topdown

package
v0.10.1 Latest Latest
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 Go to latest Published: Oct 30, 2018 License: Apache-2.0 Imports: 38 Imported by: 189

Documentation

Overview

Package topdown provides low-level query evaluation support.

The topdown implementation is a modified version of the standard top-down evaluation algorithm used in Datalog. References and comprehensions are evaluated eagerly while all other terms are evaluated lazily.

Index

Examples

Constants

View Source 
const (

	// InternalErr represents an unknown evaluation error.
	InternalErr string = "eval_internal_error"

	// CancelErr indicates the evaluation process was cancelled.
	CancelErr string = "eval_cancel_error"

	// ConflictErr indicates a conflict was encountered during evaluation. For
	// instance, a conflict occurs if a rule produces multiple, differing values
	// for the same key in an object. Conflict errors indicate the policy does
	// not account for the data loaded into the policy engine.
	ConflictErr string = "eval_conflict_error"

	// TypeErr indicates evaluation stopped because an expression was applied to
	// a value of an inappropriate type.
	TypeErr string = "eval_type_error"

	// WithMergeErr indicates that the real and replacement data could not be merged.
	WithMergeErr string = "eval_with_merge_error"
)

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func IsCancel added in v0.5.11 

func IsCancel(err error) bool

IsCancel returns true if err was caused by cancellation.

func IsError added in v0.4.5 

func IsError(err error) bool

IsError returns true if the err is an Error.

func PrettyTrace added in v0.2.0 

func PrettyTrace(w io.Writer, trace []*Event)

PrettyTrace pretty prints the trace to the writer.

func RegisterBuiltinFunc 

func RegisterBuiltinFunc(name string, f BuiltinFunc)

RegisterBuiltinFunc adds a new built-in function to the evaluation engine.

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin1 added in v0.4.0 

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin1(name string, fun FunctionalBuiltin1)

RegisterFunctionalBuiltin1 adds a new built-in function to the evaluation engine.

Example 
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"strings"

	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/ast"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/topdown"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/topdown/builtins"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/types"
)

func main() {

	// Rego includes a number of built-in functions ("built-ins") for performing
	// standard operations like string manipulation, regular expression
	// matching, and computing aggregates.
	//
	// This test shows how to add a new built-in to Rego and OPA.

	// Initialize context for the example. Normally the caller would obtain the
	// context from an input parameter or instantiate their own.
	ctx := context.Background()

	// The ast package contains a registry that enumerates the built-ins
	// included in Rego. When adding a new built-in, you must update the
	// registry to include your built-in. Otherwise, the compiler will complain
	// when it encounters your built-in.
	builtin := &ast.Builtin{
		Name: "mybuiltins.upper",
		Decl: types.NewFunction(
			types.Args(types.S),
			types.S,
		),
	}

	ast.RegisterBuiltin(builtin)

	// This is the implementation of the built-in that will be called during
	// query evaluation.
	builtinImpl := func(a ast.Value) (ast.Value, error) {

		str, err := builtins.StringOperand(a, 1)

		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		if str.Equal(ast.String("magic")) {
			// topdown.BuiltinEmpty indicates to the evaluation engine that the
			// expression is false/not defined.
			return nil, topdown.BuiltinEmpty{}
		}

		return ast.String(strings.ToUpper(string(str))), nil
	}

	// See documentation for registering functions that take different numbers
	// of arguments.
	topdown.RegisterFunctionalBuiltin1(builtin.Name, builtinImpl)

	// At this point, the new built-in has been registered and can be used in
	// queries. Our custom built-in converts strings to upper case but is not
	// defined for the input "magic".
	compiler := ast.NewCompiler()
	query, err := compiler.QueryCompiler().Compile(ast.MustParseBody(`mybuiltins.upper("custom", x); not mybuiltins.upper("magic", "MAGIC")`))
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Evaluate the query.
	q := topdown.NewQuery(query).WithCompiler(compiler)

	q.Iter(ctx, func(qr topdown.QueryResult) error {
		fmt.Println("x:", qr[ast.Var("x")])
		return nil
	})

	// If you add a new built-in function to OPA, you should:
	//
	// 1. Update the Language Reference: http://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/language-reference.html.
	// 2. Add an integration test to the topdown package.

}

Output:


x: "CUSTOM"

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin2 added in v0.4.0 

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin2(name string, fun FunctionalBuiltin2)

RegisterFunctionalBuiltin2 adds a new built-in function to the evaluation engine.

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin3 added in v0.4.0 

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin3(name string, fun FunctionalBuiltin3)

RegisterFunctionalBuiltin3 adds a new built-in function to the evaluation engine.

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin4 added in v0.9.2 

func RegisterFunctionalBuiltin4(name string, fun FunctionalBuiltin4)

RegisterFunctionalBuiltin4 adds a new built-in function to the evaluation engine.

Types

type BufferTracer added in v0.2.0 

type BufferTracer []*Event

BufferTracer implements the Tracer interface by simply buffering all events received.

func NewBufferTracer added in v0.2.0 

func NewBufferTracer() *BufferTracer

NewBufferTracer returns a new BufferTracer.

func (*BufferTracer) Enabled added in v0.2.0 

func (b *BufferTracer) Enabled() bool

Enabled always returns true if the BufferTracer is instantiated.

func (*BufferTracer) Trace added in v0.2.0 

func (b *BufferTracer) Trace(evt *Event)

Trace adds the event to the buffer.

type BuiltinContext added in v0.5.11 

type BuiltinContext struct {
	Runtime  *ast.Term      // runtime information on the OPA instance
	Cache    builtins.Cache // built-in function state cache
	Location *ast.Location  // location of built-in call
	Tracer   Tracer         // tracer object for trace() built-in function
	QueryID  uint64         // identifies query being evaluated
	ParentID uint64         // identifies parent of query being evaluated
}

BuiltinContext contains context from the evaluator that may be used by built-in functions.

type BuiltinEmpty added in v0.4.0 

type BuiltinEmpty struct{}

BuiltinEmpty is used to signal that the built-in function evaluated, but the result is undefined so evaluation should not continue.

func (BuiltinEmpty) Error added in v0.4.0 

func (BuiltinEmpty) Error() string

type BuiltinFunc 

type BuiltinFunc func(bctx BuiltinContext, operands []*ast.Term, iter func(*ast.Term) error) error

BuiltinFunc defines an interface for implementing built-in functions. The built-in function is called with the plugged operands from the call (including the output operands.) The implementation should evaluate the operands and invoke the iteraror for each successful/defined output value.

type Cancel added in v0.5.1 

type Cancel interface {
	Cancel()
	Cancelled() bool
}

Cancel defines the interface for cancelling topdown queries. Cancel operations are thread-safe and idempotent.

func NewCancel added in v0.5.1 

func NewCancel() Cancel

NewCancel returns a new Cancel object.

type Error 

type Error struct {
	Code     string        `json:"code"`
	Message  string        `json:"message"`
	Location *ast.Location `json:"location,omitempty"`
}

Error is the error type returned by the Eval and Query functions when an evaluation error occurs.

func (*Error) Error 

func (e *Error) Error() string

type Event added in v0.2.0 

type Event struct {
	Op       Op            // Identifies type of event.
	Node     ast.Node      // Contains AST node relevant to the event.
	QueryID  uint64        // Identifies the query this event belongs to.
	ParentID uint64        // Identifies the parent query this event belongs to.
	Locals   *ast.ValueMap // Contains local variable bindings from the query context.
	Message  string        // Contains message for Note events.
}

Event contains state associated with a tracing event.

func (*Event) Equal added in v0.2.0 

func (evt *Event) Equal(other *Event) bool

Equal returns true if this event is equal to the other event.

func (*Event) HasBody added in v0.2.0 

func (evt *Event) HasBody() bool

HasBody returns true if the Event contains an ast.Body.

func (*Event) HasExpr added in v0.2.0 

func (evt *Event) HasExpr() bool

HasExpr returns true if the Event contains an ast.Expr.

func (*Event) HasRule added in v0.2.0 

func (evt *Event) HasRule() bool

HasRule returns true if the Event contains an ast.Rule.

func (*Event) String added in v0.2.0 

func (evt *Event) String() string

type FunctionalBuiltin1 added in v0.4.0 

type FunctionalBuiltin1 func(op1 ast.Value) (output ast.Value, err error)

FunctionalBuiltin1 defines an interface for simple functional built-ins.

Implement this interface if your built-in function takes one input and produces one output.

If an error occurs, the functional built-in should return a descriptive message. The message should not be prefixed with the built-in name as the framework takes care of this.

type FunctionalBuiltin2 added in v0.4.0 

type FunctionalBuiltin2 func(op1, op2 ast.Value) (output ast.Value, err error)

FunctionalBuiltin2 defines an interface for simple functional built-ins.

Implement this interface if your built-in function takes two inputs and produces one output.

If an error occurs, the functional built-in should return a descriptive message. The message should not be prefixed with the built-in name as the framework takes care of this.

type FunctionalBuiltin3 added in v0.4.0 

type FunctionalBuiltin3 func(op1, op2, op3 ast.Value) (output ast.Value, err error)

FunctionalBuiltin3 defines an interface for simple functional built-ins.

Implement this interface if your built-in function takes three inputs and produces one output.

If an error occurs, the functional built-in should return a descriptive message. The message should not be prefixed with the built-in name as the framework takes care of this.

type FunctionalBuiltin4 added in v0.9.2 

type FunctionalBuiltin4 func(op1, op2, op3, op4 ast.Value) (output ast.Value, err error)

FunctionalBuiltin4 defines an interface for simple functional built-ins.

Implement this interface if your built-in function takes four inputs and produces one output.

If an error occurs, the functional built-in should return a descriptive message. The message should not be prefixed with the built-in name as the framework takes care of this.

type Instrumentation added in v0.7.0 

type Instrumentation struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Instrumentation implements helper functions to instrument query evaluation to diagnose performance issues. Instrumentation may be expensive in some cases, so it is disabled by default.

func NewInstrumentation added in v0.7.0 

func NewInstrumentation(m metrics.Metrics) *Instrumentation

NewInstrumentation returns a new Instrumentation object. Performance diagnostics recorded on this Instrumentation object will stored in m.

type JSONWebToken added in v0.8.2 

type JSONWebToken struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

JSONWebToken represent the 3 parts (header, payload & signature) of 

a JWT in Base64.

type Op added in v0.2.0 

type Op string

Op defines the types of tracing events. 

const (
	// EnterOp is emitted when a new query is about to be evaluated.
	EnterOp Op = "Enter"

	// ExitOp is emitted when a query has evaluated to true.
	ExitOp Op = "Exit"

	// EvalOp is emitted when an expression is about to be evaluated.
	EvalOp Op = "Eval"

	// RedoOp is emitted when an expression, rule, or query is being re-evaluated.
	RedoOp Op = "Redo"

	// SaveOp is emitted when an expression is saved instead of evaluated
	// during partial evaluation.
	SaveOp Op = "Save"

	// FailOp is emitted when an expression evaluates to false.
	FailOp Op = "Fail"

	// NoteOp is emitted when an expression invokes a tracing built-in function.
	NoteOp Op = "Note"

	// IndexOp is emitted during an expression evaluation to represent lookup
	// matches.
	IndexOp Op = "Index"
)

type Query 

type Query struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Query provides a configurable interface for performing query evaluation.

func NewQuery added in v0.5.11 

func NewQuery(query ast.Body) *Query

NewQuery returns a new Query object that can be run.

func (*Query) Iter added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) Iter(ctx context.Context, iter func(QueryResult) error) error

Iter executes the query and invokes the iter function with query results produced by evaluating the query.

Example 
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/ast"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/storage/inmem"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/topdown"
)

func main() {
	// Initialize context for the example. Normally the caller would obtain the
	// context from an input parameter or instantiate their own.
	ctx := context.Background()

	compiler := ast.NewCompiler()

	// Define a dummy query and some data that the query will execute against.
	query, err := compiler.QueryCompiler().Compile(ast.MustParseBody(`data.a[_] = x; x >= 2`))
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	var data map[string]interface{}

	// OPA uses Go's standard JSON library but assumes that numbers have been
	// decoded as json.Number instead of float64. You MUST decode with UseNumber
	// enabled.
	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBufferString(`{"a": [1,2,3,4]}`))
	decoder.UseNumber()

	if err := decoder.Decode(&data); err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Instantiate the policy engine's storage layer.
	store := inmem.NewFromObject(data)

	// Create a new transaction. Transactions allow the policy engine to
	// evaluate the query over a consistent snapshot fo the storage layer.
	txn, err := store.NewTransaction(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	defer store.Abort(ctx, txn)

	// Prepare the evaluation parameters. Evaluation executes against the policy
	// engine's storage. In this case, we seed the storage with a single array
	// of number. Other parameters such as the input, tracing configuration,
	// etc. can be set on the query object.
	q := topdown.NewQuery(query).
		WithCompiler(compiler).
		WithStore(store).
		WithTransaction(txn)

	result := []interface{}{}

	// Execute the query and provide a callback function to accumulate the results.
	err = q.Iter(ctx, func(qr topdown.QueryResult) error {

		// Each variable in the query will have an associated binding.
		x := qr[ast.Var("x")]

		// The bindings are ast.Value types so we will convert to a native Go value here.
		v, err := ast.JSON(x.Value)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		result = append(result, v)
		return nil
	})

	// Inspect the query result.
	fmt.Println("result:", result)
	fmt.Println("err:", err)

}

Output:

result: [2 3 4]
err: <nil>

func (*Query) PartialRun added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) PartialRun(ctx context.Context) (partials []ast.Body, support []*ast.Module, err error)

PartialRun executes partial evaluation on the query with respect to unknown values. Partial evaluation attempts to evaluate as much of the query as possible without requiring values for the unknowns set on the query. The result of partial evaluation is a new set of queries that can be evaluated once the unknown value is known. In addition to new queries, partial evaluation may produce additional support modules that should be used in conjunction with the partially evaluated queries.

Example 
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/ast"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/storage/inmem"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/topdown"
)

func main() {

	// Initialize context for the example. Normally the caller would obtain the
	// context from an input parameter or instantiate their own.
	ctx := context.Background()

	var data map[string]interface{}
	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBufferString(`{
		"roles": [
			{
				"permissions": ["read_bucket"],
				"groups": ["dev", "test", "sre"]
			},
			{
				"permissions": ["write_bucket", "delete_bucket"],
				"groups": ["sre"]
			}
		]
	}`))
	if err := decoder.Decode(&data); err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Instantiate the policy engine's storage layer.
	store := inmem.NewFromObject(data)

	// Create a new transaction. Transactions allow the policy engine to
	// evaluate the query over a consistent snapshot fo the storage layer.
	txn, err := store.NewTransaction(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	defer store.Abort(ctx, txn)

	// Define policy that searches for roles that match input request. If no
	// roles are found, allow is undefined and the caller will reject the
	// request. This is the user supplied policy that OPA will partially
	// evaluate.
	modules := map[string]*ast.Module{
		"authz.rego": ast.MustParseModule(`
			package example

			default allow = false

			allow {
				role = data.roles[i]
				input.group = role.groups[j]
				input.permission = role.permissions[k]
			}
		`),
	}

	// Compile policy.
	compiler := ast.NewCompiler()
	if compiler.Compile(modules); compiler.Failed() {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Construct query and mark the entire input document as partial.
	q := topdown.NewQuery(ast.MustParseBody("data.example.allow = true")).
		WithCompiler(compiler).
		WithUnknowns([]*ast.Term{
			ast.MustParseTerm("input"),
		}).
		WithStore(store).
		WithTransaction(txn)

	// Execute partial evaluation.
	partial, _, err := q.PartialRun(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Show result of partially evaluating the policy.
	fmt.Printf("# partial evaluation result (%d items):\n", len(partial))
	for i := range partial {
		fmt.Println(partial[i])
	}

	// Construct a new policy to contain the result of partial evaluation.
	module := ast.MustParseModule("package partial")

	for i := range partial {
		rule := &ast.Rule{
			Head: &ast.Head{
				Name:  ast.Var("allow"),
				Value: ast.BooleanTerm(true),
			},
			Body:   partial[i],
			Module: module,
		}
		module.Rules = append(module.Rules, rule)
	}

	// Compile the partially evaluated policy with the original policy.
	modules["partial"] = module

	if compiler.Compile(modules); compiler.Failed() {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Test different inputs against partially evaluated policy.
	inputs := []string{
		`{"group": "dev", "permission": "read_bucket"}`,  // allow
		`{"group": "dev", "permission": "write_bucket"}`, // deny
		`{"group": "sre", "permission": "write_bucket"}`, // allow
	}

	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println("# evaluation results:")

	for i := range inputs {

		// Query partially evaluated policy.
		q = topdown.NewQuery(ast.MustParseBody("data.partial.allow = true")).
			WithCompiler(compiler).
			WithStore(store).
			WithTransaction(txn).
			WithInput(ast.MustParseTerm(inputs[i]))

		qrs, err := q.Run(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			// Handle error.
		}

		// Check if input is allowed.
		allowed := len(qrs) == 1

		fmt.Printf("input %d allowed: %v\n", i+1, allowed)
	}

}

Output:


# partial evaluation result (5 items):
"dev" = input.group; "read_bucket" = input.permission
"test" = input.group; "read_bucket" = input.permission
"sre" = input.group; "read_bucket" = input.permission
"sre" = input.group; "write_bucket" = input.permission
"sre" = input.group; "delete_bucket" = input.permission

# evaluation results:
input 1 allowed: true
input 2 allowed: false
input 3 allowed: true

func (*Query) Run added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) Run(ctx context.Context) (QueryResultSet, error)

Run is a wrapper around Iter that accumulates query results and returns them in one shot.

Example 
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/ast"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/storage/inmem"
	"github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/topdown"
)

func main() {
	// Initialize context for the example. Normally the caller would obtain the
	// context from an input parameter or instantiate their own.
	ctx := context.Background()

	compiler := ast.NewCompiler()

	// Define a dummy query and some data that the query will execute against.
	query, err := compiler.QueryCompiler().Compile(ast.MustParseBody(`data.a[_] = x; x >= 2`))
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	var data map[string]interface{}

	// OPA uses Go's standard JSON library but assumes that numbers have been
	// decoded as json.Number instead of float64. You MUST decode with UseNumber
	// enabled.
	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBufferString(`{"a": [1,2,3,4]}`))
	decoder.UseNumber()

	if err := decoder.Decode(&data); err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	// Instantiate the policy engine's storage layer.
	store := inmem.NewFromObject(data)

	// Create a new transaction. Transactions allow the policy engine to
	// evaluate the query over a consistent snapshot fo the storage layer.
	txn, err := store.NewTransaction(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		// Handle error.
	}

	defer store.Abort(ctx, txn)

	// Prepare the evaluation parameters. Evaluation executes against the policy
	// engine's storage. In this case, we seed the storage with a single array
	// of number. Other parameters such as the input, tracing configuration,
	// etc. can be set on the query object.
	q := topdown.NewQuery(query).
		WithCompiler(compiler).
		WithStore(store).
		WithTransaction(txn)

	rs, err := q.Run(ctx)

	// Inspect the query result set.
	fmt.Println("len:", len(rs))
	for i := range rs {
		fmt.Printf("rs[%d][\"x\"]: %v\n", i, rs[i]["x"])
	}
	fmt.Println("err:", err)

}

Output:

len: 3
rs[0]["x"]: 2
rs[1]["x"]: 3
rs[2]["x"]: 4
err: <nil>

func (*Query) WithCancel added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithCancel(cancel Cancel) *Query

WithCancel sets the cancellation object to use for the query. Set this if you need to abort queries based on a deadline. This is optional.

func (*Query) WithCompiler added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithCompiler(compiler *ast.Compiler) *Query

WithCompiler sets the compiler to use for the query.

func (*Query) WithInput added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithInput(input *ast.Term) *Query

WithInput sets the input object to use for the query. References rooted at input will be evaluated against this value. This is optional.

func (*Query) WithInstrumentation added in v0.7.0 

func (q *Query) WithInstrumentation(instr *Instrumentation) *Query

WithInstrumentation sets the instrumentation configuration to enable on the evaluation process. By default, instrumentation is turned off.

func (*Query) WithMetrics added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithMetrics(m metrics.Metrics) *Query

WithMetrics sets the metrics collection to add evaluation metrics to. This is optional.

func (*Query) WithPartialNamespace added in v0.6.0 

func (q *Query) WithPartialNamespace(ns string) *Query

WithPartialNamespace sets the namespace to use for supporting rules generated as part of the partial evaluation process. The ns value must be a valid package path component.

func (*Query) WithRuntime added in v0.10.0 

func (q *Query) WithRuntime(runtime *ast.Term) *Query

WithRuntime sets the runtime data to execute the query with. The runtime data can be returned by the `opa.runtime` built-in function.

func (*Query) WithStore added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithStore(store storage.Store) *Query

WithStore sets the store to use for the query.

func (*Query) WithTracer added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithTracer(tracer Tracer) *Query

WithTracer sets the query tracer to use during evaluation. This is optional.

func (*Query) WithTransaction added in v0.5.11 

func (q *Query) WithTransaction(txn storage.Transaction) *Query

WithTransaction sets the transaction to use for the query. All queries should be performed over a consistent snapshot of the storage layer.

func (*Query) WithUnknowns added in v0.6.0 

func (q *Query) WithUnknowns(terms []*ast.Term) *Query

WithUnknowns sets the initial set of variables or references to treat as unknown during query evaluation. This is required for partial evaluation.

type QueryResult added in v0.2.1 

type QueryResult map[ast.Var]*ast.Term

QueryResult represents a single result returned by a query. The result contains bindings for all variables that appear in the query.

type QueryResultSet added in v0.2.1 

type QueryResultSet []QueryResult

QueryResultSet represents a collection of results returned by a query.

type Tracer 

type Tracer interface {
	Enabled() bool
	Trace(*Event)
}

Tracer defines the interface for tracing in the top-down evaluation engine.

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package builtins contains utilities for implementing built-in functions.
 Package builtins contains utilities for implementing built-in functions.

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