table

package
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 Go to latest Published: Dec 6, 2023 License: Apache-2.0 Imports: 26 Imported by: 0

README

Size of table is 123,217,667 bytes for all benchmarks.

BenchmarkRead

$ go test -bench ^BenchmarkRead$ -run ^$ -count 3
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table
BenchmarkRead-16    	      10	 154074944 ns/op
BenchmarkRead-16    	      10	 154340411 ns/op
BenchmarkRead-16    	      10	 151914489 ns/op
PASS
ok  	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table	22.467s

Size of table is 123,217,667 bytes, which is ~118MB.

The rate is ~762MB/s using LoadToRAM (when table is in RAM).

To read a 64MB table, this would take ~0.084s, which is negligible.

BenchmarkReadAndBuild

$ go test -bench BenchmarkReadAndBuild -run ^$ -count 3
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table
BenchmarkReadAndBuild-16    	       1	1026755231 ns/op
BenchmarkReadAndBuild-16    	       1	1009543316 ns/op
BenchmarkReadAndBuild-16    	       1	1039920546 ns/op
PASS
ok  	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table	12.081s

The rate is ~123MB/s. To build a 64MB table, this would take ~0.56s. Note that this does NOT include the flushing of the table to disk. All we are doing above is reading one table (which is in RAM) and write one table in memory.

The table building takes 0.56-0.084s ~ 0.4823s.

BenchmarkReadMerged

Below, we merge 5 tables. The total size remains unchanged at ~122M.

$ go test -bench ReadMerged -run ^$ -count 3
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table
BenchmarkReadMerged-16    	       2	 977588975 ns/op
BenchmarkReadMerged-16    	       2	 982140738 ns/op
BenchmarkReadMerged-16    	       2	 962046017 ns/op
PASS
ok  	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table	27.433s

The rate is ~120MB/s. To read a 64MB table using merge iterator, this would take ~0.53s.

BenchmarkRandomRead

go test -bench BenchmarkRandomRead$ -run ^$ -count 3
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table
BenchmarkRandomRead-16    	  500000	      2645 ns/op
BenchmarkRandomRead-16    	  500000	      2648 ns/op
BenchmarkRandomRead-16    	  500000	      2614 ns/op
PASS
ok  	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/table	50.850s

For random read benchmarking, we are randomly reading a key and verifying its value.

DB Open benchmark

  1. Create badger DB with 2 billion key-value pairs (about 380GB of data)
badger fill -m 2000 --dir="/tmp/data" --sorted
  1. Clear buffers and swap memory
free -mh && sync && echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && sudo swapoff -a && sudo swapon -a && free -mh

Also flush disk buffers

blockdev --flushbufs /dev/nvme0n1p4
  1. Run the benchmark
go test -run=^$ github.com/dgraph-io/badger -bench ^BenchmarkDBOpen$ -benchdir="/tmp/data" -v

badger 2019/06/04 17:15:56 INFO: 126 tables out of 1028 opened in 3.017s
badger 2019/06/04 17:15:59 INFO: 257 tables out of 1028 opened in 6.014s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:02 INFO: 387 tables out of 1028 opened in 9.017s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:05 INFO: 516 tables out of 1028 opened in 12.025s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:08 INFO: 645 tables out of 1028 opened in 15.013s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:11 INFO: 775 tables out of 1028 opened in 18.008s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:14 INFO: 906 tables out of 1028 opened in 21.003s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:17 INFO: All 1028 tables opened in 23.851s
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:17 INFO: Replaying file id: 1998 at offset: 332000
badger 2019/06/04 17:16:17 INFO: Replay took: 9.81µs
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/dgraph-io/badger
BenchmarkDBOpen-16    	       1	23930082140 ns/op
PASS
ok  	github.com/dgraph-io/badger	24.076s

It takes about 23.851s to open a DB with 2 billion sorted key-value entries.

Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	KB = 1024
	MB = KB * 1024
)

Variables

View Source 
var (
	REVERSED int = 2
	NOCACHE  int = 4
)
View Source 
var NumBlocks int32

Functions

func BlockEvictHandler 

func BlockEvictHandler(value interface{})

BlockEvictHandler is used to reuse the byte slice stored in the block on cache eviction.

func IDToFilename 

func IDToFilename(id uint64) string

IDToFilename does the inverse of ParseFileID

func NewFilename 

func NewFilename(id uint64, dir string) string

NewFilename should be named TableFilepath -- it combines the dir with the ID to make a table filepath.

func NewMergeIterator 

func NewMergeIterator(iters []y.Iterator, reverse bool) y.Iterator

NewMergeIterator creates a merge iterator.

func ParseFileID 

func ParseFileID(name string) (uint64, bool)

ParseFileID reads the file id out of a filename.

Types

type Builder 

type Builder struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Builder is used in building a table.

func NewTableBuilder 

func NewTableBuilder(opts Options) *Builder

NewTableBuilder makes a new TableBuilder.

func (*Builder) Add 

func (b *Builder) Add(key []byte, value y.ValueStruct, valueLen uint32)

Add adds a key-value pair to the block.

func (*Builder) AddStaleKey 

func (b *Builder) AddStaleKey(key []byte, v y.ValueStruct, valueLen uint32)

AddStaleKey is same is Add function but it also increments the internal staleDataSize counter. This value will be used to prioritize this table for compaction.

func (*Builder) Close 

func (b *Builder) Close()

Close closes the TableBuilder.

func (*Builder) DataKey 

func (b *Builder) DataKey() *pb.DataKey

DataKey returns datakey of the builder.

func (*Builder) Done 

func (b *Builder) Done() buildData

func (*Builder) Empty 

func (b *Builder) Empty() bool

Empty returns whether it's empty.

func (*Builder) Finish 

func (b *Builder) Finish() []byte

Finish finishes the table by appending the index.

The table structure looks like +---------+------------+-----------+---------------+ | Block 1 | Block 2 | Block 3 | Block 4 | +---------+------------+-----------+---------------+ | Block 5 | Block 6 | Block ... | Block N | +---------+------------+-----------+---------------+ | Index | Index Size | Checksum | Checksum Size | +---------+------------+-----------+---------------+

In case the data is encrypted, the "IV" is added to the end of the index.

func (*Builder) Opts 

func (b *Builder) Opts() *Options

func (*Builder) ReachedCapacity 

func (b *Builder) ReachedCapacity() bool

ReachedCapacity returns true if we... roughly (?) reached capacity?

type ConcatIterator 

type ConcatIterator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ConcatIterator concatenates the sequences defined by several iterators. (It only works with TableIterators, probably just because it's faster to not be so generic.)

func NewConcatIterator 

func NewConcatIterator(tbls []*Table, opt int) *ConcatIterator

NewConcatIterator creates a new concatenated iterator

func (*ConcatIterator) Close 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Close() error

Close implements y.Interface.

func (*ConcatIterator) Key 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Key() []byte

Key implements y.Interface

func (*ConcatIterator) Next 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Next()

Next advances our concat iterator.

func (*ConcatIterator) Rewind 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Rewind()

Rewind implements y.Interface

func (*ConcatIterator) Seek 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Seek(key []byte)

Seek brings us to element >= key if reversed is false. Otherwise, <= key.

func (*ConcatIterator) Valid 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Valid() bool

Valid implements y.Interface

func (*ConcatIterator) Value 

func (s *ConcatIterator) Value() y.ValueStruct

Value implements y.Interface

type Iterator 

type Iterator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Iterator is an iterator for a Table.

func (*Iterator) Close 

func (itr *Iterator) Close() error

Close closes the iterator (and it must be called).

func (*Iterator) Key 

func (itr *Iterator) Key() []byte

Key follows the y.Iterator interface. Returns the key with timestamp.

func (*Iterator) Next 

func (itr *Iterator) Next()

Next follows the y.Iterator interface

func (*Iterator) Rewind 

func (itr *Iterator) Rewind()

Rewind follows the y.Iterator interface

func (*Iterator) Seek 

func (itr *Iterator) Seek(key []byte)

Seek follows the y.Iterator interface

func (*Iterator) Valid 

func (itr *Iterator) Valid() bool

Valid follows the y.Iterator interface

func (*Iterator) Value 

func (itr *Iterator) Value() (ret y.ValueStruct)

Value follows the y.Iterator interface

func (*Iterator) ValueCopy 

func (itr *Iterator) ValueCopy() (ret y.ValueStruct)

ValueCopy copies the current value and returns it as decoded ValueStruct.

type MergeIterator 

type MergeIterator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

MergeIterator merges multiple iterators. NOTE: MergeIterator owns the array of iterators and is responsible for closing them.

func (*MergeIterator) Close 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Close() error

Close implements y.Iterator.

func (*MergeIterator) Key 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Key() []byte

Key returns the key associated with the current iterator.

func (*MergeIterator) Next 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Next()

Next returns the next element. If it is the same as the current key, ignore it.

func (*MergeIterator) Rewind 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Rewind()

Rewind seeks to first element (or last element for reverse iterator).

func (*MergeIterator) Seek 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Seek(key []byte)

Seek brings us to element with key >= given key.

func (*MergeIterator) Valid 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Valid() bool

Valid returns whether the MergeIterator is at a valid element.

func (*MergeIterator) Value 

func (mi *MergeIterator) Value() y.ValueStruct

Value returns the value associated with the iterator.

type Options 

type Options struct {

	// Open tables in read only mode.
	ReadOnly       bool
	MetricsEnabled bool

	// Maximum size of the table.
	TableSize uint64

	// ChkMode is the checksum verification mode for Table.
	ChkMode options.ChecksumVerificationMode

	// BloomFalsePositive is the false positive probabiltiy of bloom filter.
	BloomFalsePositive float64

	// BlockSize is the size of each block inside SSTable in bytes.
	BlockSize int

	// DataKey is the key used to decrypt the encrypted text.
	DataKey *pb.DataKey

	// Compression indicates the compression algorithm used for block compression.
	Compression options.CompressionType

	// Block cache is used to cache decompressed and decrypted blocks.
	BlockCache *ristretto.Cache
	IndexCache *ristretto.Cache

	AllocPool *z.AllocatorPool

	// ZSTDCompressionLevel is the ZSTD compression level used for compressing blocks.
	ZSTDCompressionLevel int
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Options contains configurable options for Table/Builder.

type Table 

type Table struct {
	sync.Mutex
	*z.MmapFile

	Checksum  []byte
	CreatedAt time.Time

	IsInmemory bool // Set to true if the table is on level 0 and opened in memory.
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Table represents a loaded table file with the info we have about it.

func CreateTable 

func CreateTable(fname string, builder *Builder) (*Table, error)

func OpenInMemoryTable 

func OpenInMemoryTable(data []byte, id uint64, opt *Options) (*Table, error)

OpenInMemoryTable is similar to OpenTable but it opens a new table from the provided data. OpenInMemoryTable is used for L0 tables.

func OpenTable 

func OpenTable(mf *z.MmapFile, opts Options) (*Table, error)

OpenTable assumes file has only one table and opens it. Takes ownership of fd upon function entry. Returns a table with one reference count on it (decrementing which may delete the file! -- consider t.Close() instead). The fd has to writeable because we call Truncate on it before deleting. Checksum for all blocks of table is verified based on value of chkMode.

func (*Table) Biggest 

func (t *Table) Biggest() []byte

Biggest is its biggest key, or nil if there are none

func (*Table) BloomFilterSize 

func (t *Table) BloomFilterSize() int

BloomFilterSize returns the size of the bloom filter in bytes stored in memory.

func (*Table) CompressionType 

func (t *Table) CompressionType() options.CompressionType

CompressionType returns the compression algorithm used for block compression.

func (*Table) DecrRef 

func (t *Table) DecrRef() error

DecrRef decrements the refcount and possibly deletes the table

func (*Table) DoesNotHave 

func (t *Table) DoesNotHave(hash uint32) bool

DoesNotHave returns true if and only if the table does not have the key hash. It does a bloom filter lookup.

func (*Table) Filename 

func (t *Table) Filename() string

Filename is NOT the file name. Just kidding, it is.

func (*Table) ID 

func (t *Table) ID() uint64

ID is the table's ID number (used to make the file name).

func (*Table) IncrRef 

func (t *Table) IncrRef()

IncrRef increments the refcount (having to do with whether the file should be deleted)

func (*Table) IndexSize 

func (t *Table) IndexSize() int

IndexSize is the size of table index in bytes.

func (*Table) KeyCount 

func (t *Table) KeyCount() uint32

KeyCount is the total number of keys in this table.

func (*Table) KeyID 

func (t *Table) KeyID() uint64

KeyID returns data key id.

func (*Table) KeySplits 

func (t *Table) KeySplits(n int, prefix []byte) []string

KeySplits splits the table into at least n ranges based on the block offsets.

func (*Table) MaxVersion 

func (t *Table) MaxVersion() uint64

MaxVersion returns the maximum version across all keys stored in this table.

func (*Table) NewIterator 

func (t *Table) NewIterator(opt int) *Iterator

NewIterator returns a new iterator of the Table

func (*Table) OnDiskSize 

func (t *Table) OnDiskSize() uint32

OnDiskSize returns the total size of key-values stored in this table (including the disk space occupied on the value log).

func (*Table) Size 

func (t *Table) Size() int64

Size is its file size in bytes

func (*Table) Smallest 

func (t *Table) Smallest() []byte

Smallest is its smallest key, or nil if there are none

func (*Table) StaleDataSize 

func (t *Table) StaleDataSize() uint32

StaleDataSize is the amount of stale data (that can be dropped by a compaction )in this SST.

func (*Table) UncompressedSize 

func (t *Table) UncompressedSize() uint32

UncompressedSize is the size uncompressed data stored in this file.

func (*Table) VerifyChecksum 

func (t *Table) VerifyChecksum() error

VerifyChecksum verifies checksum for all blocks of table. This function is called by OpenTable() function. This function is also called inside levelsController.VerifyChecksum().

type TableInterface 

type TableInterface interface {
	Smallest() []byte
	Biggest() []byte
	DoesNotHave(hash uint32) bool
	MaxVersion() uint64
}

TableInterface is useful for testing.

Source Files

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