sqlmock

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 Go to latest Published: Feb 1, 2023 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 14 Imported by: 0

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Sql driver mock for Golang

sqlmock is a mock library implementing sql/driver. Which has one and only purpose - to simulate any sql driver behavior in tests, without needing a real database connection. It helps to maintain correct TDD workflow.

  • this library is now complete and stable. (you may not find new changes for this reason)
  • supports concurrency and multiple connections.
  • supports go1.8 Context related feature mocking and Named sql parameters.
  • does not require any modifications to your source code.
  • the driver allows to mock any sql driver method behavior.
  • has strict by default expectation order matching.
  • has no third party dependencies.

NOTE: in v1.2.0 sqlmock.Rows has changed to struct from interface, if you were using any type references to that interface, you will need to switch it to a pointer struct type. Also, sqlmock.Rows were used to implement driver.Rows interface, which was not required or useful for mocking and was removed. Hope it will not cause issues.

Looking for maintainers

I do not have much spare time for this library and willing to transfer the repository ownership to person or an organization motivated to maintain it. Open up a conversation if you are interested. See #230.

Install

go get github.com/DATA-DOG/go-sqlmock

Documentation and Examples

Visit godoc for general examples and public api reference. See .travis.yml for supported go versions. Different use case, is to functionally test with a real database - go-txdb all database related actions are isolated within a single transaction so the database can remain in the same state.

See implementation examples:

Something you may want to test, assuming you use the go-mysql-driver
package main

import (
	"database/sql"

	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func recordStats(db *sql.DB, userID, productID int64) (err error) {
	tx, err := db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	defer func() {
		switch err {
		case nil:
			err = tx.Commit()
		default:
			tx.Rollback()
		}
	}()

	if _, err = tx.Exec("UPDATE products SET views = views + 1"); err != nil {
		return
	}
	if _, err = tx.Exec("INSERT INTO product_viewers (user_id, product_id) VALUES (?, ?)", userID, productID); err != nil {
		return
	}
	return
}

func main() {
	// @NOTE: the real connection is not required for tests
	db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root@/blog")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	if err = recordStats(db, 1 /*some user id*/, 5 /*some product id*/); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}
Tests with sqlmock
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"github.com/DATA-DOG/go-sqlmock"
)

// a successful case
func TestShouldUpdateStats(t *testing.T) {
	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("an error '%s' was not expected when opening a stub database connection", err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	mock.ExpectBegin()
	mock.ExpectExec("UPDATE products").WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))
	mock.ExpectExec("INSERT INTO product_viewers").WithArgs(2, 3).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))
	mock.ExpectCommit()

	// now we execute our method
	if err = recordStats(db, 2, 3); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("error was not expected while updating stats: %s", err)
	}

	// we make sure that all expectations were met
	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("there were unfulfilled expectations: %s", err)
	}
}

// a failing test case
func TestShouldRollbackStatUpdatesOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("an error '%s' was not expected when opening a stub database connection", err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	mock.ExpectBegin()
	mock.ExpectExec("UPDATE products").WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))
	mock.ExpectExec("INSERT INTO product_viewers").
		WithArgs(2, 3).
		WillReturnError(fmt.Errorf("some error"))
	mock.ExpectRollback()

	// now we execute our method
	if err = recordStats(db, 2, 3); err == nil {
		t.Errorf("was expecting an error, but there was none")
	}

	// we make sure that all expectations were met
	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("there were unfulfilled expectations: %s", err)
	}
}

Customize SQL query matching

There were plenty of requests from users regarding SQL query string validation or different matching option. We have now implemented the QueryMatcher interface, which can be passed through an option when calling sqlmock.New or sqlmock.NewWithDSN.

This now allows to include some library, which would allow for example to parse and validate mysql SQL AST. And create a custom QueryMatcher in order to validate SQL in sophisticated ways.

By default, sqlmock is preserving backward compatibility and default query matcher is sqlmock.QueryMatcherRegexp which uses expected SQL string as a regular expression to match incoming query string. There is an equality matcher: QueryMatcherEqual which will do a full case sensitive match.

In order to customize the QueryMatcher, use the following:

	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New(sqlmock.QueryMatcherOption(sqlmock.QueryMatcherEqual))

The query matcher can be fully customized based on user needs. sqlmock will not provide a standard sql parsing matchers, since various drivers may not follow the same SQL standard.

Matching arguments like time.Time

There may be arguments which are of struct type and cannot be compared easily by value like time.Time. In this case sqlmock provides an Argument interface which can be used in more sophisticated matching. Here is a simple example of time argument matching:

type AnyTime struct{}

// Match satisfies sqlmock.Argument interface
func (a AnyTime) Match(v driver.Value) bool {
	_, ok := v.(time.Time)
	return ok
}

func TestAnyTimeArgument(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("an error '%s' was not expected when opening a stub database connection", err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	mock.ExpectExec("INSERT INTO users").
		WithArgs("john", AnyTime{}).
		WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))

	_, err = db.Exec("INSERT INTO users(name, created_at) VALUES (?, ?)", "john", time.Now())
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("error '%s' was not expected, while inserting a row", err)
	}

	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("there were unfulfilled expectations: %s", err)
	}
}

It only asserts that argument is of time.Time type.

Run tests

go test -race

Change Log

  • 2019-04-06 - added functionality to mock a sql MetaData request
  • 2019-02-13 - added go.mod removed the references and suggestions using gopkg.in.
  • 2018-12-11 - added expectation of Rows to be closed, while mocking expected query.
  • 2018-12-11 - introduced an option to provide QueryMatcher in order to customize SQL query matching.
  • 2017-09-01 - it is now possible to expect that prepared statement will be closed, using ExpectedPrepare.WillBeClosed.
  • 2017-02-09 - implemented support for go1.8 features. Rows interface was changed to struct but contains all methods as before and should maintain backwards compatibility. ExpectedQuery.WillReturnRows may now accept multiple row sets.
  • 2016-11-02 - db.Prepare() was not validating expected prepare SQL query. It should still be validated even if Exec or Query is not executed on that prepared statement.
  • 2016-02-23 - added sqlmock.AnyArg() function to provide any kind of argument matcher.
  • 2016-02-23 - convert expected arguments to driver.Value as natural driver does, the change may affect time.Time comparison and will be stricter. See issue.
  • 2015-08-27 - v1 api change, concurrency support, all known issues fixed.
  • 2014-08-16 instead of panic during reflect type mismatch when comparing query arguments - now return error
  • 2014-08-14 added sqlmock.NewErrorResult which gives an option to return driver.Result with errors for interface methods, see issue
  • 2014-05-29 allow to match arguments in more sophisticated ways, by providing an sqlmock.Argument interface
  • 2014-04-21 introduce sqlmock.New() to open a mock database connection for tests. This method calls sql.DB.Ping to ensure that connection is open, see issue. This way on Close it will surely assert if all expectations are met, even if database was not triggered at all. The old way is still available, but it is advisable to call db.Ping manually before asserting with db.Close.
  • 2014-02-14 RowsFromCSVString is now a part of Rows interface named as FromCSVString. It has changed to allow more ways to construct rows and to easily extend this API in future. See issue 1 RowsFromCSVString is deprecated and will be removed in future

Contributions

Feel free to open a pull request. Note, if you wish to contribute an extension to public (exported methods or types) - please open an issue before, to discuss whether these changes can be accepted. All backward incompatible changes are and will be treated cautiously

License

The three clause BSD license

Documentation

Overview

Package sqlmock is a mock library implementing sql driver. Which has one and only purpose - to simulate any sql driver behavior in tests, without needing a real database connection. It helps to maintain correct **TDD** workflow.

It does not require any modifications to your source code in order to test and mock database operations. Supports concurrency and multiple database mocking.

The driver allows to mock any sql driver method behavior.

Package sqlmock is a mock library implementing sql driver. Which has one and only purpose - to simulate any sql driver behavior in tests, without needing a real database connection. It helps to maintain correct **TDD** workflow.

It does not require any modifications to your source code in order to test and mock database operations. Supports concurrency and multiple database mocking.

The driver allows to mock any sql driver method behavior.

Package sqlmock is a mock library implementing sql driver. Which has one and only purpose - to simulate any sql driver behavior in tests, without needing a real database connection. It helps to maintain correct **TDD** workflow.

It does not require any modifications to your source code in order to test and mock database operations. Supports concurrency and multiple database mocking.

The driver allows to mock any sql driver method behavior.

Example 
// Open new mock database
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("error creating mock database")
	return
}
// columns to be used for result
columns := []string{"id", "status"}
// expect transaction begin
mock.ExpectBegin()
// expect query to fetch order, match it with regexp
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT (.+) FROM orders (.+) FOR UPDATE").
	WithArgs(1).
	WillReturnRows(NewRows(columns).AddRow(1, 1))
// expect transaction rollback, since order status is "cancelled"
mock.ExpectRollback()

// run the cancel order function
someOrderID := 1
// call a function which executes expected database operations
err = cancelOrder(db, someOrderID)
if err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	return
}

// ensure all expectations have been met
if err = mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("unmet expectation error: %s", err)
}

Output:

Index

Examples

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var ErrCancelled = errors.New("canceling query due to user request")

ErrCancelled defines an error value, which can be expected in case of such cancellation error.

Functions

func DefaultDsn 

func DefaultDsn() string

func MonitorPingsOption 

func MonitorPingsOption(monitorPings bool) func(*sqlmock) error

MonitorPingsOption determines whether calls to Ping on the driver should be observed and mocked.

If true is passed, we will check these calls were expected. Expectations can be registered using the ExpectPing() method on the mock.

If false is passed or this option is omitted, calls to Ping will not be considered when determining expectations and calls to ExpectPing will have no effect.

func NewErrorResult 

func NewErrorResult(err error) driver.Result

NewErrorResult creates a new sql driver Result which returns an error given for both interface methods

Example 
db, mock, _ := New()
result := NewErrorResult(fmt.Errorf("some error"))
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "^INSERT (.+)").WillReturnResult(result)
res, _ := db.Exec("INSERT something")
_, err := res.LastInsertId()
fmt.Println(err)

Output:

some error

func NewResult 

func NewResult(lastInsertID int64, rowsAffected int64) driver.Result

NewResult creates a new sql driver Result for Exec based query mocks.

func QueryMatcherOption 

func QueryMatcherOption(queryMatcher QueryMatcher) func(*sqlmock) error

QueryMatcherOption allows to customize SQL query matcher and match SQL query strings in more sophisticated ways. The default QueryMatcher is QueryMatcherRegexp.

func ValueConverterOption 

func ValueConverterOption(converter driver.ValueConverter) func(*sqlmock) error

ValueConverterOption allows to create a sqlmock connection with a custom ValueConverter to support drivers with special data types.

Types

type Common 

type Common interface {
	// ExpectClose queues an expectation for this database
	// action to be triggered. the *ExpectedClose allows
	// to mock database response
	ExpectClose() *ExpectedClose

	// ExpectationsWereMet checks whether all queued expectations
	// were met in order. If any of them was not met - an error is returned.
	ExpectationsWereMet() error

	// ExpectPrepare expects Prepare() to be called with expectedSQL query.
	// the *ExpectedPrepare allows to mock database response.
	// Note that you may expect Query() or Exec() on the *ExpectedPrepare
	// statement to prevent repeating expectedSQL
	ExpectPrepare(expectedSQL string) *ExpectedPrepare

	// ExpectBegin expects *sql.DB.Begin to be called.
	// the *ExpectedBegin allows to mock database response
	ExpectBegin() *ExpectedBegin

	// ExpectCommit expects *sql.Tx.Commit to be called.
	// the *ExpectedCommit allows to mock database response
	ExpectCommit() *ExpectedCommit

	// ExpectRollback expects *sql.Tx.Rollback to be called.
	// the *ExpectedRollback allows to mock database response
	ExpectRollback() *ExpectedRollback

	// ExpectPing expected *sql.DB.Ping to be called.
	// the *ExpectedPing allows to mock database response
	//
	// Ping support only exists in the SQL library in Go 1.8 and above.
	// ExpectPing in Go <=1.7 will return an ExpectedPing but not register
	// any expectations.
	//
	// You must enable pings using MonitorPingsOption for this to register
	// any expectations.
	ExpectPing() *ExpectedPing

	// MatchExpectationsInOrder gives an option whether to match all
	// expectations in the order they were set or not.
	//
	// By default it is set to - true. But if you use goroutines
	// to parallelize your query executation, that option may
	// be handy.
	//
	// This option may be turned on anytime during tests. As soon
	// as it is switched to false, expectations will be matched
	// in any order. Or otherwise if switched to true, any unmatched
	// expectations will be expected in order
	MatchExpectationsInOrder(bool)

	// NewRows allows Rows to be created from a
	// sql driver.Value slice or from the CSV string and
	// to be used as sql driver.Rows.
	NewRows(columns []string) *Rows

	ExpectSql(expectedOpt Matcher, expectedSQL string) *ExpectedSql
}

Common interface serves to create expectations for any kind of database action in order to mock and test real database behavior.

type ExpectedBegin 

type ExpectedBegin struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedBegin is used to manage *sql.DB.Begin expectation returned by *Sqlmock.ExpectBegin.

func (*ExpectedBegin) String 

func (e *ExpectedBegin) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedBegin) WillDelayFor 

func (e *ExpectedBegin) WillDelayFor(duration time.Duration) *ExpectedBegin

WillDelayFor allows to specify duration for which it will delay result. May be used together with Context

func (*ExpectedBegin) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedBegin) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedBegin

WillReturnError allows to set an error for *sql.DB.Begin action

type ExpectedClose 

type ExpectedClose struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedClose is used to manage *sql.DB.Close expectation returned by *Sqlmock.ExpectClose.

func (*ExpectedClose) String 

func (e *ExpectedClose) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedClose) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedClose) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedClose

WillReturnError allows to set an error for *sql.DB.Close action

type ExpectedCommit 

type ExpectedCommit struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedCommit is used to manage *sql.Tx.Commit expectation returned by *Sqlmock.ExpectCommit.

func (*ExpectedCommit) String 

func (e *ExpectedCommit) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedCommit) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedCommit) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedCommit

WillReturnError allows to set an error for *sql.Tx.Close action

type ExpectedOperation 

type ExpectedOperation struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func (*ExpectedOperation) String 

func (e *ExpectedOperation) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedOperation) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedOperation) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedOperation

WillReturnError allows to set an error for *sql.DB.Begin action

type ExpectedPing 

type ExpectedPing struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedPing is used to manage *sql.DB.Ping expectations. Returned by *Sqlmock.ExpectPing.

func (*ExpectedPing) String 

func (e *ExpectedPing) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedPing) WillDelayFor 

func (e *ExpectedPing) WillDelayFor(duration time.Duration) *ExpectedPing

WillDelayFor allows to specify duration for which it will delay result. May be used together with Context.

func (*ExpectedPing) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedPing) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedPing

WillReturnError allows to set an error for expected database ping

type ExpectedPrepare 

type ExpectedPrepare struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedPrepare is used to manage *sql.DB.Prepare or *sql.Tx.Prepare expectations. Returned by *Sqlmock.WithPrepare.

func (*ExpectedPrepare) String 

func (e *ExpectedPrepare) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedPrepare) WillBeClosed 

func (e *ExpectedPrepare) WillBeClosed() *ExpectedPrepare

WillBeClosed expects this prepared statement to be closed.

func (*ExpectedPrepare) WillDelayFor 

func (e *ExpectedPrepare) WillDelayFor(duration time.Duration) *ExpectedPrepare

WillDelayFor allows to specify duration for which it will delay result. May be used together with Context

func (*ExpectedPrepare) WillReturnCloseError 

func (e *ExpectedPrepare) WillReturnCloseError(err error) *ExpectedPrepare

WillReturnCloseError allows to set an error for this prepared statement Close action

func (*ExpectedPrepare) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedPrepare) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedPrepare

WillReturnError allows to set an error for the expected *sql.DB.Prepare or *sql.Tx.Prepare action.

type ExpectedRollback 

type ExpectedRollback struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedRollback is used to manage *sql.Tx.Rollback expectation returned by *Sqlmock.ExpectRollback.

func (*ExpectedRollback) String 

func (e *ExpectedRollback) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedRollback) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedRollback) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedRollback

WillReturnError allows to set an error for *sql.Tx.Rollback action

type ExpectedSql 

type ExpectedSql struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ExpectedSql is used to manage *sql.DB.Query, *dql.DB.QueryRow, *sql.Tx.Query, *sql.Tx.QueryRow, *sql.Stmt.Query or *sql.Stmt.QueryRow expectations. Returned by *Sqlmock.ExpectQuery.

func (*ExpectedSql) RowsWillBeClosed 

func (e *ExpectedSql) RowsWillBeClosed() *ExpectedSql

RowsWillBeClosed expects this query rows to be closed.

func (*ExpectedSql) String 

func (e *ExpectedSql) String() string

String returns string representation

func (*ExpectedSql) WillDelayFor 

func (e *ExpectedSql) WillDelayFor(duration time.Duration) *ExpectedSql

WillDelayFor allows to specify duration for which it will delay result. May be used together with Context

func (*ExpectedSql) WillReturnError 

func (e *ExpectedSql) WillReturnError(err error) *ExpectedSql

WillReturnError allows to set an error for expected database query

func (*ExpectedSql) WillReturnResult 

func (e *ExpectedSql) WillReturnResult(result driver.Result) *ExpectedSql

func (*ExpectedSql) WillReturnRows 

func (e *ExpectedSql) WillReturnRows(rows ...*Rows) *ExpectedSql

func (*ExpectedSql) WithArgs 

func (e *ExpectedSql) WithArgs(args ...driver.Value) *ExpectedSql

WithArgs will match given expected args to actual database query arguments. if at least one argument does not match, it will return an error. For specific arguments an sqlmock.Matcher interface can be used to match an argument.

func (*ExpectedSql) WithArgsCheck 

func (e *ExpectedSql) WithArgsCheck(checkArgs func(args []driver.Value) error) *ExpectedSql

WithArgsCheck match sql args

type MatchFunc 

type MatchFunc func(driver.Value) bool

func (MatchFunc) Match 

func (a MatchFunc) Match(v driver.Value) bool

type Matcher 

type Matcher interface {
	Match(driver.Value) bool
}

Matcher interface allows to match any argument in specific way when used with Expected expectations.

func Any 

func Any() Matcher

Any will return an Matcher which can match any kind of arguments.

Useful for time.Time or similar kinds of arguments.

func Exec 

func Exec() Matcher

func Query 

func Query() Matcher

type QueryMatcher 

type QueryMatcher interface {

	// Match expected SQL query string without whitespace to
	// actual SQL.
	Match(expectedSQL, actualSQL string) error
}

QueryMatcher is an SQL query string matcher interface, which can be used to customize validation of SQL query strings. As an example, external library could be used to build and validate SQL ast, columns selected.

sqlmock can be customized to implement a different QueryMatcher configured through an option when sqlmock.New or sqlmock.NewWithDSN is called, default QueryMatcher is QueryMatcherRegexp.

Example 
// configure to use case sensitive SQL query matcher
// instead of default regular expression matcher
db, mock, err := New(QueryMatcherOption(QueryMatcherEqual))
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "title"}).
	AddRow(1, "one").
	AddRow(2, "two")

mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT * FROM users").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users")
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to match expected query")
	return
}
defer rs.Close()

for rs.Next() {
	var id int
	var title string
	rs.Scan(&id, &title)
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", id, "and title:", title)
}

if rs.Err() != nil {
	fmt.Println("got rows error:", rs.Err())
}

Output:

scanned id: 1 and title: one
scanned id: 2 and title: two

var QueryMatcherEqual QueryMatcher = QueryMatcherFunc(func(expectedSQL, actualSQL string) error {
	expect := stripQuery(expectedSQL)
	actual := stripQuery(actualSQL)
	if actual != expect {
		return fmt.Errorf(`actual sql: "%s" does not equal to expected "%s"`, actual, expect)
	}
	return nil
})

QueryMatcherEqual is the SQL query matcher which simply tries a case sensitive match of expected and actual SQL strings without whitespace. 

var QueryMatcherRegexp QueryMatcher = QueryMatcherFunc(func(expectedSQL, actualSQL string) error {
	expect := stripQuery(expectedSQL)
	actual := stripQuery(actualSQL)
	re, err := regexp.Compile(expect)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !re.MatchString(actual) {
		return fmt.Errorf(`could not match actual sql: "%s" with expected regexp "%s"`, actual, re.String())
	}
	return nil
})

QueryMatcherRegexp is the default SQL query matcher used by sqlmock. It parses expectedSQL to a regular expression and attempts to match actualSQL.

type QueryMatcherFunc 

type QueryMatcherFunc func(expectedSQL, actualSQL string) error

QueryMatcherFunc type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary functions as QueryMatcher. If f is a function with the appropriate signature, QueryMatcherFunc(f) is a QueryMatcher that calls f.

func (QueryMatcherFunc) Match 

func (f QueryMatcherFunc) Match(expectedSQL, actualSQL string) error

Match implements the QueryMatcher

type Rows 

type Rows struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Rows is a mocked collection of rows to return for Query result

Example 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "title"}).
	AddRow(1, "one").
	AddRow(2, "two")

mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, _ := db.Query("SELECT")
defer rs.Close()

for rs.Next() {
	var id int
	var title string
	rs.Scan(&id, &title)
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", id, "and title:", title)
}

if rs.Err() != nil {
	fmt.Println("got rows error:", rs.Err())
}

Output:

scanned id: 1 and title: one
scanned id: 2 and title: two
Example (CloseError) 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "title"}).CloseError(fmt.Errorf("close error"))
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, _ := db.Query("SELECT")

// Note: that close will return error only before rows EOF
// that is a default sql package behavior. If you run rs.Next()
// it will handle the error internally and return nil bellow
if err := rs.Close(); err != nil {
	fmt.Println("got error:", err)
}

Output:

got error: close error
Example (CustomDriverValue) 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "null_int"}).
	AddRow(1, 7).
	AddRow(5, sql.NullInt64{Int64: 5, Valid: true}).
	AddRow(2, sql.NullInt64{})

mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, _ := db.Query("SELECT")
defer rs.Close()

for rs.Next() {
	var id int
	var num sql.NullInt64
	rs.Scan(&id, &num)
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", id, "and null int64:", num)
}

if rs.Err() != nil {
	fmt.Println("got rows error:", rs.Err())
}

Output:

scanned id: 1 and null int64: {7 true}
scanned id: 5 and null int64: {5 true}
scanned id: 2 and null int64: {0 false}
Example (ExpectToBeClosed) 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "title"}).AddRow(1, "john")
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows).RowsWillBeClosed()

db.Query("SELECT")

if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
	fmt.Println("got error:", err)
}

Output:

got error: expected query rows to be closed, but it was not: ExpectedSql => expecting Query, QueryContext or QueryRow which:
  - matches sql: 'SELECT'
  - is without arguments
  - should return rows:
    row 0 - [1 john]
Example (RawBytes) 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "binary"}).
	AddRow(1, []byte(`one binary value with some text!`)).
	AddRow(2, []byte(`two binary value with even more text than the first one`))

mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, _ := db.Query("SELECT")
defer rs.Close()

type scanned struct {
	id  int
	raw sql.RawBytes
}
fmt.Println("initial read...")
var ss []scanned
for rs.Next() {
	var s scanned
	rs.Scan(&s.id, &s.raw)
	ss = append(ss, s)
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", s.id, "and raw:", string(s.raw))
}

if rs.Err() != nil {
	fmt.Println("got rows error:", rs.Err())
}

fmt.Println("after reading all...")
for _, s := range ss {
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", s.id, "and raw:", string(s.raw))
}

Output:

initial read...
scanned id: 1 and raw: one binary value with some text!
scanned id: 2 and raw: two binary value with even more text than the first one
after reading all...
scanned id: 1 and raw: ☠☠☠ MEMORY OVERWRITTEN ☠
scanned id: 2 and raw: ☠☠☠ MEMORY OVERWRITTEN ☠☠☠ ☠☠☠ MEMORY
Example (RowError) 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "title"}).
	AddRow(0, "one").
	AddRow(1, "two").
	RowError(1, fmt.Errorf("row error"))
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, _ := db.Query("SELECT")
defer rs.Close()

for rs.Next() {
	var id int
	var title string
	rs.Scan(&id, &title)
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", id, "and title:", title)
}

if rs.Err() != nil {
	fmt.Println("got rows error:", rs.Err())
}

Output:

scanned id: 0 and title: one
got rows error: row error

func NewRows 

func NewRows(columns []string) *Rows

NewRows allows Rows to be created from a sql driver.Value slice or from the CSV string and to be used as sql driver.Rows. Use Sqlmock.NewRows instead if using a custom converter

func (*Rows) AddRow 

func (r *Rows) AddRow(values ...driver.Value) *Rows

AddRow composed from database driver.Value slice return the same instance to perform subsequent actions. Note that the number of values must match the number of columns

func (*Rows) AddRows 

func (r *Rows) AddRows(values ...[]driver.Value) *Rows

AddRows adds multiple rows composed from database driver.Value slice and returns the same instance to perform subsequent actions.

Example 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

values := [][]driver.Value{
	{
		1, "one",
	},
	{
		2, "two",
	},
}

rows := NewRows([]string{"id", "title"}).AddRows(values...)

mock.ExpectSql(nil, "SELECT").WillReturnRows(rows)

rs, _ := db.Query("SELECT")
defer rs.Close()

for rs.Next() {
	var id int
	var title string
	rs.Scan(&id, &title)
	fmt.Println("scanned id:", id, "and title:", title)
}

if rs.Err() != nil {
	fmt.Println("got rows error:", rs.Err())
}

Output:

scanned id: 1 and title: one
scanned id: 2 and title: two

func (*Rows) CloseError 

func (r *Rows) CloseError(err error) *Rows

CloseError allows to set an error which will be returned by rows.Close function.

The close error will be triggered only in cases when rows.Next() EOF was not yet reached, that is a default sql library behavior

func (*Rows) RowError 

func (r *Rows) RowError(row int, err error) *Rows

RowError allows to set an error which will be returned when a given row number is read

type Sqlmock 

type Sqlmock interface {
	// Common Embed common methods
	Common
}

Sqlmock interface for Go 1.8+

Example (Goroutines) 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("failed to open sqlmock database:", err)
}
defer db.Close()

// note this line is important for unordered expectation matching
mock.MatchExpectationsInOrder(false)

result := NewResult(1, 1)

mock.ExpectSql(nil, "^UPDATE one").WithArgs("one").WillReturnResult(result)
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "^UPDATE two").WithArgs("one", "two").WillReturnResult(result)
mock.ExpectSql(nil, "^UPDATE three").WithArgs("one", "two", "three").WillReturnResult(result)

var wg sync.WaitGroup
queries := map[string][]interface{}{
	"one":   {"one"},
	"two":   {"one", "two"},
	"three": {"one", "two", "three"},
}

wg.Add(len(queries))
for table, args := range queries {
	go func(tbl string, a []interface{}) {
		if _, err := db.Exec("UPDATE "+tbl, a...); err != nil {
			fmt.Println("error was not expected:", err)
		}
		wg.Done()
	}(table, args)
}

wg.Wait()

if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
	fmt.Println("there were unfulfilled expectations:", err)
}

Output:

func New 

func New(options ...func(*sqlmock) error) (*sql.DB, Sqlmock, error)

New creates sqlmock database connection and a mock to manage expectations. Accepts options, like ValueConverterOption, to use a ValueConverter from a specific driver. Pings db so that all expectations could be asserted.

Example 
db, mock, err := New()
if err != nil {
	fmt.Println("expected no error, but got:", err)
	return
}
defer db.Close()
// now we can expect operations performed on db
mock.ExpectBegin().WillReturnError(fmt.Errorf("an error will occur on db.Begin() call"))

Output:

func NewWithDSN 

func NewWithDSN(dsn string, options ...func(*sqlmock) error) (*sql.DB, Sqlmock, error)

NewWithDSN creates sqlmock database connection with a specific DSN and a mock to manage expectations. Accepts options, like ValueConverterOption, to use a ValueConverter from a specific driver. Pings db so that all expectations could be asserted.

This method is introduced because of sql abstraction libraries, which do not provide a way to initialize with sql.DB instance. For example GORM library.

Note, it will error if attempted to create with an already used dsn

It is not recommended to use this method, unless you really need it and there is no other way around.

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