rpc

package
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 Go to latest Published: Aug 26, 2011 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 15 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Overview

Package rpc provides access to the exported methods of an object across a network or other I/O connection. A server registers an object, making it visible as a service with the name of the type of the object. After registration, exported methods of the object will be accessible remotely. A server may register multiple objects (services) of different types but it is an error to register multiple objects of the same type.

Only methods that satisfy these criteria will be made available for remote access; other methods will be ignored:

  • the method name is exported, that is, begins with an upper case letter.
  • the method receiver is exported or local (defined in the package registering the service).
  • the method has two arguments, both exported or local types.
  • the method's second argument is a pointer.
  • the method has return type os.Error.

The method's first argument represents the arguments provided by the caller; the second argument represents the result parameters to be returned to the caller. The method's return value, if non-nil, is passed back as a string that the client sees as an os.ErrorString.

The server may handle requests on a single connection by calling ServeConn. More typically it will create a network listener and call Accept or, for an HTTP listener, HandleHTTP and http.Serve.

A client wishing to use the service establishes a connection and then invokes NewClient on the connection. The convenience function Dial (DialHTTP) performs both steps for a raw network connection (an HTTP connection). The resulting Client object has two methods, Call and Go, that specify the service and method to call, a pointer containing the arguments, and a pointer to receive the result parameters.

Call waits for the remote call to complete; Go launches the call asynchronously and returns a channel that will signal completion.

Package "gob" is used to transport the data.

Here is a simple example. A server wishes to export an object of type Arith: 

package server

type Args struct {
	A, B int
}

type Quotient struct {
	Quo, Rem int
}

type Arith int

func (t *Arith) Multiply(args *Args, reply *int) os.Error {
	*reply = args.A * args.B
	return nil
}

func (t *Arith) Divide(args *Args, quo *Quotient) os.Error {
	if args.B == 0 {
		return os.ErrorString("divide by zero")
	}
	quo.Quo = args.A / args.B
	quo.Rem = args.A % args.B
	return nil
}

The server calls (for HTTP service): 

arith := new(Arith)
rpc.Register(arith)
rpc.HandleHTTP()
l, e := net.Listen("tcp", ":1234")
if e != nil {
	log.Fatal("listen error:", e)
}
go http.Serve(l, nil)

At this point, clients can see a service "Arith" with methods "Arith.Multiply" and "Arith.Divide". To invoke one, a client first dials the server: 

client, err := rpc.DialHTTP("tcp", serverAddress + ":1234")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal("dialing:", err)
}

Then it can make a remote call: 

// Synchronous call
args := &server.Args{7,8}
var reply int
err = client.Call("Arith.Multiply", args, &reply)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal("arith error:", err)
}
fmt.Printf("Arith: %d*%d=%d", args.A, args.B, *reply)

or 

// Asynchronous call
quotient := new(Quotient)
divCall := client.Go("Arith.Divide", args, &quotient, nil)
replyCall := <-divCall.Done	// will be equal to divCall
// check errors, print, etc.

A server implementation will often provide a simple, type-safe wrapper for the client.

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	// Defaults used by HandleHTTP
	DefaultRPCPath   = "/_goRPC_"
	DefaultDebugPath = "/debug/rpc"
)

Variables

View Source 
var DefaultServer = NewServer()

DefaultServer is the default instance of *Server.

View Source 
var ErrShutdown = os.NewError("connection is shut down")

Functions

func Accept 

func Accept(lis net.Listener)

Accept accepts connections on the listener and serves requests to DefaultServer for each incoming connection. Accept blocks; the caller typically invokes it in a go statement.

func HandleHTTP 

func HandleHTTP()

HandleHTTP registers an HTTP handler for RPC messages to DefaultServer on DefaultRPCPath and a debugging handler on DefaultDebugPath. It is still necessary to invoke http.Serve(), typically in a go statement.

func Register 

func Register(rcvr interface{}) os.Error

Register publishes the receiver's methods in the DefaultServer.

func RegisterName 

func RegisterName(name string, rcvr interface{}) os.Error

RegisterName is like Register but uses the provided name for the type instead of the receiver's concrete type.

func ServeCodec 

func ServeCodec(codec ServerCodec)

ServeCodec is like ServeConn but uses the specified codec to decode requests and encode responses.

func ServeConn 

func ServeConn(conn io.ReadWriteCloser)

ServeConn runs the DefaultServer on a single connection. ServeConn blocks, serving the connection until the client hangs up. The caller typically invokes ServeConn in a go statement. ServeConn uses the gob wire format (see package gob) on the connection. To use an alternate codec, use ServeCodec.

func ServeRequest 

func ServeRequest(codec ServerCodec) os.Error

ServeRequest is like ServeCodec but synchronously serves a single request. It does not close the codec upon completion.

Types

type Call 

type Call struct {
	ServiceMethod string      // The name of the service and method to call.
	Args          interface{} // The argument to the function (*struct).
	Reply         interface{} // The reply from the function (*struct).
	Error         os.Error    // After completion, the error status.
	Done          chan *Call  // Strobes when call is complete; value is the error status.
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Call represents an active RPC.

type Client 

type Client struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Client represents an RPC Client. There may be multiple outstanding Calls associated with a single Client.

func Dial 

func Dial(network, address string) (*Client, os.Error)

Dial connects to an RPC server at the specified network address.

func DialHTTP 

func DialHTTP(network, address string) (*Client, os.Error)

DialHTTP connects to an HTTP RPC server at the specified network address listening on the default HTTP RPC path.

func DialHTTPPath 

func DialHTTPPath(network, address, path string) (*Client, os.Error)

DialHTTPPath connects to an HTTP RPC server at the specified network address and path.

func NewClient 

func NewClient(conn io.ReadWriteCloser) *Client

NewClient returns a new Client to handle requests to the set of services at the other end of the connection. It adds a buffer to the write side of the connection so the header and payload are sent as a unit.

func NewClientWithCodec 

func NewClientWithCodec(codec ClientCodec) *Client

NewClientWithCodec is like NewClient but uses the specified codec to encode requests and decode responses.

func (*Client) Call 

func (client *Client) Call(serviceMethod string, args interface{}, reply interface{}) os.Error

Call invokes the named function, waits for it to complete, and returns its error status.

func (*Client) Close 

func (client *Client) Close() os.Error

func (*Client) Go 

func (client *Client) Go(serviceMethod string, args interface{}, reply interface{}, done chan *Call) *Call

Go invokes the function asynchronously. It returns the Call structure representing the invocation. The done channel will signal when the call is complete by returning the same Call object. If done is nil, Go will allocate a new channel. If non-nil, done must be buffered or Go will deliberately crash.

type ClientCodec 

type ClientCodec interface {
	WriteRequest(*Request, interface{}) os.Error
	ReadResponseHeader(*Response) os.Error
	ReadResponseBody(interface{}) os.Error

	Close() os.Error
}

A ClientCodec implements writing of RPC requests and reading of RPC responses for the client side of an RPC session. The client calls WriteRequest to write a request to the connection and calls ReadResponseHeader and ReadResponseBody in pairs to read responses. The client calls Close when finished with the connection. ReadResponseBody may be called with a nil argument to force the body of the response to be read and then discarded.

type InvalidRequest 

type InvalidRequest struct{}

A value sent as a placeholder for the response when the server receives an invalid request.

type Request 

type Request struct {
	ServiceMethod string // format: "Service.Method"
	Seq           uint64 // sequence number chosen by client
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Request is a header written before every RPC call. It is used internally but documented here as an aid to debugging, such as when analyzing network traffic.

type Response 

type Response struct {
	ServiceMethod string // echoes that of the Request
	Seq           uint64 // echoes that of the request
	Error         string // error, if any.
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Response is a header written before every RPC return. It is used internally but documented here as an aid to debugging, such as when analyzing network traffic.

type Server 

type Server struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Server represents an RPC Server.

func NewServer 

func NewServer() *Server

NewServer returns a new Server.

func (*Server) Accept 

func (server *Server) Accept(lis net.Listener)

Accept accepts connections on the listener and serves requests for each incoming connection. Accept blocks; the caller typically invokes it in a go statement.

func (*Server) HandleHTTP 

func (server *Server) HandleHTTP(rpcPath, debugPath string)

HandleHTTP registers an HTTP handler for RPC messages on rpcPath, and a debugging handler on debugPath. It is still necessary to invoke http.Serve(), typically in a go statement.

func (*Server) Register 

func (server *Server) Register(rcvr interface{}) os.Error

Register publishes in the server the set of methods of the receiver value that satisfy the following conditions:

  • exported method
  • two arguments, both pointers to exported structs
  • one return value, of type os.Error

It returns an error if the receiver is not an exported type or has no suitable methods. The client accesses each method using a string of the form "Type.Method", where Type is the receiver's concrete type.

func (*Server) RegisterName 

func (server *Server) RegisterName(name string, rcvr interface{}) os.Error

RegisterName is like Register but uses the provided name for the type instead of the receiver's concrete type.

func (*Server) ServeCodec 

func (server *Server) ServeCodec(codec ServerCodec)

ServeCodec is like ServeConn but uses the specified codec to decode requests and encode responses.

func (*Server) ServeConn 

func (server *Server) ServeConn(conn io.ReadWriteCloser)

ServeConn runs the server on a single connection. ServeConn blocks, serving the connection until the client hangs up. The caller typically invokes ServeConn in a go statement. ServeConn uses the gob wire format (see package gob) on the connection. To use an alternate codec, use ServeCodec.

func (*Server) ServeHTTP 

func (server *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request)

ServeHTTP implements an http.Handler that answers RPC requests.

func (*Server) ServeRequest 

func (server *Server) ServeRequest(codec ServerCodec) os.Error

ServeRequest is like ServeCodec but synchronously serves a single request. It does not close the codec upon completion.

type ServerCodec 

type ServerCodec interface {
	ReadRequestHeader(*Request) os.Error
	ReadRequestBody(interface{}) os.Error
	WriteResponse(*Response, interface{}) os.Error

	Close() os.Error
}

A ServerCodec implements reading of RPC requests and writing of RPC responses for the server side of an RPC session. The server calls ReadRequestHeader and ReadRequestBody in pairs to read requests from the connection, and it calls WriteResponse to write a response back. The server calls Close when finished with the connection. ReadRequestBody may be called with a nil argument to force the body of the request to be read and discarded.

type ServerError 

type ServerError string

ServerError represents an error that has been returned from the remote side of the RPC connection.

func (ServerError) String 

func (e ServerError) String() string

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package jsonrpc implements a JSON-RPC ClientCodec and ServerCodec for the rpc package.
 Package jsonrpc implements a JSON-RPC ClientCodec and ServerCodec for the rpc package.

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