context

package
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 Go to latest Published: Jul 25, 2018 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 33 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	// ContentTypeHeaderKey is the header key of "Content-Type".
	ContentTypeHeaderKey = "Content-Type"

	// LastModifiedHeaderKey is the header key of "Last-Modified".
	LastModifiedHeaderKey = "Last-Modified"
	// IfModifiedSinceHeaderKey is the header key of "If-Modified-Since".
	IfModifiedSinceHeaderKey = "If-Modified-Since"
	// CacheControlHeaderKey is the header key of "Cache-Control".
	CacheControlHeaderKey = "Cache-Control"
	// ETagHeaderKey is the header key of "ETag".
	ETagHeaderKey = "ETag"

	// ContentDispositionHeaderKey is the header key of "Content-Disposition".
	ContentDispositionHeaderKey = "Content-Disposition"
	// ContentLengthHeaderKey is the header key of "Content-Length"
	ContentLengthHeaderKey = "Content-Length"
	// ContentEncodingHeaderKey is the header key of "Content-Encoding".
	ContentEncodingHeaderKey = "Content-Encoding"
	// GzipHeaderValue is the header value of "gzip".
	GzipHeaderValue = "gzip"
	// AcceptEncodingHeaderKey is the header key of "Accept-Encoding".
	AcceptEncodingHeaderKey = "Accept-Encoding"
	// VaryHeaderKey is the header key of "Vary".
	VaryHeaderKey = "Vary"
)
View Source 
const (
	// ContentBinaryHeaderValue header value for binary data.
	ContentBinaryHeaderValue = "application/octet-stream"
	// ContentHTMLHeaderValue is the  string of text/html response header's content type value.
	ContentHTMLHeaderValue = "text/html"
	// ContentJSONHeaderValue header value for JSON data.
	ContentJSONHeaderValue = "application/json"
	// ContentJavascriptHeaderValue header value for JSONP & Javascript data.
	ContentJavascriptHeaderValue = "application/javascript"
	// ContentTextHeaderValue header value for Text data.
	ContentTextHeaderValue = "text/plain"
	// ContentXMLHeaderValue header value for XML data.
	ContentXMLHeaderValue = "text/xml"
	// ContentMarkdownHeaderValue custom key/content type, the real is the text/html.
	ContentMarkdownHeaderValue = "text/markdown"
	// ContentYAMLHeaderValue header value for YAML data.
	ContentYAMLHeaderValue = "application/x-yaml"
)
View Source 
const (

	// NoWritten !=-1 => when nothing written before
	NoWritten = -1
	// StatusCodeWritten != 0 =>  when only status code written
	StatusCodeWritten = 0
)
View Source 
const (
	// NoLayout to disable layout for a particular template file
	NoLayout = "iris.nolayout"
)

Variables

View Source 
var DefaultJSONOptions = JSON{}

DefaultJSONOptions is the optional settings that are being used inside `ctx.JSON`.

View Source 
var DefaultJSONPOptions = JSONP{}

DefaultJSONPOptions is the optional settings that are being used inside `ctx.JSONP`.

View Source 
var DefaultMarkdownOptions = Markdown{}

DefaultMarkdownOptions is the optional settings that are being used from `WriteMarkdown` and `ctx.Markdown`.

View Source 
var DefaultXMLOptions = XML{}

DefaultXMLOptions is the optional settings that are being used from `ctx.XML`.

View Source 
var ErrPushNotSupported = errors.New("push feature is not supported by this ResponseWriter")

ErrPushNotSupported is returned by the Push method to indicate that HTTP/2 Push support is not available.

View Source 
var FormatTime = func(ctx Context, t time.Time) string {
	return t.Format(ctx.Application().ConfigurationReadOnly().GetTimeFormat())
}

FormatTime returns a textual representation of the time value formatted according to the Application's configuration's TimeFormat field which defines the format.

Look `context#ParseTime` for the opossite operation (string to Time).

View Source 
var Gzip = func(ctx Context) {
	ctx.Gzip(true)
	ctx.Next()
}

Gzip is a middleware which enables writing using gzip compression, if client supports.

View Source 
var LimitRequestBodySize = func(maxRequestBodySizeBytes int64) Handler {
	return func(ctx Context) {
		ctx.SetMaxRequestBodySize(maxRequestBodySizeBytes)
		ctx.Next()
	}
}

LimitRequestBodySize is a middleware which sets a request body size limit for all next handlers in the chain.

View Source 
var Next = DefaultNext

Next is the function that executed when `ctx.Next()` is called. It can be changed to a customized one if needed (very advanced usage).

See `DefaultNext` for more information about this and why it's exported like this.

View Source 
var ParseTime = func(ctx Context, text string) (t time.Time, err error) {
	t, err = time.Parse(ctx.Application().ConfigurationReadOnly().GetTimeFormat(), text)
	if err != nil {
		return http.ParseTime(text)
	}

	return
}

ParseTime parses a time header (such as the Date: header), trying each forth formats (or three if Application's configuration's TimeFormat is defaulted) that are allowed by HTTP/1.1: Application's configuration's TimeFormat or/and http.TimeFormat, time.RFC850, and time.ANSIC.

Look `context#FormatTime` for the opossite operation (Time to string).

View Source 
var Recorder = func(ctx Context) {
	ctx.Record()
	ctx.Next()
}

Recorder the middleware to enable response writer recording ( ResponseWriter -> ResponseRecorder)

View Source 
var RequestTransactionScope = TransactionScopeFunc(func(maybeErr TransactionErrResult, ctx Context) bool {
	if maybeErr.IsFailure() {

		ctx.ResponseWriter().SetBeforeFlush(func() {

			w := ctx.ResponseWriter().(*ResponseRecorder)
			if maybeErr.Reason != "" {

				w.SetBodyString(maybeErr.Reason)
				w.WriteHeader(maybeErr.StatusCode)
				ctx.ContentType(maybeErr.ContentType)
			} else {

				ctx.StatusCode(maybeErr.StatusCode)
				ctx.StopExecution()
			}
		})

		return false
	}

	return true
})

RequestTransactionScope explanation:

if scope fails (if transaction.IsFailure() == true) then the rest of the context's response (transaction or normal flow) is not written to the client, and an error status code is written instead.

View Source 
var SetCookieKVExpiration = time.Duration(120) * time.Minute

SetCookieKVExpiration is 2 hours by-default you can change it or simple, use the SetCookie for more control.

See `SetCookieKVExpiration` and `CookieExpires` for more.

View Source 
var StatusCodeNotSuccessful = func(statusCode int) bool {
	return statusCode < 200 || statusCode >= 400
}

StatusCodeNotSuccessful defines if a specific "statusCode" is not a valid status code for a successful response. It defaults to < 200 || >= 400

Read more at `iris#DisableAutoFireStatusCode`, `iris/core/router#ErrorCodeHandler` and `iris/core/router#OnAnyErrorCode` for relative information.

Do NOT change it.

It's exported for extreme situations--special needs only, when the Iris server and the client is not following the RFC: https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html

View Source 
var TransientTransactionScope = TransactionScopeFunc(func(maybeErr TransactionErrResult, ctx Context) bool {
	if maybeErr.IsFailure() {
		ctx.Recorder().Reset()
	}
	return true
})

TransientTransactionScope explanation:

independent 'silent' scope, if transaction fails (if transaction.IsFailure() == true) then its response is not written to the real context no error is provided to the user. useful for the most cases.

Functions

func AddGzipHeaders 

func AddGzipHeaders(w ResponseWriter)

AddGzipHeaders just adds the headers "Vary" to "Accept-Encoding" and "Content-Encoding" to "gzip".

func CookieCleanPath 

func CookieCleanPath(c *http.Cookie)

CookieCleanPath is a `CookieOption`. Use it to clear the cookie's Path field, exactly the same as `CookiePath("")`.

func DecodeQuery 

func DecodeQuery(path string) string

DecodeQuery returns the uri parameter as url (string) useful when you want to pass something to a database and be valid to retrieve it via context.Param use it only for special cases, when the default behavior doesn't suits you.

http://www.blooberry.com/indexdot/html/topics/urlencoding.htm it uses just the url.QueryUnescape

func DecodeURL 

func DecodeURL(uri string) string

DecodeURL returns the decoded uri useful when you want to pass something to a database and be valid to retrieve it via context.Param use it only for special cases, when the default behavior doesn't suits you.

http://www.blooberry.com/indexdot/html/topics/urlencoding.htm it uses just the url.Parse

func DefaultNext 

func DefaultNext(ctx Context)

DefaultNext is the default function that executed on each middleware if `ctx.Next()` is called.

DefaultNext calls the next handler from the handlers chain by registration order, it should be used inside a middleware.

It can be changed to a customized one if needed (very advanced usage).

Developers are free to customize the whole or part of the Context's implementation by implementing a new `context.Context` (see https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/custom-context) or by just override the `context.Next` package-level field, `context.DefaultNext` is exported in order to be able for developers to merge your customized version one with the default behavior as well.

func Do 

func Do(ctx Context, handlers Handlers)

Do calls the SetHandlers(handlers) and executes the first handler, handlers should not be empty.

It's used by the router, developers may use that to replace and execute handlers immediately.

func GetHost 

func GetHost(r *http.Request) string

GetHost returns the host part of the current URI.

func HandlerName 

func HandlerName(h Handler) string

HandlerName returns the name, the handler function informations. Same as `context.HandlerName`.

func IsZeroTime 

func IsZeroTime(t time.Time) bool

IsZeroTime reports whether t is obviously unspecified (either zero or Unix()=0).

func LastCapturedContextID 

func LastCapturedContextID() uint64

LastCapturedContextID returns the total number of `context#String` calls.

func WriteJSON 

func WriteJSON(writer io.Writer, v interface{}, options JSON, enableOptimization ...bool) (int, error)

WriteJSON marshals the given interface object and writes the JSON response to the 'writer'. Ignores StatusCode, Gzip, StreamingJSON options.

func WriteJSONP 

func WriteJSONP(writer io.Writer, v interface{}, options JSONP, enableOptimization ...bool) (int, error)

WriteJSONP marshals the given interface object and writes the JSON response to the writer.

func WriteMarkdown 

func WriteMarkdown(writer io.Writer, markdownB []byte, options Markdown) (int, error)

WriteMarkdown parses the markdown to html and writes these contents to the writer.

func WriteXML 

func WriteXML(writer io.Writer, v interface{}, options XML) (int, error)

WriteXML marshals the given interface object and writes the XML response to the writer.

Types

type Application 

type Application interface {
	// ConfigurationReadOnly returns all the available configuration values can be used on a request.
	ConfigurationReadOnly() ConfigurationReadOnly

	// Logger returns the golog logger instance(pointer) that is being used inside the "app".
	Logger() *golog.Logger

	// View executes and write the result of a template file to the writer.
	//
	// Use context.View to render templates to the client instead.
	// Returns an error on failure, otherwise nil.
	View(writer io.Writer, filename string, layout string, bindingData interface{}) error

	// ServeHTTPC is the internal router, it's visible because it can be used for advanced use cases,
	// i.e: routing within a foreign context.
	//
	// It is ready to use after Build state.
	ServeHTTPC(ctx Context)

	// ServeHTTP is the main router handler which calls the .Serve and acquires a new context from the pool.
	//
	// It is ready to use after Build state.
	ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

	// GetRouteReadOnly returns the registered "read-only" route based on its name, otherwise nil.
	// One note: "routeName" should be case-sensitive. Used by the context to get the current route.
	// It returns an interface instead to reduce wrong usage and to keep the decoupled design between
	// the context and the routes.
	//
	// Look core/router/APIBuilder#GetRoute for more.
	GetRouteReadOnly(routeName string) RouteReadOnly

	// FireErrorCode executes an error http status code handler
	// based on the context's status code.
	//
	// If a handler is not already registered,
	// then it creates & registers a new trivial handler on the-fly.
	FireErrorCode(ctx Context)

	// RouteExists reports whether a particular route exists
	// It will search from the current subdomain of context's host, if not inside the root domain.
	RouteExists(ctx Context, method, path string) bool
}

Application is the context's owner. This interface contains the functions that can be used with safety inside a Handler by `context.Application()`.

type BodyDecoder 

type BodyDecoder interface {
	Decode(data []byte) error
}

BodyDecoder is an interface which any struct can implement in order to customize the decode action from ReadJSON and ReadXML

Trivial example of this could be: type User struct { Username string } 

func (u *User) Decode(data []byte) error {
	  return json.Unmarshal(data, u)
}

the 'context.ReadJSON/ReadXML(&User{})' will call the User's Decode option to decode the request body

Note: This is totally optionally, the default decoders for ReadJSON is the encoding/json and for ReadXML is the encoding/xml.

Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http_request/read-custom-per-type/main.go

type ConfigurationReadOnly 

type ConfigurationReadOnly interface {
	// GetVHost returns the non-exported vhost config field.
	//
	// If original addr ended with :443 or :80, it will return the host without the port.
	// If original addr was :https or :http, it will return localhost.
	// If original addr was 0.0.0.0, it will return localhost.
	GetVHost() string

	// GetDisablePathCorrection returns the configuration.DisablePathCorrection,
	// DisablePathCorrection corrects and redirects the requested path to the registered path
	// for example, if /home/ path is requested but no handler for this Route found,
	// then the Router checks if /home handler exists, if yes,
	// (permant)redirects the client to the correct path /home.
	GetDisablePathCorrection() bool

	// GetEnablePathEscape is the configuration.EnablePathEscape,
	// returns true when its escapes the path, the named parameters (if any).
	GetEnablePathEscape() bool

	// GetEnableOptimizations returns whether
	// the application has performance optimizations enabled.
	GetEnableOptimizations() bool

	// GetFireMethodNotAllowed returns the configuration.FireMethodNotAllowed.
	GetFireMethodNotAllowed() bool
	// GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal returns the configuration.GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal,
	// manages the reading behavior of the context's body readers/binders.
	// If returns true then the body consumption by the `context.UnmarshalBody/ReadJSON/ReadXML`
	// is disabled.
	//
	// By-default io.ReadAll` is used to read the body from the `context.Request.Body which is an `io.ReadCloser`,
	// if this field setted to true then a new buffer will be created to read from and the request body.
	// The body will not be changed and existing data before the
	// context.UnmarshalBody/ReadJSON/ReadXML will be not consumed.
	GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal() bool

	// GetDisableAutoFireStatusCode returns the configuration.DisableAutoFireStatusCode.
	// Returns true when the http error status code handler automatic execution turned off.
	GetDisableAutoFireStatusCode() bool

	// GetTimeFormat returns the configuration.TimeFormat,
	// format for any kind of datetime parsing.
	GetTimeFormat() string

	// GetCharset returns the configuration.Charset,
	// the character encoding for various rendering
	// used for templates and the rest of the responses.
	GetCharset() string

	// GetPostMaxMemory returns the maximum configured post data size
	// that a client can send to the server, this differs
	// from the overral request body size which can be modified
	// by the `context#SetMaxRequestBodySize` or `iris#LimitRequestBodySize`.
	//
	// Defaults to 32MB or 32 << 20 if you prefer.
	GetPostMaxMemory() int64

	// GetTranslateLanguageContextKey returns the configuration's TranslateFunctionContextKey value,
	// used for i18n.
	GetTranslateFunctionContextKey() string

	// GetTranslateLanguageContextKey returns the configuration's TranslateLanguageContextKey value,
	// used for i18n.
	GetTranslateLanguageContextKey() string

	// GetViewLayoutContextKey returns the key of the context's user values' key
	// which is being used to set the template
	// layout from a middleware or the main handler.
	// Overrides the parent's or the configuration's.
	GetViewLayoutContextKey() string
	// GetViewDataContextKey returns the key of the context's user values' key
	// which is being used to set the template
	// binding data from a middleware or the main handler.
	GetViewDataContextKey() string

	// GetRemoteAddrHeaders returns the allowed request headers names
	// that can be valid to parse the client's IP based on.
	//
	// Defaults to:
	// "X-Real-Ip":             true,
	// "X-Forwarded-For":       true,
	// "CF-Connecting-IP": false
	//
	// Look `context.RemoteAddr()` for more.
	GetRemoteAddrHeaders() map[string]bool

	// GetOther returns the configuration.Other map.
	GetOther() map[string]interface{}
}

ConfigurationReadOnly can be implemented by Configuration, it's being used inside the Context. All methods that it contains should be "safe" to be called by the context at "serve time". A configuration field may be missing when it's not safe or its useless to be called from a request handler.

type Context 

type Context interface {
	// BeginRequest is executing once for each request
	// it should prepare the (new or acquired from pool) context's fields for the new request.
	//
	// To follow the iris' flow, developer should:
	// 1. reset handlers to nil
	// 2. reset values to empty
	// 3. reset sessions to nil
	// 4. reset response writer to the http.ResponseWriter
	// 5. reset request to the *http.Request
	// and any other optional steps, depends on dev's application type.
	BeginRequest(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
	// EndRequest is executing once after a response to the request was sent and this context is useless or released.
	//
	// To follow the iris' flow, developer should:
	// 1. flush the response writer's result
	// 2. release the response writer
	// and any other optional steps, depends on dev's application type.
	EndRequest()

	// ResponseWriter returns an http.ResponseWriter compatible response writer, as expected.
	ResponseWriter() ResponseWriter
	// ResetResponseWriter should change or upgrade the Context's ResponseWriter.
	ResetResponseWriter(ResponseWriter)

	// Request returns the original *http.Request, as expected.
	Request() *http.Request

	// SetCurrentRouteName sets the route's name internally,
	// in order to be able to find the correct current "read-only" Route when
	// end-developer calls the `GetCurrentRoute()` function.
	// It's being initialized by the Router, if you change that name
	// manually nothing really happens except that you'll get other
	// route via `GetCurrentRoute()`.
	// Instead, to execute a different path
	// from this context you should use the `Exec` function
	// or change the handlers via `SetHandlers/AddHandler` functions.
	SetCurrentRouteName(currentRouteName string)
	// GetCurrentRoute returns the current registered "read-only" route that
	// was being registered to this request's path.
	GetCurrentRoute() RouteReadOnly

	// Do calls the SetHandlers(handlers)
	// and executes the first handler,
	// handlers should not be empty.
	//
	// It's used by the router, developers may use that
	// to replace and execute handlers immediately.
	Do(Handlers)

	// AddHandler can add handler(s)
	// to the current request in serve-time,
	// these handlers are not persistenced to the router.
	//
	// Router is calling this function to add the route's handler.
	// If AddHandler called then the handlers will be inserted
	// to the end of the already-defined route's handler.
	//
	AddHandler(...Handler)
	// SetHandlers replaces all handlers with the new.
	SetHandlers(Handlers)
	// Handlers keeps tracking of the current handlers.
	Handlers() Handlers

	// HandlerIndex sets the current index of the
	// current context's handlers chain.
	// If -1 passed then it just returns the
	// current handler index without change the current index.rns that index, useless return value.
	//
	// Look Handlers(), Next() and StopExecution() too.
	HandlerIndex(n int) (currentIndex int)
	// Proceed is an alternative way to check if a particular handler
	// has been executed and called the `ctx.Next` function inside it.
	// This is useful only when you run a handler inside
	// another handler. It justs checks for before index and the after index.
	//
	// A usecase example is when you want to execute a middleware
	// inside controller's `BeginRequest` that calls the `ctx.Next` inside it.
	// The Controller looks the whole flow (BeginRequest, method handler, EndRequest)
	// as one handler, so `ctx.Next` will not be reflected to the method handler
	// if called from the `BeginRequest`.
	//
	// Although `BeginRequest` should NOT be used to call other handlers,
	// the `BeginRequest` has been introduced to be able to set
	// common data to all method handlers before their execution.
	// Controllers can accept middleware(s) from the MVC's Application's Router as normally.
	//
	// That said let's see an example of `ctx.Proceed`:
	//
	// var authMiddleware = basicauth.New(basicauth.Config{
	// 	Users: map[string]string{
	// 		"admin": "password",
	// 	},
	// })
	//
	// func (c *UsersController) BeginRequest(ctx iris.Context) {
	// 	if !ctx.Proceed(authMiddleware) {
	// 		ctx.StopExecution()
	// 	}
	// }
	// This Get() will be executed in the same handler as `BeginRequest`,
	// internally controller checks for `ctx.StopExecution`.
	// So it will not be fired if BeginRequest called the `StopExecution`.
	// func(c *UsersController) Get() []models.User {
	//	  return c.Service.GetAll()
	//}
	// Alternative way is `!ctx.IsStopped()` if middleware make use of the `ctx.StopExecution()` on failure.
	Proceed(Handler) bool
	// HandlerName returns the current handler's name, helpful for debugging.
	HandlerName() string
	// Next calls all the next handler from the handlers chain,
	// it should be used inside a middleware.
	//
	// Note: Custom context should override this method in order to be able to pass its own context.Context implementation.
	Next()
	// NextOr checks if chain has a next handler, if so then it executes it
	// otherwise it sets a new chain assigned to this Context based on the given handler(s)
	// and executes its first handler.
	//
	// Returns true if next handler exists and executed, otherwise false.
	//
	// Note that if no next handler found and handlers are missing then
	// it sends a Status Not Found (404) to the client and it stops the execution.
	NextOr(handlers ...Handler) bool
	// NextOrNotFound checks if chain has a next handler, if so then it executes it
	// otherwise it sends a Status Not Found (404) to the client and stops the execution.
	//
	// Returns true if next handler exists and executed, otherwise false.
	NextOrNotFound() bool
	// NextHandler returns (it doesn't execute) the next handler from the handlers chain.
	//
	// Use .Skip() to skip this handler if needed to execute the next of this returning handler.
	NextHandler() Handler
	// Skip skips/ignores the next handler from the handlers chain,
	// it should be used inside a middleware.
	Skip()
	// StopExecution if called then the following .Next calls are ignored,
	// as a result the next handlers in the chain will not be fire.
	StopExecution()
	// IsStopped checks and returns true if the current position of the Context is 255,
	// means that the StopExecution() was called.
	IsStopped() bool

	// Params returns the current url's named parameters key-value storage.
	// Named path parameters are being saved here.
	// This storage, as the whole Context, is per-request lifetime.
	Params() *RequestParams

	// Values returns the current "user" storage.
	// Named path parameters and any optional data can be saved here.
	// This storage, as the whole Context, is per-request lifetime.
	//
	// You can use this function to Set and Get local values
	// that can be used to share information between handlers and middleware.
	Values() *memstore.Store
	// Translate is the i18n (localization) middleware's function,
	// it calls the Get("translate") to return the translated value.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/miscellaneous/i18n
	Translate(format string, args ...interface{}) string

	// Method returns the request.Method, the client's http method to the server.
	Method() string
	// Path returns the full request path,
	// escaped if EnablePathEscape config field is true.
	Path() string
	// RequestPath returns the full request path,
	// based on the 'escape'.
	RequestPath(escape bool) string

	// Host returns the host part of the current url.
	Host() string
	// Subdomain returns the subdomain of this request, if any.
	// Note that this is a fast method which does not cover all cases.
	Subdomain() (subdomain string)
	// IsWWW returns true if the current subdomain (if any) is www.
	IsWWW() bool
	// RemoteAddr tries to parse and return the real client's request IP.
	//
	// Based on allowed headers names that can be modified from Configuration.RemoteAddrHeaders.
	//
	// If parse based on these headers fail then it will return the Request's `RemoteAddr` field
	// which is filled by the server before the HTTP handler.
	//
	// Look `Configuration.RemoteAddrHeaders`,
	//      `Configuration.WithRemoteAddrHeader(...)`,
	//      `Configuration.WithoutRemoteAddrHeader(...)` for more.
	RemoteAddr() string
	// GetHeader returns the request header's value based on its name.
	GetHeader(name string) string
	// IsAjax returns true if this request is an 'ajax request'( XMLHttpRequest)
	//
	// There is no a 100% way of knowing that a request was made via Ajax.
	// You should never trust data coming from the client, they can be easily overcome by spoofing.
	//
	// Note that "X-Requested-With" Header can be modified by any client(because of "X-"),
	// so don't rely on IsAjax for really serious stuff,
	// try to find another way of detecting the type(i.e, content type),
	// there are many blogs that describe these problems and provide different kind of solutions,
	// it's always depending on the application you're building,
	// this is the reason why this `IsAjax“ is simple enough for general purpose use.
	//
	// Read more at: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/AJAX
	// and https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/
	IsAjax() bool
	// IsMobile checks if client is using a mobile device(phone or tablet) to communicate with this server.
	// If the return value is true that means that the http client using a mobile
	// device to communicate with the server, otherwise false.
	//
	// Keep note that this checks the "User-Agent" request header.
	IsMobile() bool

	// Header adds a header to the response writer.
	Header(name string, value string)

	// ContentType sets the response writer's header key "Content-Type" to the 'cType'.
	ContentType(cType string)
	// GetContentType returns the response writer's header value of "Content-Type"
	// which may, setted before with the 'ContentType'.
	GetContentType() string

	// GetContentLength returns the request's header value of "Content-Length".
	// Returns 0 if header was unable to be found or its value was not a valid number.
	GetContentLength() int64

	// StatusCode sets the status code header to the response.
	// Look .GetStatusCode too.
	StatusCode(statusCode int)
	// GetStatusCode returns the current status code of the response.
	// Look StatusCode too.
	GetStatusCode() int

	// Redirect sends a redirect response to the client
	// to a specific url or relative path.
	// accepts 2 parameters string and an optional int
	// first parameter is the url to redirect
	// second parameter is the http status should send,
	// default is 302 (StatusFound),
	// you can set it to 301 (Permant redirect)
	// or 303 (StatusSeeOther) if POST method,
	// or StatusTemporaryRedirect(307) if that's nessecery.
	Redirect(urlToRedirect string, statusHeader ...int)

	// URLParam returns true if the url parameter exists, otherwise false.
	URLParamExists(name string) bool
	// URLParamDefault returns the get parameter from a request,
	// if not found then "def" is returned.
	URLParamDefault(name string, def string) string
	// URLParam returns the get parameter from a request, if any.
	URLParam(name string) string
	// URLParamTrim returns the url query parameter with trailing white spaces removed from a request.
	URLParamTrim(name string) string
	// URLParamTrim returns the escaped url query parameter from a request.
	URLParamEscape(name string) string
	// URLParamInt returns the url query parameter as int value from a request,
	// returns -1 and an error if parse failed.
	URLParamInt(name string) (int, error)
	// URLParamIntDefault returns the url query parameter as int value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamIntDefault(name string, def int) int
	// URLParamInt64 returns the url query parameter as int64 value from a request,
	// returns -1 and an error if parse failed.
	URLParamInt64(name string) (int64, error)
	// URLParamInt64Default returns the url query parameter as int64 value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamInt64Default(name string, def int64) int64
	// URLParamFloat64 returns the url query parameter as float64 value from a request,
	// returns -1 and an error if parse failed.
	URLParamFloat64(name string) (float64, error)
	// URLParamFloat64Default returns the url query parameter as float64 value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamFloat64Default(name string, def float64) float64
	// URLParamBool returns the url query parameter as boolean value from a request,
	// returns an error if parse failed or not found.
	URLParamBool(name string) (bool, error)
	// URLParams returns a map of GET query parameters separated by comma if more than one
	// it returns an empty map if nothing found.
	URLParams() map[string]string

	// FormValueDefault returns a single parsed form value by its "name",
	// including both the URL field's query parameters and the POST or PUT form data.
	//
	// Returns the "def" if not found.
	FormValueDefault(name string, def string) string
	// FormValue returns a single parsed form value by its "name",
	// including both the URL field's query parameters and the POST or PUT form data.
	FormValue(name string) string
	// FormValues returns the parsed form data, including both the URL
	// field's query parameters and the POST or PUT form data.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	// `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	//
	// NOTE: A check for nil is necessary.
	FormValues() map[string][]string

	// PostValueDefault returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name".
	//
	// If not found then "def" is returned instead.
	PostValueDefault(name string, def string) string
	// PostValue returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name"
	PostValue(name string) string
	// PostValueTrim returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name",  without trailing spaces.
	PostValueTrim(name string) string
	// PostValueInt returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as int.
	//
	// If not found returns -1 and a non-nil error.
	PostValueInt(name string) (int, error)
	// PostValueIntDefault returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as int.
	//
	// If not found returns or parse errors the "def".
	PostValueIntDefault(name string, def int) int
	// PostValueInt64 returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as float64.
	//
	// If not found returns -1 and a no-nil error.
	PostValueInt64(name string) (int64, error)
	// PostValueInt64Default returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as int64.
	//
	// If not found or parse errors returns the "def".
	PostValueInt64Default(name string, def int64) int64
	// PostValueInt64Default returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as float64.
	//
	// If not found returns -1 and a non-nil error.
	PostValueFloat64(name string) (float64, error)
	// PostValueInt64Default returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as float64.
	//
	// If not found or parse errors returns the "def".
	PostValueFloat64Default(name string, def float64) float64
	// PostValueInt64Default returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as bool.
	//
	// If not found or value is false, then it returns false, otherwise true.
	PostValueBool(name string) (bool, error)
	// PostValues returns all the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name" as a string slice.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	// `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	PostValues(name string) []string
	// FormFile returns the first uploaded file that received from the client.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	//  `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/http_request/upload-file
	FormFile(key string) (multipart.File, *multipart.FileHeader, error)
	// UploadFormFiles uploads any received file(s) from the client
	// to the system physical location "destDirectory".
	//
	// The second optional argument "before" gives caller the chance to
	// modify the *miltipart.FileHeader before saving to the disk,
	// it can be used to change a file's name based on the current request,
	// all FileHeader's options can be changed. You can ignore it if
	// you don't need to use this capability before saving a file to the disk.
	//
	// Note that it doesn't check if request body streamed.
	//
	// Returns the copied length as int64 and
	// a not nil error if at least one new file
	// can't be created due to the operating system's permissions or
	// http.ErrMissingFile if no file received.
	//
	// If you want to receive & accept files and manage them manually you can use the `context#FormFile`
	// instead and create a copy function that suits your needs, the below is for generic usage.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	//  `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	//
	// See `FormFile` to a more controlled to receive a file.
	//
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/http_request/upload-files
	UploadFormFiles(destDirectory string, before ...func(Context, *multipart.FileHeader)) (n int64, err error)

	// NotFound emits an error 404 to the client, using the specific custom error error handler.
	// Note that you may need to call ctx.StopExecution() if you don't want the next handlers
	// to be executed. Next handlers are being executed on iris because you can alt the
	// error code and change it to a more specific one, i.e
	// users := app.Party("/users")
	// users.Done(func(ctx context.Context){ if ctx.StatusCode() == 400 { /*  custom error code for /users */ }})
	NotFound()

	// SetMaxRequestBodySize sets a limit to the request body size
	// should be called before reading the request body from the client.
	SetMaxRequestBodySize(limitOverBytes int64)

	// UnmarshalBody reads the request's body and binds it to a value or pointer of any type.
	// Examples of usage: context.ReadJSON, context.ReadXML.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http_request/read-custom-via-unmarshaler/main.go
	UnmarshalBody(outPtr interface{}, unmarshaler Unmarshaler) error
	// ReadJSON reads JSON from request's body and binds it to a pointer of a value of any json-valid type.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http_request/read-json/main.go
	ReadJSON(jsonObjectPtr interface{}) error
	// ReadXML reads XML from request's body and binds it to a pointer of a value of any xml-valid type.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http_request/read-xml/main.go
	ReadXML(xmlObjectPtr interface{}) error
	// ReadForm binds the formObject  with the form data
	// it supports any kind of struct.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http_request/read-form/main.go
	ReadForm(formObjectPtr interface{}) error

	// Write writes the data to the connection as part of an HTTP reply.
	//
	// If WriteHeader has not yet been called, Write calls
	// WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) before writing the data. If the Header
	// does not contain a Content-Type line, Write adds a Content-Type set
	// to the result of passing the initial 512 bytes of written data to
	// DetectContentType.
	//
	// Depending on the HTTP protocol version and the client, calling
	// Write or WriteHeader may prevent future reads on the
	// Request.Body. For HTTP/1.x requests, handlers should read any
	// needed request body data before writing the response. Once the
	// headers have been flushed (due to either an explicit Flusher.Flush
	// call or writing enough data to trigger a flush), the request body
	// may be unavailable. For HTTP/2 requests, the Go HTTP server permits
	// handlers to continue to read the request body while concurrently
	// writing the response. However, such behavior may not be supported
	// by all HTTP/2 clients. Handlers should read before writing if
	// possible to maximize compatibility.
	Write(body []byte) (int, error)
	// Writef formats according to a format specifier and writes to the response.
	//
	// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
	Writef(format string, args ...interface{}) (int, error)
	// WriteString writes a simple string to the response.
	//
	// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
	WriteString(body string) (int, error)

	// SetLastModified sets the "Last-Modified" based on the "modtime" input.
	// If "modtime" is zero then it does nothing.
	//
	// It's mostly internally on core/router and context packages.
	//
	// Note that modtime.UTC() is being used instead of just modtime, so
	// you don't have to know the internals in order to make that works.
	SetLastModified(modtime time.Time)
	// CheckIfModifiedSince checks if the response is modified since the "modtime".
	// Note that it has nothing to do with server-side caching.
	// It does those checks by checking if the "If-Modified-Since" request header
	// sent by client or a previous server response header
	// (e.g with WriteWithExpiration or StaticEmbedded or Favicon etc.)
	// is a valid one and it's before the "modtime".
	//
	// A check for !modtime && err == nil is necessary to make sure that
	// it's not modified since, because it may return false but without even
	// had the chance to check the client-side (request) header due to some errors,
	// like the HTTP Method is not "GET" or "HEAD" or if the "modtime" is zero
	// or if parsing time from the header failed.
	//
	// It's mostly used internally, e.g. `context#WriteWithExpiration`.
	//
	// Note that modtime.UTC() is being used instead of just modtime, so
	// you don't have to know the internals in order to make that works.
	CheckIfModifiedSince(modtime time.Time) (bool, error)
	// WriteNotModified sends a 304 "Not Modified" status code to the client,
	// it makes sure that the content type, the content length headers
	// and any "ETag" are removed before the response sent.
	//
	// It's mostly used internally on core/router/fs.go and context methods.
	WriteNotModified()
	// WriteWithExpiration like Write but it sends with an expiration datetime
	// which is refreshed every package-level `StaticCacheDuration` field.
	WriteWithExpiration(body []byte, modtime time.Time) (int, error)
	// StreamWriter registers the given stream writer for populating
	// response body.
	//
	// Access to context's and/or its' members is forbidden from writer.
	//
	// This function may be used in the following cases:
	//
	//     * if response body is too big (more than iris.LimitRequestBodySize(if setted)).
	//     * if response body is streamed from slow external sources.
	//     * if response body must be streamed to the client in chunks.
	//     (aka `http server push`).
	//
	// receives a function which receives the response writer
	// and returns false when it should stop writing, otherwise true in order to continue
	StreamWriter(writer func(w io.Writer) bool)

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Body Writers with compression                              |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	// ClientSupportsGzip retruns true if the client supports gzip compression.
	ClientSupportsGzip() bool
	// WriteGzip accepts bytes, which are compressed to gzip format and sent to the client.
	// returns the number of bytes written and an error ( if the client doesn' supports gzip compression)
	// You may re-use this function in the same handler
	// to write more data many times without any troubles.
	WriteGzip(b []byte) (int, error)
	// TryWriteGzip accepts bytes, which are compressed to gzip format and sent to the client.
	// If client does not supprots gzip then the contents are written as they are, uncompressed.
	TryWriteGzip(b []byte) (int, error)
	// GzipResponseWriter converts the current response writer into a response writer
	// which when its .Write called it compress the data to gzip and writes them to the client.
	//
	// Can be also disabled with its .Disable and .ResetBody to rollback to the usual response writer.
	GzipResponseWriter() *GzipResponseWriter
	// Gzip enables or disables (if enabled before) the gzip response writer,if the client
	// supports gzip compression, so the following response data will
	// be sent as compressed gzip data to the client.
	Gzip(enable bool)

	// ViewLayout sets the "layout" option if and when .View
	// is being called afterwards, in the same request.
	// Useful when need to set or/and change a layout based on the previous handlers in the chain.
	//
	// Note that the 'layoutTmplFile' argument can be setted to iris.NoLayout || view.NoLayout
	// to disable the layout for a specific view render action,
	// it disables the engine's configuration's layout property.
	//
	// Look .ViewData and .View too.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view/context-view-data/
	ViewLayout(layoutTmplFile string)
	// ViewData saves one or more key-value pair in order to be passed if and when .View
	// is being called afterwards, in the same request.
	// Useful when need to set or/and change template data from previous hanadlers in the chain.
	//
	// If .View's "binding" argument is not nil and it's not a type of map
	// then these data are being ignored, binding has the priority, so the main route's handler can still decide.
	// If binding is a map or context.Map then these data are being added to the view data
	// and passed to the template.
	//
	// After .View, the data are not destroyed, in order to be re-used if needed (again, in the same request as everything else),
	// to clear the view data, developers can call:
	// ctx.Set(ctx.Application().ConfigurationReadOnly().GetViewDataContextKey(), nil)
	//
	// If 'key' is empty then the value is added as it's (struct or map) and developer is unable to add other value.
	//
	// Look .ViewLayout and .View too.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view/context-view-data/
	ViewData(key string, value interface{})
	// GetViewData returns the values registered by `context#ViewData`.
	// The return value is `map[string]interface{}`, this means that
	// if a custom struct registered to ViewData then this function
	// will try to parse it to map, if failed then the return value is nil
	// A check for nil is always a good practise if different
	// kind of values or no data are registered via `ViewData`.
	//
	// Similarly to `viewData := ctx.Values().Get("iris.viewData")` or
	// `viewData := ctx.Values().Get(ctx.Application().ConfigurationReadOnly().GetViewDataContextKey())`.
	GetViewData() map[string]interface{}
	// View renders a template based on the registered view engine(s).
	// First argument accepts the filename, relative to the view engine's Directory and Extension,
	// i.e: if directory is "./templates" and want to render the "./templates/users/index.html"
	// then you pass the "users/index.html" as the filename argument.
	//
	// The second optional argument can receive a single "view model"
	// that will be binded to the view template if it's not nil,
	// otherwise it will check for previous view data stored by the `ViewData`
	// even if stored at any previous handler(middleware) for the same request.
	//
	// Look .ViewData` and .ViewLayout too.
	//
	// Examples: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view
	View(filename string, optionalViewModel ...interface{}) error

	// Binary writes out the raw bytes as binary data.
	Binary(data []byte) (int, error)
	// Text writes out a string as plain text.
	Text(text string) (int, error)
	// HTML writes out a string as text/html.
	HTML(htmlContents string) (int, error)
	// JSON marshals the given interface object and writes the JSON response.
	JSON(v interface{}, options ...JSON) (int, error)
	// JSONP marshals the given interface object and writes the JSON response.
	JSONP(v interface{}, options ...JSONP) (int, error)
	// XML marshals the given interface object and writes the XML response.
	XML(v interface{}, options ...XML) (int, error)
	// Markdown parses the markdown to html and renders its result to the client.
	Markdown(markdownB []byte, options ...Markdown) (int, error)
	// YAML parses the "v" using the yaml parser and renders its result to the client.
	YAML(v interface{}) (int, error)

	// ServeContent serves content, headers are autoset
	// receives three parameters, it's low-level function, instead you can use .ServeFile(string,bool)/SendFile(string,string)
	//
	//
	// You can define your own "Content-Type" with `context#ContentType`, before this function call.
	//
	// This function doesn't support resuming (by range),
	// use ctx.SendFile or router's `StaticWeb` instead.
	ServeContent(content io.ReadSeeker, filename string, modtime time.Time, gzipCompression bool) error
	// ServeFile serves a file (to send a file, a zip for example to the client you should use the `SendFile` instead)
	// receives two parameters
	// filename/path (string)
	// gzipCompression (bool)
	//
	// You can define your own "Content-Type" with `context#ContentType`, before this function call.
	//
	// This function doesn't support resuming (by range),
	// use ctx.SendFile or router's `StaticWeb` instead.
	//
	// Use it when you want to serve dynamic files to the client.
	ServeFile(filename string, gzipCompression bool) error
	// SendFile sends file for force-download to the client
	//
	// Use this instead of ServeFile to 'force-download' bigger files to the client.
	SendFile(filename string, destinationName string) error

	// SetCookie adds a cookie.
	// Use of the "options" is not required, they can be used to amend the "cookie".
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	SetCookie(cookie *http.Cookie, options ...CookieOption)
	// SetCookieKV adds a cookie, requires the name(string) and the value(string).
	//
	// By default it expires at 2 hours and it's added to the root path,
	// use the `CookieExpires` and `CookiePath` to modify them.
	// Alternatively: ctx.SetCookie(&http.Cookie{...})
	//
	// If you want to set custom the path:
	// ctx.SetCookieKV(name, value, iris.CookiePath("/custom/path/cookie/will/be/stored"))
	//
	// If you want to be visible only to current request path:
	// ctx.SetCookieKV(name, value, iris.CookieCleanPath/iris.CookiePath(""))
	// More:
	//                              iris.CookieExpires(time.Duration)
	//                              iris.CookieHTTPOnly(false)
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	SetCookieKV(name, value string, options ...CookieOption)
	// GetCookie returns cookie's value by it's name
	// returns empty string if nothing was found.
	//
	// If you want more than the value then:
	// cookie, err := ctx.Request().Cookie("name")
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	GetCookie(name string, options ...CookieOption) string
	// RemoveCookie deletes a cookie by it's name and path = "/".
	// Tip: change the cookie's path to the current one by: RemoveCookie("name", iris.CookieCleanPath)
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	RemoveCookie(name string, options ...CookieOption)
	// VisitAllCookies takes a visitor which loops
	// on each (request's) cookies' name and value.
	VisitAllCookies(visitor func(name string, value string))

	// MaxAge returns the "cache-control" request header's value
	// seconds as int64
	// if header not found or parse failed then it returns -1.
	MaxAge() int64

	// Record transforms the context's basic and direct responseWriter to a ResponseRecorder
	// which can be used to reset the body, reset headers, get the body,
	// get & set the status code at any time and more.
	Record()
	// Recorder returns the context's ResponseRecorder
	// if not recording then it starts recording and returns the new context's ResponseRecorder
	Recorder() *ResponseRecorder
	// IsRecording returns the response recorder and a true value
	// when the response writer is recording the status code, body, headers and so on,
	// else returns nil and false.
	IsRecording() (*ResponseRecorder, bool)

	// BeginTransaction starts a scoped transaction.
	//
	// You can search third-party articles or books on how Business Transaction works (it's quite simple, especially here).
	//
	// Note that this is unique and new
	// (=I haver never seen any other examples or code in Golang on this subject, so far, as with the most of iris features...)
	// it's not covers all paths,
	// such as databases, this should be managed by the libraries you use to make your database connection,
	// this transaction scope is only for context's response.
	// Transactions have their own middleware ecosystem also, look iris.go:UseTransaction.
	//
	// See https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/ for more
	BeginTransaction(pipe func(t *Transaction))
	// SkipTransactions if called then skip the rest of the transactions
	// or all of them if called before the first transaction
	SkipTransactions()
	// TransactionsSkipped returns true if the transactions skipped or canceled at all.
	TransactionsSkipped() bool

	// Exec calls the `context/Application#ServeCtx`
	// based on this context but with a changed method and path
	// like it was requested by the user, but it is not.
	//
	// Offline means that the route is registered to the iris and have all features that a normal route has
	// BUT it isn't available by browsing, its handlers executed only when other handler's context call them
	// it can validate paths, has sessions, path parameters and all.
	//
	// You can find the Route by app.GetRoute("theRouteName")
	// you can set a route name as: myRoute := app.Get("/mypath", handler)("theRouteName")
	// that will set a name to the route and returns its RouteInfo instance for further usage.
	//
	// It doesn't changes the global state, if a route was "offline" it remains offline.
	//
	// app.None(...) and app.GetRoutes().Offline(route)/.Online(route, method)
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/route-state
	//
	// User can get the response by simple using rec := ctx.Recorder(); rec.Body()/rec.StatusCode()/rec.Header().
	//
	// Context's Values and the Session are kept in order to be able to communicate via the result route.
	//
	// It's for extreme use cases, 99% of the times will never be useful for you.
	Exec(method, path string)

	// RouteExists reports whether a particular route exists
	// It will search from the current subdomain of context's host, if not inside the root domain.
	RouteExists(method, path string) bool

	// Application returns the iris app instance which belongs to this context.
	// Worth to notice that this function returns an interface
	// of the Application, which contains methods that are safe
	// to be executed at serve-time. The full app's fields
	// and methods are not available here for the developer's safety.
	Application() Application

	// String returns the string representation of this request.
	// Each context has a unique string representation.
	// It can be used for simple debugging scenarios, i.e print context as string.
	//
	// What it returns? A number which declares the length of the
	// total `String` calls per executable application, followed
	// by the remote IP (the client) and finally the method:url.
	String() string
}

Context is the midle-man server's "object" for the clients.

A New context is being acquired from a sync.Pool on each connection. The Context is the most important thing on the iris's http flow.

Developers send responses to the client's request through a Context. Developers get request information from the client's request a Context.

This context is an implementation of the context.Context sub-package. context.Context is very extensible and developers can override its methods if that is actually needed.

func NewContext 

func NewContext(app Application) Context

NewContext returns the default, internal, context implementation. You may use this function to embed the default context implementation to a custom one.

This context is received by the context pool.

type CookieDecoder 

type CookieDecoder func(cookieName string, cookieValue string, v interface{}) error

CookieDecoder should decode the cookie value. Should accept as first argument the cookie name, as second argument the encoded cookie value and as third argument the decoded value ptr. Should return a decoded value or an empty one if decode operation failed. Should return an error if decode operation failed.

Note: Errors are not printed, so you have to know what you're doing, and remember: if you use AES it only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes. You either need to provide exactly that amount or you derive the key from what you type in.

See `CookieEncoder` too.

type CookieEncoder 

type CookieEncoder func(cookieName string, value interface{}) (string, error)

CookieEncoder should encode the cookie value. Should accept as first argument the cookie name and as second argument the cookie value ptr. Should return an encoded value or an empty one if encode operation failed. Should return an error if encode operation failed.

Note: Errors are not printed, so you have to know what you're doing, and remember: if you use AES it only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes. You either need to provide exactly that amount or you derive the key from what you type in.

See `CookieDecoder` too.

type CookieOption 

type CookieOption func(*http.Cookie)

CookieOption is the type of function that is accepted on context's methods like `SetCookieKV`, `RemoveCookie` and `SetCookie` as their (last) variadic input argument to amend the end cookie's form.

Any custom or built'n `CookieOption` is valid, see `CookiePath`, `CookieCleanPath`, `CookieExpires` and `CookieHTTPOnly` for more.

func CookieDecode 

func CookieDecode(decode CookieDecoder) CookieOption

CookieDecode is a `CookieOption`. Provides decoding functionality when retrieving a cookie. Accepts a `CookieDecoder` and sets the cookie's value to the decoded value before return by the `GetCookie`. User of that is the `GetCookie`.

Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/securecookie

func CookieEncode 

func CookieEncode(encode CookieEncoder) CookieOption

CookieEncode is a `CookieOption`. Provides encoding functionality when adding a cookie. Accepts a `CookieEncoder` and sets the cookie's value to the encoded value. Users of that is the `SetCookie` and `SetCookieKV`.

Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/securecookie

func CookieExpires 

func CookieExpires(durFromNow time.Duration) CookieOption

CookieExpires is a `CookieOption`. Use it to change the cookie's Expires and MaxAge fields by passing the lifetime of the cookie.

func CookieHTTPOnly 

func CookieHTTPOnly(httpOnly bool) CookieOption

CookieHTTPOnly is a `CookieOption`. Use it to set the cookie's HttpOnly field to false or true. HttpOnly field defaults to true for `RemoveCookie` and `SetCookieKV`.

func CookiePath 

func CookiePath(path string) CookieOption

CookiePath is a `CookieOption`. Use it to change the cookie's Path field.

type GzipResponseWriter 

type GzipResponseWriter struct {
	ResponseWriter
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

GzipResponseWriter is an upgraded response writer which writes compressed data to the underline ResponseWriter.

It's a separate response writer because iris gives you the ability to "fallback" and "roll-back" the gzip encoding if something went wrong with the response, and write http errors in plain form instead.

func AcquireGzipResponseWriter 

func AcquireGzipResponseWriter() *GzipResponseWriter

AcquireGzipResponseWriter returns a new *GzipResponseWriter from the pool. Releasing is done automatically when request and response is done.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) BeginGzipResponse 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) BeginGzipResponse(underline ResponseWriter)

BeginGzipResponse accepts a ResponseWriter and prepares the new gzip response writer. It's being called per-handler, when caller decide to change the response writer type.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) Disable 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Disable()

Disable turns off the gzip compression for the next .Write's data, if called then the contents are being written in plain form.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) EndResponse 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) EndResponse()

EndResponse called right before the contents of this response writer are flushed to the client.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) FlushResponse 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) FlushResponse()

FlushResponse validates the response headers in order to be compatible with the gzip written data and writes the data to the underline ResponseWriter.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) ResetBody 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) ResetBody()

ResetBody resets the response body.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) Write 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Write(contents []byte) (int, error)

Write prepares the data write to the gzip writer and finally to its underline response writer, returns the uncompressed len(contents).

func (*GzipResponseWriter) WriteNow 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) WriteNow(contents []byte) (int, error)

WriteNow compresses and writes that data to the underline response writer, returns the compressed written len.

Use `WriteNow` instead of `Write` when you need to know the compressed written size before the `FlushResponse`, note that you can't post any new headers after that, so that information is not closed to the handler anymore.

func (*GzipResponseWriter) WriteString 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error)

WriteString prepares the string data write to the gzip writer and finally to its underline response writer, returns the uncompressed len(contents).

func (*GzipResponseWriter) Writef 

func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)

Writef formats according to a format specifier and writes to the response.

Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.

type Handler 

type Handler func(Context)

A Handler responds to an HTTP request. It writes reply headers and data to the Context.ResponseWriter() and then return. Returning signals that the request is finished; it is not valid to use the Context after or concurrently with the completion of the Handler call.

Depending on the HTTP client software, HTTP protocol version, and any intermediaries between the client and the iris server, it may not be possible to read from the Context.Request().Body after writing to the context.ResponseWriter(). Cautious handlers should read the Context.Request().Body first, and then reply.

Except for reading the body, handlers should not modify the provided Context.

If Handler panics, the server (the caller of Handler) assumes that the effect of the panic was isolated to the active request. It recovers the panic, logs a stack trace to the server error log, and hangs up the connection.

type Handlers 

type Handlers []Handler

Handlers is just a type of slice of []Handler.

See `Handler` for more.

type JSON 

type JSON struct {
	// http-specific
	StreamingJSON bool
	// content-specific
	UnescapeHTML bool
	Indent       string
	Prefix       string
}

JSON contains the options for the JSON (Context's) Renderer.

type JSONP 

type JSONP struct {
	// content-specific
	Indent   string
	Callback string
}

JSONP contains the options for the JSONP (Context's) Renderer.

type Map 

type Map map[string]interface{}

Map is just a shortcut of the map[string]interface{}.

type Markdown 

type Markdown struct {
	// content-specific
	Sanitize bool
}

Markdown contains the options for the Markdown (Context's) Renderer.

type Pool 

type Pool struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Pool is the context pool, it's used inside router and the framework by itself.

It's the only one real implementation inside this package because it used widely.

func New 

func New(newFunc func() Context) *Pool

New creates and returns a new context pool.

func (*Pool) Acquire 

func (c *Pool) Acquire(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) Context

Acquire returns a Context from pool. See Release.

func (*Pool) Attach 

func (c *Pool) Attach(newFunc func() Context)

Attach changes the pool's return value Context.

The new Context should explicitly define the `Next()` and `Do(context.Handlers)` functions.

Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/routing/custom-context/method-overriding/main.go

func (*Pool) Release 

func (c *Pool) Release(ctx Context)

Release puts a Context back to its pull, this function releases its resources. See Acquire.

func (*Pool) ReleaseLight 

func (c *Pool) ReleaseLight(ctx Context)

ReleaseLight will just release the object back to the pool, but the clean method is caller's responsibility now, currently this is only used on `SPABuilder`.

type RequestParams 

type RequestParams struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

RequestParams is a key string - value string storage which context's request dynamic path params are being kept. Empty if the route is static.

func (RequestParams) Get 

func (r RequestParams) Get(key string) string

Get returns a path parameter's value based on its route's dynamic path key.

func (RequestParams) GetBool 

func (r RequestParams) GetBool(key string) (bool, error)

GetBool returns the path parameter's value as bool, based on its key. a string which is "1" or "t" or "T" or "TRUE" or "true" or "True" or "0" or "f" or "F" or "FALSE" or "false" or "False". Any other value returns an error.

func (RequestParams) GetDecoded 

func (r RequestParams) GetDecoded(key string) string

GetDecoded returns a path parameter's double-url-query-escaped value based on its route's dynamic path key. same as `GetEscape`.

func (RequestParams) GetEntry 

func (r RequestParams) GetEntry(key string) (memstore.Entry, bool)

GetEntry returns the internal Entry of the memstore based on its "key". If not found then it returns a zero Entry and false.

func (RequestParams) GetEntryAt 

func (r RequestParams) GetEntryAt(index int) (memstore.Entry, bool)

GetEntryAt returns the internal Entry of the memstore based on its index, the stored index by the router. If not found then it returns a zero Entry and false.

func (RequestParams) GetEscape 

func (r RequestParams) GetEscape(key string) string

GetEscape returns a path parameter's double-url-query-escaped value based on its route's dynamic path key.

func (RequestParams) GetFloat64 

func (r RequestParams) GetFloat64(key string) (float64, error)

GetFloat64 returns a path parameter's value based as float64 on its route's dynamic path key.

func (RequestParams) GetInt 

func (r RequestParams) GetInt(key string) (int, error)

GetInt returns the path parameter's value as int, based on its key.

func (RequestParams) GetInt64 

func (r RequestParams) GetInt64(key string) (int64, error)

GetInt64 returns the path paramete's value as int64, based on its key.

func (RequestParams) GetIntUnslashed 

func (r RequestParams) GetIntUnslashed(key string) (int, error)

GetIntUnslashed same as Get but it removes the first slash if found. Usage: Get an id from a wildcard path.

Returns -1 with an error if the parameter couldn't be found.

func (RequestParams) GetTrim 

func (r RequestParams) GetTrim(key string) string

GetTrim returns a path parameter's value without trailing spaces based on its route's dynamic path key.

func (RequestParams) Len 

func (r RequestParams) Len() int

Len returns the full length of the parameters.

func (*RequestParams) Set 

func (r *RequestParams) Set(key, value string)

Set adds a key-value pair to the path parameters values it's being called internally so it shouldn't be used as a local storage by the user, use `ctx.Values()` instead.

func (*RequestParams) Visit 

func (r *RequestParams) Visit(visitor func(key string, value string))

Visit accepts a visitor which will be filled by the key-value params.

type ResponseRecorder 

type ResponseRecorder struct {
	ResponseWriter
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A ResponseRecorder is used mostly by context's transactions in order to record and change if needed the body, status code and headers.

Developers are not limited to manually ask to record a response. To turn on the recorder from a Handler, rec := context.Recorder()

func AcquireResponseRecorder 

func AcquireResponseRecorder() *ResponseRecorder

AcquireResponseRecorder returns a new *AcquireResponseRecorder from the pool. Releasing is done automatically when request and response is done.

func (*ResponseRecorder) BeginRecord 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) BeginRecord(underline ResponseWriter)

BeginRecord accepts its parent ResponseWriter and prepares itself, the response recorder, to record and send response to the client.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Body 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Body() []byte

Body returns the body tracked from the writer so far do not use this for edit.

func (*ResponseRecorder) ClearHeaders 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) ClearHeaders()

ClearHeaders clears all headers, both temp and underline's response writer.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Clone 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Clone() ResponseWriter

Clone returns a clone of this response writer it copies the header, status code, headers and the beforeFlush finally returns a new ResponseRecorder

func (*ResponseRecorder) EndResponse 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) EndResponse()

EndResponse is auto-called when the whole client's request is done, releases the response recorder and its underline ResponseWriter.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Flush 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Flush()

Flush sends any buffered data to the client.

func (*ResponseRecorder) FlushResponse 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) FlushResponse()

FlushResponse the full body, headers and status code to the underline response writer called automatically at the end of each request.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Naive 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Naive() http.ResponseWriter

Naive returns the simple, underline and original http.ResponseWriter that backends this response writer.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Push 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Push(target string, opts *http.PushOptions) error

Push initiates an HTTP/2 server push. This constructs a synthetic request using the given target and options, serializes that request into a PUSH_PROMISE frame, then dispatches that request using the server's request handler. If opts is nil, default options are used.

The target must either be an absolute path (like "/path") or an absolute URL that contains a valid host and the same scheme as the parent request. If the target is a path, it will inherit the scheme and host of the parent request.

The HTTP/2 spec disallows recursive pushes and cross-authority pushes. Push may or may not detect these invalid pushes; however, invalid pushes will be detected and canceled by conforming clients.

Handlers that wish to push URL X should call Push before sending any data that may trigger a request for URL X. This avoids a race where the client issues requests for X before receiving the PUSH_PROMISE for X.

Push returns ErrPushNotSupported if the client has disabled push or if push is not supported on the underlying connection.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Reset 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Reset()

Reset resets the response body, headers and the status code header.

func (*ResponseRecorder) ResetBody 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) ResetBody()

ResetBody resets the response body.

func (*ResponseRecorder) ResetHeaders 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) ResetHeaders()

ResetHeaders sets the headers to the underline's response writer's headers, may empty.

func (*ResponseRecorder) SetBody 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) SetBody(b []byte)

SetBody overrides the body and sets it to a slice of bytes value.

func (*ResponseRecorder) SetBodyString 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) SetBodyString(s string)

SetBodyString overrides the body and sets it to a string value.

func (*ResponseRecorder) Write 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Write(contents []byte) (int, error)

Write Adds the contents to the body reply, it writes the contents temporarily to a value in order to be flushed at the end of the request, this method give us the opportunity to reset the body if needed.

If WriteHeader has not yet been called, Write calls WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) before writing the data. If the Header does not contain a Content-Type line, Write adds a Content-Type set to the result of passing the initial 512 bytes of written data to DetectContentType.

Depending on the HTTP protocol version and the client, calling Write or WriteHeader may prevent future reads on the Request.Body. For HTTP/1.x requests, handlers should read any needed request body data before writing the response. Once the headers have been flushed (due to either an explicit Flusher.Flush call or writing enough data to trigger a flush), the request body may be unavailable. For HTTP/2 requests, the Go HTTP server permits handlers to continue to read the request body while concurrently writing the response. However, such behavior may not be supported by all HTTP/2 clients. Handlers should read before writing if possible to maximize compatibility.

func (*ResponseRecorder) WriteString 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error)

WriteString writes a simple string to the response.

Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered

func (*ResponseRecorder) WriteTo 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) WriteTo(res ResponseWriter)

WriteTo writes a response writer (temp: status code, headers and body) to another response writer

func (*ResponseRecorder) Writef 

func (w *ResponseRecorder) Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)

Writef formats according to a format specifier and writes to the response.

Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.

type ResponseWriter 

type ResponseWriter interface {
	http.ResponseWriter
	http.Flusher
	http.Hijacker
	http.CloseNotifier
	http.Pusher

	// Naive returns the simple, underline and original http.ResponseWriter
	// that backends this response writer.
	Naive() http.ResponseWriter

	// BeginResponse receives an http.ResponseWriter
	// and initialize or reset the response writer's field's values.
	BeginResponse(http.ResponseWriter)

	// EndResponse is the last function which is called right before the server sent the final response.
	//
	// Here is the place which we can make the last checks or do a cleanup.
	EndResponse()

	// Writef formats according to a format specifier and writes to the response.
	//
	// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
	Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)

	// WriteString writes a simple string to the response.
	//
	// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
	WriteString(s string) (n int, err error)

	// StatusCode returns the status code header value.
	StatusCode() int

	// Written should returns the total length of bytes that were being written to the client.
	// In addition iris provides some variables to help low-level actions:
	// NoWritten, means that nothing were written yet and the response writer is still live.
	// StatusCodeWritten, means that status code were written but no other bytes are written to the client, response writer may closed.
	// > 0 means that the reply was written and it's the total number of bytes were written.
	Written() int

	// SetWritten sets manually a value for written, it can be
	// NoWritten(-1) or StatusCodeWritten(0), > 0 means body length which is useless here.
	SetWritten(int)

	// SetBeforeFlush registers the unique callback which called exactly before the response is flushed to the client.
	SetBeforeFlush(cb func())
	// GetBeforeFlush returns (not execute) the before flush callback, or nil if not setted by SetBeforeFlush.
	GetBeforeFlush() func()
	// FlushResponse should be called only once before EndResponse.
	// it tries to send the status code if not sent already
	// and calls the  before flush callback, if any.
	//
	// FlushResponse can be called before EndResponse, but it should
	// be the last call of this response writer.
	FlushResponse()

	// clone returns a clone of this response writer
	// it copies the header, status code, headers and the beforeFlush finally  returns a new ResponseRecorder.
	Clone() ResponseWriter

	// WiteTo writes a response writer (temp: status code, headers and body) to another response writer
	WriteTo(ResponseWriter)
}

ResponseWriter interface is used by the context to serve an HTTP handler to construct an HTTP response.

Note: Only this ResponseWriter is an interface in order to be able for developers to change the response writer of the Context via `context.ResetResponseWriter`. The rest of the response writers implementations (ResponseRecorder & GzipResponseWriter) are coupled to the internal ResponseWriter implementation(*responseWriter).

A ResponseWriter may not be used after the Handler has returned.

func AcquireResponseWriter 

func AcquireResponseWriter() ResponseWriter

AcquireResponseWriter returns a new *ResponseWriter from the pool. Releasing is done automatically when request and response is done.

type RouteReadOnly 

type RouteReadOnly interface {
	// Name returns the route's name.
	Name() string

	// Method returns the route's method.
	Method() string

	// Subdomains returns the route's subdomain.
	Subdomain() string

	// Path returns the route's original registered path.
	Path() string

	// String returns the form of METHOD, SUBDOMAIN, TMPL PATH.
	String() string

	// IsOnline returns true if the route is marked as "online" (state).
	IsOnline() bool

	// StaticPath returns the static part of the original, registered route path.
	// if /user/{id} it will return /user
	// if /user/{id}/friend/{friendid:int} it will return /user too
	// if /assets/{filepath:path} it will return /assets.
	StaticPath() string

	// ResolvePath returns the formatted path's %v replaced with the args.
	ResolvePath(args ...string) string
}

RouteReadOnly allows decoupled access to the current route inside the context.

type Transaction 

type Transaction struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Transaction gives the users the opportunity to code their route handlers cleaner and safier it receives a scope which is decided when to send an error to the user, recover from panics stop the execution of the next transactions and so on...

it's default scope is the TransientTransactionScope which is silently skips the current transaction's response if transaction.Complete accepts a non-empty error.

Create and set custom transactions scopes with transaction.SetScope.

For more information please visit the tests.

func (*Transaction) Complete 

func (t *Transaction) Complete(err error)

Complete completes the transaction rollback and send an error when the error is not empty. The next steps depends on its Scope.

The error can be a type of context.NewTransactionErrResult().

func (*Transaction) Context 

func (t *Transaction) Context() Context

Context returns the current context of the transaction.

func (*Transaction) SetScope 

func (t *Transaction) SetScope(scope TransactionScope)

SetScope sets the current transaction's scope iris.RequestTransactionScope || iris.TransientTransactionScope (default).

type TransactionErrResult 

type TransactionErrResult struct {
	StatusCode int
	// if reason is empty then the already relative registered (custom or not)
	// error will be executed if the scope allows that.
	Reason      string
	ContentType string
}

TransactionErrResult could be named also something like 'MaybeError', it is useful to send it on transaction.Complete in order to execute a custom error mesasge to the user.

in simple words it's just a 'traveler message' between the transaction and its scope. it is totally optional

func NewTransactionErrResult 

func NewTransactionErrResult() TransactionErrResult

NewTransactionErrResult returns a new transaction result with the given error message, it can be empty too, but if not then the transaction's scope is decided what to do with that

func (TransactionErrResult) Error 

func (err TransactionErrResult) Error() string

Error returns the reason given by the user or an empty string

func (TransactionErrResult) IsFailure 

func (err TransactionErrResult) IsFailure() bool

IsFailure returns true if this is an actual error

type TransactionScope 

type TransactionScope interface {
	// EndTransaction returns if can continue to the next transactions or not (false)
	// called after Complete, empty or not empty error
	EndTransaction(maybeErr TransactionErrResult, ctx Context) bool
}

TransactionScope is the manager of the transaction's response, can be resseted and skipped from its parent context or execute an error or skip other transactions

type TransactionScopeFunc 

type TransactionScopeFunc func(maybeErr TransactionErrResult, ctx Context) bool

TransactionScopeFunc the transaction's scope signature

func (TransactionScopeFunc) EndTransaction 

func (tsf TransactionScopeFunc) EndTransaction(maybeErr TransactionErrResult, ctx Context) bool

EndTransaction ends the transaction with a callback to itself, implements the TransactionScope interface

type Unmarshaler 

type Unmarshaler interface {
	Unmarshal(data []byte, outPtr interface{}) error
}

Unmarshaler is the interface implemented by types that can unmarshal any raw data. TIP INFO: Any pointer to a value which implements the BodyDecoder can be override the unmarshaler.

type UnmarshalerFunc 

type UnmarshalerFunc func(data []byte, outPtr interface{}) error

UnmarshalerFunc a shortcut for the Unmarshaler interface

See 'Unmarshaler' and 'BodyDecoder' for more.

Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http_request/read-custom-via-unmarshaler/main.go

func (UnmarshalerFunc) Unmarshal 

func (u UnmarshalerFunc) Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error

Unmarshal parses the X-encoded data and stores the result in the value pointed to by v. Unmarshal uses the inverse of the encodings that Marshal uses, allocating maps, slices, and pointers as necessary.

type XML 

type XML struct {
	// content-specific
	Indent string
	Prefix string
}

XML contains the options for the XML (Context's) Renderer.

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