gitaly

README

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Gitaly is a Git RPC service for handling all the git calls made by GitLab.

To see where it fits in please look at GitLab's architecture.

Project Goals

Fault-tolerant horizontal scaling of Git storage in GitLab, and particularly, on gitlab.com.

This will be achieved by focusing on two areas (in this order):

1. Migrate from repository access via NFS to gitaly-proto, GitLab's new Git RPC protocol
2. Evolve from large Gitaly servers managed as "pets" to smaller Gitaly servers that are "cattle"

Current Status

As of GitLab 11.5, almost all application code accesses Git repositories through Gitaly instead of direct disk access. GitLab.com production no longer uses direct disk access to touch Git repositories; the NFS mounts have been removed.

For performance reasons some RPCs can be performed through NFS still. An effort is made to mitigate performance issues by removing Gitaly N+1. Once that is no longer neccesairy we can conclude the migration project by removing the Git repository storage paths from gitlab-rails's configuration.

In the meantime we are building features according to our roadmap.

If you're interested in seeing how well Gitaly is performing on GitLab.com, we have dashboards!

Overall

By Feature

Installation

Most users won't install Gitaly on its own. It is already included in your GitLab installation.

Gitaly requires Go 1.11 or newer and Ruby 2.5. Run make to download and compile Ruby dependencies, and to compile the Gitaly Go executable.

Gitaly uses git. Version 2.21.0 or higher is required.

Configuration

See configuration documentation.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md.

Name

Gitaly is a tribute to git and the town of Aly. Where the town of Aly has zero inhabitants most of the year we would like to reduce the number of disk operations to zero for most actions. It doesn't hurt that it sounds like Italy, the capital of which is the destination of all roads. All git actions in GitLab end up in Gitaly.

Design

High-level architecture overview:

Edit this diagram directly in Google Drawings

Gitaly clients

As of Q4 2018, the following GitLab components act as Gitaly clients:

• gitlab-rails: the main GitLab Rails application.
• gitlab-shell: for git clone, git push etc. via SSH.
• gitlab-workhorse: for git clone via HTTPS and for slow requests that serve raw Git data. (example)
• gitaly-ssh: for internal Git data transfers between Gitaly servers.
• gitaly-ruby: for RPC's that interact with more than one repository, such as merging a branch.

The clients written in Go (gitlab-shell, gitlab-workhorse, gitaly-ssh) use library code from the gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/client package.

Further reading

More about the project, and its processes is accumulated in the docs.

Distributed Tracing

Gitaly supports distributed tracing through LabKit using OpenTracing APIs.

By default, no tracing implementation is linked into the binary, but different OpenTracing providers can be linked in using build tags/build constraints. This can be done by setting the BUILD_TAGS make variable.

For more details of the supported providers, see LabKit, but as an example, for Jaeger tracing support, include the tags: BUILD_TAGS="tracer_static tracer_static_jaeger".

$ make BUILD_TAGS="tracer_static tracer_static_jaeger"

Once Gitaly is compiled with an opentracing provider, the tracing configuration is configured via the GITLAB_TRACING environment variable.

For example, to configure Jaeger, you could use the following command:

GITLAB_TRACING=opentracing://jaeger ./gitaly config.toml

Presentations

• How Gitaly fits into GitLab, part 6 (video), 2019-03-21 a 1-hour training video for contributors new to GitLab and Gitaly. Topic: how Gitaly creates Git commits on behalf of Git users. Contents: demonstrate how usually Git hooks are run by git-receive-pack, but sometimes by gitaly-ruby. Deep dive into UserCommitFiles: where do those hooks actually get run? A look at UserMerge. How does Gitaly make merge commits. A look at the implementation of the special feature where users are not allowed push to a branch, but are allowed to merge into it.
• How Gitaly fits into GitLab, part 5 (video), 2019-03-21 a 1-hour training video for contributors new to GitLab and Gitaly. Topic: the internal Git replication traffic used to create Merge Requests across forks. Contents: fixing a locally broken Ruby gem C extension by recompiling, demo of how creating a MR across forks causes new commits to suddenly appear in the fork parent repository, deep dive into the FetchSourceBranch RPC, adding debug code to see how address and authentication metadata is passed down to gitaly-ruby, failed attempt to log gitaly-ssh arguments, comparison of gitaly-ssh and gitlab-shell, a Gitaly server can end up making RPC calls to itself.
• How Gitaly fits into GitLab, part 4 (video), 2019-03-14 a 1-hour training video for contributors new to GitLab and Gitaly. Topic: Git HTTP. Contents: intercepting Git HTTP traffic with mitmproxy, overview of Git HTTP clone steps, code walk in gitlab-workhorse and gitlab-ce, investigating internal workhorse API messages used for Git HTTP.
• How Gitaly fits into GitLab, part 3 (video), 2019-03-07 a 1-hour training video for contributors new to GitLab and Gitaly. Topic: Git push. Contents: a closer look at the final stage of git push where the git hooks run and the refs get updated. Interaction between the git hooks and GitLab internal API. The Git object quarantine mechanism. Preview of Git HTTP (to be discussed next time).
• How Gitaly fits into GitLab, part 2 (video), 2019-02-28 a 1-hour training video for contributors new to GitLab and Gitaly. Topic: Git SSH. Contents: what is in a gitaly-proto Repository message, legacy vs hashed storage (repository directories), git clone via SSH, gitlab-shell, authorized_keys and forced commands, what happens during git push.
• How Gitaly fits into GitLab, part 1 (video), 2019-02-21 a 1-hour training video for contributors new to GitLab and Gitaly. Topic: the Gitaly client in gitlab-ce. Contents: overview of GitLab backend processes, gitlab-rails deep dive: Gitaly config in gitlab-rails, SQL data model, overview of how Gitaly calls get made via GitalyClient.call.
• Infrastructure Team Update 2017-05-11
• Gitaly Basics, 2017-05-01
• Git Paris meetup, 2017-02-22 a high-level overview of what our plans are and where we are.