivl Interval
	Val interface{}
}

IntervalValue represents a range tree node that contains a range and a value.

type IntervalVisitor

type IntervalVisitor func(n *IntervalValue) bool

IntervalVisitor is used on tree searches; return false to stop searching.

type StringAffineComparable

type StringAffineComparable string

StringAffineComparable treats "" as > all other strings

func (StringAffineComparable) Compare

func (s StringAffineComparable) Compare(c Comparable) int

type StringComparable

type StringComparable string

func (StringComparable) Compare

func (s StringComparable) Compare(c Comparable) int