rlp

Documentation

Overview

Package rlp implements the RLP serialization format.

The purpose of RLP (Recursive Linear Prefix) is to encode arbitrarily nested arrays of binary data, and RLP is the main encoding method used to serialize objects in Ethereum. The only purpose of RLP is to encode structure; encoding specific atomic data types (eg. strings, ints, floats) is left up to higher-order protocols; in Ethereum integers must be represented in big endian binary form with no leading zeroes (thus making the integer value zero equivalent to the empty byte array).

RLP values are distinguished by a type tag. The type tag precedes the value in the input stream and defines the size and kind of the bytes that follow.

Index

• Variables
• func CountValues(b []byte) (int, error)
• func Decode(r io.Reader, val interface{}) error
• func DecodeBytes(b []byte, val interface{}) error
• func Encode(w io.Writer, val interface{}) error
• func EncodeToBytes(val interface{}) ([]byte, error)
• func EncodeToReader(val interface{}) (size int, r io.Reader, err error)
• func ListSize(contentSize uint64) uint64
• func SplitList(b []byte) (content, rest []byte, err error)
• func SplitString(b []byte) (content, rest []byte, err error)
• type ByteReader
• type Decoder
• type Encoder
• type Kind
  • func Split(b []byte) (k Kind, content, rest []byte, err error)
  • func (k Kind) String() string
• type RawValue
• type Stream
  • func NewListStream(r io.Reader, len uint64) *Stream
  • func NewStream(r io.Reader, inputLimit uint64) *Stream
  • func (s *Stream) Bool() (bool, error)
  • func (s *Stream) Bytes() ([]byte, error)
  • func (s *Stream) Decode(val interface{}) error
  • func (s *Stream) Kind() (kind Kind, size uint64, err error)
  • func (s *Stream) List() (size uint64, err error)
  • func (s *Stream) ListEnd() error
  • func (s *Stream) Raw() ([]byte, error)
  • func (s *Stream) Reset(r io.Reader, inputLimit uint64)
  • func (s *Stream) Uint() (uint64, error)

Variables

var (
	// EOL is returned when the end of the current list
	// has been reached during streaming.
	EOL = errors.New("rlp: end of list")

	// Actual Errors
	ErrExpectedString   = errors.New("rlp: expected String or Byte")
	ErrExpectedList     = errors.New("rlp: expected List")
	ErrCanonInt         = errors.New("rlp: non-canonical integer format")
	ErrCanonSize        = errors.New("rlp: non-canonical size information")
	ErrElemTooLarge     = errors.New("rlp: element is larger than containing list")
	ErrValueTooLarge    = errors.New("rlp: value size exceeds available input length")
	ErrMoreThanOneValue = errors.New("rlp: input contains more than one value")
)

var (
	// Common encoded values.
	// These are useful when implementing EncodeRLP.
	EmptyString = []byte{0x80}
	EmptyList   = []byte{0xC0}
)

Functions

func CountValues

func CountValues(b []byte) (int, error)

CountValues counts the number of encoded values in b.

func Decode

func Decode(r io.Reader, val interface{}) error

func DecodeBytes

func DecodeBytes(b []byte, val interface{}) error

func Encode

func Encode(w io.Writer, val interface{}) error

Encode writes the RLP encoding of val to w. Note that Encode may perform many small writes in some cases. Consider making w buffered.

Encode uses the following type-dependent encoding rules:

If the type implements the Encoder interface, Encode calls EncodeRLP. This is true even for nil pointers, please see the documentation for Encoder.

To encode a pointer, the value being pointed to is encoded. For nil pointers, Encode will encode the zero value of the type. A nil pointer to a struct type always encodes as an empty RLP list. A nil pointer to an array encodes as an empty list (or empty string if the array has element type byte).

Struct values are encoded as an RLP list of all their encoded public fields. Recursive struct types are supported.

To encode slices and arrays, the elements are encoded as an RLP list of the value's elements. Note that arrays and slices with element type uint8 or byte are always encoded as an RLP string.

A Go string is encoded as an RLP string.

An unsigned integer value is encoded as an RLP string. Zero always encodes as an empty RLP string. Encode also supports *big.Int.

An interface value encodes as the value contained in the interface.

Boolean values are not supported, nor are signed integers, floating point numbers, maps, channels and functions.

func EncodeToBytes

func EncodeToBytes(val interface{}) ([]byte, error)

EncodeToBytes returns the RLP encoding of val. Please see the documentation of Encode for the encoding rules.

func EncodeToReader

func EncodeToReader(val interface{}) (size int, r io.Reader, err error)

EncodeToReader returns a reader from which the RLP encoding of val can be read. The returned size is the total size of the encoded data.

Please see the documentation of Encode for the encoding rules.

func ListSize

func ListSize(contentSize uint64) uint64

ListSize returns the encoded size of an RLP list with the given content size.

func SplitList

func SplitList(b []byte) (content, rest []byte, err error)

SplitList splits b into the content of a list and any remaining bytes after the list.

func SplitString

func SplitString(b []byte) (content, rest []byte, err error)

SplitString splits b into the content of an RLP string and any remaining bytes after the string.

Types

type ByteReader

type ByteReader interface {
	io.Reader
	io.ByteReader
}

ByteReader must be implemented by any input reader for a Stream. It is implemented by e.g. bufio.Reader and bytes.Reader.

type Decoder

type Decoder interface {
	DecodeRLP(*Stream) error
}

Decoder is implemented by types that require custom RLP decoding rules or need to decode into private fields.

The DecodeRLP method should read one value from the given Stream. It is not forbidden to read less or more, but it might be confusing.

type Encoder

type Encoder interface {
	// EncodeRLP should write the RLP encoding of its receiver to w.
	// If the implementation is a pointer method, it may also be
	// called for nil pointers.
	//
	// Implementations should generate valid RLP. The data written is
	// not verified at the moment, but a future version might. It is
	// recommended to write only a single value but writing multiple
	// values or no value at all is also permitted.
	EncodeRLP(io.Writer) error
}

Encoder is implemented by types that require custom encoding rules or want to encode private fields.

type Kind

type Kind int

Kind represents the kind of value contained in an RLP stream.

const (
	Byte Kind = iota
	String
	List
)

func Split

func Split(b []byte) (k Kind, content, rest []byte, err error)

Split returns the content of first RLP value and any bytes after the value as subslices of b.

func (Kind) String

func (k Kind) String() string

type RawValue

type RawValue []byte

RawValue represents an encoded RLP value and can be used to delay RLP decoding or to precompute an encoding. Note that the decoder does not verify whether the content of RawValues is valid RLP.

type Stream

type Stream struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Stream can be used for piecemeal decoding of an input stream. This is useful if the input is very large or if the decoding rules for a type depend on the input structure. Stream does not keep an internal buffer. After decoding a value, the input reader will be positioned just before the type information for the next value.

When decoding a list and the input position reaches the declared length of the list, all operations will return error EOL. The end of the list must be acknowledged using ListEnd to continue reading the enclosing list.

Stream is not safe for concurrent use.

func NewListStream

func NewListStream(r io.Reader, len uint64) *Stream

NewListStream creates a new stream that pretends to be positioned at an encoded list of the given length.

func NewStream

func NewStream(r io.Reader, inputLimit uint64) *Stream

NewStream creates a new decoding stream reading from r.

If r implements the ByteReader interface, Stream will not introduce any buffering.

For non-toplevel values, Stream returns ErrElemTooLarge for values that do not fit into the enclosing list.

Stream supports an optional input limit. If a limit is set, the size of any toplevel value will be checked against the remaining input length. Stream operations that encounter a value exceeding the remaining input length will return ErrValueTooLarge. The limit can be set by passing a non-zero value for inputLimit.

If r is a bytes.Reader or strings.Reader, the input limit is set to the length of r's underlying data unless an explicit limit is provided.

func (*Stream) Bool

func (s *Stream) Bool() (bool, error)

Bool reads an RLP string of up to 1 byte and returns its contents as a boolean. If the input does not contain an RLP string, the returned error will be ErrExpectedString.

func (*Stream) Bytes

func (s *Stream) Bytes() ([]byte, error)

Bytes reads an RLP string and returns its contents as a byte slice. If the input does not contain an RLP string, the returned error will be ErrExpectedString.

func (*Stream) Decode

func (s *Stream) Decode(val interface{}) error

Decode decodes a value and stores the result in the value pointed to by val. Please see the documentation for the Decode function to learn about the decoding rules.

func (*Stream) Kind

func (s *Stream) Kind() (kind Kind, size uint64, err error)

Kind returns the kind and size of the next value in the input stream.

The returned size is the number of bytes that make up the value. For kind == Byte, the size is zero because the value is contained in the type tag.

The first call to Kind will read size information from the input reader and leave it positioned at the start of the actual bytes of the value. Subsequent calls to Kind (until the value is decoded) will not advance the input reader and return cached information.

func (*Stream) List

func (s *Stream) List() (size uint64, err error)

List starts decoding an RLP list. If the input does not contain a list, the returned error will be ErrExpectedList. When the list's end has been reached, any Stream operation will return EOL.

func (*Stream) ListEnd

func (s *Stream) ListEnd() error

ListEnd returns to the enclosing list. The input reader must be positioned at the end of a list.

func (*Stream) Raw

func (s *Stream) Raw() ([]byte, error)

Raw reads a raw encoded value including RLP type information.

func (*Stream) Reset

func (s *Stream) Reset(r io.Reader, inputLimit uint64)

Reset discards any information about the current decoding context and starts reading from r. This method is meant to facilitate reuse of a preallocated Stream across many decoding operations.

If r does not also implement ByteReader, Stream will do its own buffering.

func (*Stream) Uint

func (s *Stream) Uint() (uint64, error)

Uint reads an RLP string of up to 8 bytes and returns its contents as an unsigned integer. If the input does not contain an RLP string, the returned error will be ErrExpectedString.