runtime

package
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 Go to latest Published: Oct 5, 2013 License: BSD-3-Clause, MIT Imports: 1 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Overview

Package runtime contains operations that interact with Go's runtime system, such as functions to control goroutines. It also includes the low-level type information used by the reflect package; see reflect's documentation for the programmable interface to the run-time type system.

Index

Constants

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const Compiler = "llgo"
View Source 
const GOARCH string = theGoarch

GOARCH is the running program's architecture target: 386, amd64, or arm.

View Source 
const GOOS string = theGoos

GOOS is the running program's operating system target: one of darwin, freebsd, linux, and so on.

Variables

View Source 
var MemProfileRate int = 512 * 1024

MemProfileRate controls the fraction of memory allocations that are recorded and reported in the memory profile. The profiler aims to sample an average of one allocation per MemProfileRate bytes allocated.

To include every allocated block in the profile, set MemProfileRate to 1. To turn off profiling entirely, set MemProfileRate to 0.

The tools that process the memory profiles assume that the profile rate is constant across the lifetime of the program and equal to the current value. Programs that change the memory profiling rate should do so just once, as early as possible in the execution of the program (for example, at the beginning of main).

Functions

func BlockProfile 

func BlockProfile(p []BlockProfileRecord) (n int, ok bool)

BlockProfile returns n, the number of records in the current blocking profile. If len(p) >= n, BlockProfile copies the profile into p and returns n, true. If len(p) < n, BlockProfile does not change p and returns n, false.

Most clients should use the runtime/pprof package or the testing package's -test.blockprofile flag instead of calling BlockProfile directly.

func Breakpoint 

func Breakpoint()

Breakpoint() executes a breakpoint trap.

func CPUProfile 

func CPUProfile() []byte

CPUProfile returns the next chunk of binary CPU profiling stack trace data, blocking until data is available. If profiling is turned off and all the profile data accumulated while it was on has been returned, CPUProfile returns nil. The caller must save the returned data before calling CPUProfile again. Most clients should use the runtime/pprof package or the testing package's -test.cpuprofile flag instead of calling CPUProfile directly.

func Caller 

func Caller(skip int) (pc uintptr, file string, line int, ok bool)

Caller reports file and line number information about function invocations on the calling goroutine's stack. The argument skip is the number of stack frames to ascend, with 0 identifying the caller of Caller. (For historical reasons the meaning of skip differs between Caller and Callers.) The return values report the program counter, file name, and line number within the file of the corresponding call. The boolean ok is false if it was not possible to recover the information.

func Callers 

func Callers(skip int, pc []uintptr) (r int)

Callers fills the slice pc with the program counters of function invocations on the calling goroutine's stack. The argument skip is the number of stack frames to skip before recording in pc, with 0 identifying the frame for Callers itself and 1 identifying the caller of Callers. It returns the number of entries written to pc.

func GC 

func GC()

GC runs a garbage collection.

func GOMAXPROCS 

func GOMAXPROCS(n int) int

GOMAXPROCS sets the maximum number of CPUs that can be executing simultaneously and returns the previous setting. If n < 1, it does not change the current setting. The number of logical CPUs on the local machine can be queried with NumCPU. This call will go away when the scheduler improves.

func GOROOT 

func GOROOT() string

GOROOT returns the root of the Go tree. It uses the GOROOT environment variable, if set, or else the root used during the Go build.

func Goexit 

func Goexit()

Goexit terminates the goroutine that calls it. No other goroutine is affected. Goexit runs all deferred calls before terminating the goroutine.

func GoroutineProfile 

func GoroutineProfile(p []StackRecord) (n int, ok bool)

GoroutineProfile returns n, the number of records in the active goroutine stack profile. If len(p) >= n, GoroutineProfile copies the profile into p and returns n, true. If len(p) < n, GoroutineProfile does not change p and returns n, false.

Most clients should use the runtime/pprof package instead of calling GoroutineProfile directly.

func Gosched 

func Gosched()

Gosched yields the processor, allowing other goroutines to run. It does not suspend the current goroutine, so execution resumes automatically.

func LockOSThread 

func LockOSThread()

LockOSThread wires the calling goroutine to its current operating system thread. Until the calling goroutine exits or calls UnlockOSThread, it will always execute in that thread, and no other goroutine can.

func MemProfile 

func MemProfile(p []MemProfileRecord, inuseZero bool) (n int, ok bool)

MemProfile returns n, the number of records in the current memory profile. If len(p) >= n, MemProfile copies the profile into p and returns n, true. If len(p) < n, MemProfile does not change p and returns n, false.

If inuseZero is true, the profile includes allocation records where r.AllocBytes > 0 but r.AllocBytes == r.FreeBytes. These are sites where memory was allocated, but it has all been released back to the runtime.

Most clients should use the runtime/pprof package or the testing package's -test.memprofile flag instead of calling MemProfile directly.

func NumCPU 

func NumCPU() int

NumCPU returns the number of logical CPUs on the local machine.

func NumCgoCall 

func NumCgoCall() int64

NumCgoCall returns the number of cgo calls made by the current process.

func NumGoroutine 

func NumGoroutine() int

NumGoroutine returns the number of goroutines that currently exist.

func ReadMemStats 

func ReadMemStats(m *MemStats)

ReadMemStats populates m with memory allocator statistics.

func SetBlockProfileRate 

func SetBlockProfileRate(rate int)

SetBlockProfileRate controls the fraction of goroutine blocking events that are reported in the blocking profile. The profiler aims to sample an average of one blocking event per rate nanoseconds spent blocked.

To include every blocking event in the profile, pass rate = 1. To turn off profiling entirely, pass rate <= 0.

func SetCPUProfileRate 

func SetCPUProfileRate(hz int)

SetCPUProfileRate sets the CPU profiling rate to hz samples per second. If hz <= 0, SetCPUProfileRate turns off profiling. If the profiler is on, the rate cannot be changed without first turning it off. Most clients should use the runtime/pprof package or the testing package's -test.cpuprofile flag instead of calling SetCPUProfileRate directly.

func SetFinalizer 

func SetFinalizer(x, f interface{})

SetFinalizer sets the finalizer associated with x to f. When the garbage collector finds an unreachable block with an associated finalizer, it clears the association and runs f(x) in a separate goroutine. This makes x reachable again, but now without an associated finalizer. Assuming that SetFinalizer is not called again, the next time the garbage collector sees that x is unreachable, it will free x.

SetFinalizer(x, nil) clears any finalizer associated with x.

The argument x must be a pointer to an object allocated by calling new or by taking the address of a composite literal. The argument f must be a function that takes a single argument of x's type and can have arbitrary ignored return values. If either of these is not true, SetFinalizer aborts the program.

Finalizers are run in dependency order: if A points at B, both have finalizers, and they are otherwise unreachable, only the finalizer for A runs; once A is freed, the finalizer for B can run. If a cyclic structure includes a block with a finalizer, that cycle is not guaranteed to be garbage collected and the finalizer is not guaranteed to run, because there is no ordering that respects the dependencies.

The finalizer for x is scheduled to run at some arbitrary time after x becomes unreachable. There is no guarantee that finalizers will run before a program exits, so typically they are useful only for releasing non-memory resources associated with an object during a long-running program. For example, an os.File object could use a finalizer to close the associated operating system file descriptor when a program discards an os.File without calling Close, but it would be a mistake to depend on a finalizer to flush an in-memory I/O buffer such as a bufio.Writer, because the buffer would not be flushed at program exit.

A single goroutine runs all finalizers for a program, sequentially. If a finalizer must run for a long time, it should do so by starting a new goroutine.

func Stack 

func Stack(buf []byte, all bool) int

Stack formats a stack trace of the calling goroutine into buf and returns the number of bytes written to buf. If all is true, Stack formats stack traces of all other goroutines into buf after the trace for the current goroutine.

func ThreadCreateProfile 

func ThreadCreateProfile(p []StackRecord) (n int, ok bool)

ThreadCreateProfile returns n, the number of records in the thread creation profile. If len(p) >= n, ThreadCreateProfile copies the profile into p and returns n, true. If len(p) < n, ThreadCreateProfile does not change p and returns n, false.

Most clients should use the runtime/pprof package instead of calling ThreadCreateProfile directly.

func UnlockOSThread 

func UnlockOSThread()

UnlockOSThread unwires the calling goroutine from its fixed operating system thread. If the calling goroutine has not called LockOSThread, UnlockOSThread is a no-op.

func Version 

func Version() string

Version returns the Go tree's version string. It is either a sequence number or, when possible, a release tag like "release.2010-03-04". A trailing + indicates that the tree had local modifications at the time of the build.

Types

type BlockProfileRecord 

type BlockProfileRecord struct {
	Count  int64
	Cycles int64
	StackRecord
}

BlockProfileRecord describes blocking events originated at a particular call sequence (stack trace).

type CaseKind 

type CaseKind uint16
const (
	CaseRecv CaseKind = iota
	CaseSend
	CaseDefault
)

type Error 

type Error interface {
	error

	// RuntimeError is a no-op function but
	// serves to distinguish types that are runtime
	// errors from ordinary errors: a type is a
	// runtime error if it has a RuntimeError method.
	RuntimeError()
}

The Error interface identifies a run time error.

type Func 

type Func struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func FuncForPC 

func FuncForPC(pc uintptr) *Func

FuncForPC returns a *Func describing the function that contains the given program counter address, or else nil.

func (*Func) Entry 

func (f *Func) Entry() uintptr

Entry returns the entry address of the function.

func (*Func) FileLine 

func (f *Func) FileLine(pc uintptr) (file string, line int)

FileLine returns the file name and line number of the source code corresponding to the program counter pc. The result will not be accurate if pc is not a program counter within f.

func (*Func) Name 

func (f *Func) Name() string

Name returns the name of the function.

type G 

type G struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

type Hchan 

type Hchan struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

type MemProfileRecord 

type MemProfileRecord struct {
	AllocBytes, FreeBytes     int64       // number of bytes allocated, freed
	AllocObjects, FreeObjects int64       // number of objects allocated, freed
	Stack0                    [32]uintptr // stack trace for this record; ends at first 0 entry
}

A MemProfileRecord describes the live objects allocated by a particular call sequence (stack trace).

func (*MemProfileRecord) InUseBytes 

func (r *MemProfileRecord) InUseBytes() int64

InUseBytes returns the number of bytes in use (AllocBytes - FreeBytes).

func (*MemProfileRecord) InUseObjects 

func (r *MemProfileRecord) InUseObjects() int64

InUseObjects returns the number of objects in use (AllocObjects - FreeObjects).

func (*MemProfileRecord) Stack 

func (r *MemProfileRecord) Stack() []uintptr

Stack returns the stack trace associated with the record, a prefix of r.Stack0.

type MemStats 

type MemStats struct {
	// General statistics.
	Alloc      uint64 // bytes allocated and still in use
	TotalAlloc uint64 // bytes allocated (even if freed)
	Sys        uint64 // bytes obtained from system (should be sum of XxxSys below)
	Lookups    uint64 // number of pointer lookups
	Mallocs    uint64 // number of mallocs
	Frees      uint64 // number of frees

	// Main allocation heap statistics.
	HeapAlloc    uint64 // bytes allocated and still in use
	HeapSys      uint64 // bytes obtained from system
	HeapIdle     uint64 // bytes in idle spans
	HeapInuse    uint64 // bytes in non-idle span
	HeapReleased uint64 // bytes released to the OS
	HeapObjects  uint64 // total number of allocated objects

	// Low-level fixed-size structure allocator statistics.
	//	Inuse is bytes used now.
	//	Sys is bytes obtained from system.
	StackInuse  uint64 // bootstrap stacks
	StackSys    uint64
	MSpanInuse  uint64 // mspan structures
	MSpanSys    uint64
	MCacheInuse uint64 // mcache structures
	MCacheSys   uint64
	BuckHashSys uint64 // profiling bucket hash table

	// Garbage collector statistics.
	NextGC       uint64 // next run in HeapAlloc time (bytes)
	LastGC       uint64 // last run in absolute time (ns)
	PauseTotalNs uint64
	PauseNs      [256]uint64 // most recent GC pause times
	NumGC        uint32
	EnableGC     bool
	DebugGC      bool

	// Per-size allocation statistics.
	// 61 is NumSizeClasses in the C code.
	BySize [61]struct {
		Size    uint32
		Mallocs uint64
		Frees   uint64
	}
}

A MemStats records statistics about the memory allocator.

type Scase 

type Scase struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

type Select 

type Select struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

type StackRecord 

type StackRecord struct {
	Stack0 [32]uintptr // stack trace for this record; ends at first 0 entry
}

A StackRecord describes a single execution stack.

func (*StackRecord) Stack 

func (r *StackRecord) Stack() []uintptr

Stack returns the stack trace associated with the record, a prefix of r.Stack0.

type SudoG 

type SudoG struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

type TypeAssertionError 

type TypeAssertionError struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A TypeAssertionError explains a failed type assertion.

func (*TypeAssertionError) Error 

func (e *TypeAssertionError) Error() string

func (*TypeAssertionError) RuntimeError 

func (*TypeAssertionError) RuntimeError()

type WaitQ 

type WaitQ struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

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