ceremony

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ceremony

ceremony --config path/to/config.yml

ceremony is a tool designed for Certificate Authority specific key and certificate ceremonies. The main design principle is that unlike most ceremony tooling there is a single user input, a configuration file, which is required to complete a root, intermediate, or key ceremony. The goal is to make ceremonies as simple as possible and allow for simple verification of a single file, instead of verification of a large number of independent commands.

ceremony has these modes:

  • root - generates a signing key on HSM and creates a self-signed root certificate that uses the generated key, outputting a PEM public key, and a PEM certificate. After generating such a root for public trust purposes, it should be submitted to as many root programs as is possible/practical.
  • intermediate - creates a intermediate certificate and signs it using a signing key already on a HSM, outputting a PEM certificate
  • cross-csr - creates a CSR for signing by a third party, outputting a PEM CSR.
  • cross-certificate - issues a certificate for one root, signed by another root. This is distinct from an intermediate because there is no path length constraint and there are no EKUs.
  • ocsp-signer - creates a delegated OCSP signing certificate and signs it using a signing key already on a HSM, outputting a PEM certificate
  • crl-signer - creates a delegated CRL signing certificate and signs it using a signing key already on a HSM, outputting a PEM certificate
  • key - generates a signing key on HSM, outputting a PEM public key
  • ocsp-response - creates a OCSP response for the provided certificate and signs it using a signing key already on a HSM, outputting a base64 encoded response
  • crl - creates a CRL with the IDP extension and onlyContainsCACerts = true from the provided profile and signs it using a signing key already on a HSM, outputting a PEM CRL

These modes are set in the ceremony-type field of the configuration file.

This tool always generates key pairs such that the public and private key are both stored on the device with the same label. Ceremony types that use a key on a device ask for a "signing key label". During setup this label is used to find the public key of a keypair. Once the public key is loaded, the private key is looked up by CKA_ID.

Configuration format

ceremony uses YAML for its configuration file, mainly as it allows for commenting. Each ceremony type has a different set of configuration fields.

Root ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, root.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    store-key-in-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the generated signing key should be stored in.
    store-key-with-label Specifies the HSM object label for the generated signing key. Both public and private key objects are stored with this label.
  • key: object containing key generation related fields.
    Field Description
    type Specifies the type of key to be generated, either rsa or ecdsa. If rsa the generated key will have an exponent of 65537 and a modulus length specified by rsa-mod-length. If ecdsa the curve is specified by ecdsa-curve.
    ecdsa-curve Specifies the ECDSA curve to use when generating key, either P-224, P-256, P-384, or P-521.
    rsa-mod-length Specifies the length of the RSA modulus, either 2048 or 4096.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    public-key-path Path to store generated PEM public key.
    certificate-path Path to store signed PEM certificate.
  • certificate-profile: object containing profile for certificate to generate. Fields are documented below.

Example:

ceremony-type: root
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    store-key-in-slot: 0
    store-key-with-label: root signing key
key:
    type: ecdsa
    ecdsa-curve: P-384
outputs:
    public-key-path: /home/user/root-signing-pub.pem
    certificate-path: /home/user/root-cert.pem
certificate-profile:
    signature-algorithm: ECDSAWithSHA384
    common-name: CA intermediate
    organization: good guys
    country: US
    not-before: 2020-01-01 12:00:00
    not-after: 2040-01-01 12:00:00
    key-usages:
        - Cert Sign
        - CRL Sign

This config generates a ECDSA P-384 key in the HSM with the object label root signing key and uses this key to sign a self-signed certificate. The public key for the key generated is written to /home/user/root-signing-pub.pem and the certificate is written to /home/user/root-cert.pem.

Intermediate or Cross-Certificate ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, intermediate or cross-certificate.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    signing-key-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the signing key is in.
    signing-key-label Specifies the HSM object label for the signing keypair's public key.
  • inputs: object containing paths for inputs
    Field Description
    public-key-path Path to PEM subject public key for certificate.
    issuer-certificate-path Path to PEM issuer certificate.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    certificate-path Path to store signed PEM certificate.
  • certificate-profile: object containing profile for certificate to generate. Fields are documented below.

Example:

ceremony-type: intermediate
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    signing-key-slot: 0
    signing-key-label: root signing key
inputs:
    public-key-path: /home/user/intermediate-signing-pub.pem
    issuer-certificate-path: /home/user/root-cert.pem
outputs:
    certificate-path: /home/user/intermediate-cert.pem
certificate-profile:
    signature-algorithm: ECDSAWithSHA384
    common-name: CA root
    organization: good guys
    country: US
    not-before: 2020-01-01 12:00:00
    not-after: 2040-01-01 12:00:00
    ocsp-url: http://good-guys.com/ocsp
    crl-url:  http://good-guys.com/crl
    issuer-url:  http://good-guys.com/root
    policies:
        - oid: 1.2.3
        - oid: 4.5.6
    key-usages:
        - Digital Signature
        - Cert Sign
        - CRL Sign

This config generates an intermediate certificate signed by a key in the HSM, identified by the object label root signing key and the object ID ffff. The subject key used is taken from /home/user/intermediate-signing-pub.pem and the issuer is /home/user/root-cert.pem, the resulting certificate is written to /home/user/intermediate-cert.pem.

Note: Intermediate certificates always include the extended key usages id-kp-serverAuth as required by 7.1.2.2.g of the CABF Baseline Requirements. Since we also include id-kp-clientAuth in end-entity certificates in boulder we also include it in intermediates, if this changes we may remove this inclusion.

Cross-CSR ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, cross-csr.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    signing-key-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the signing key is in.
    signing-key-label Specifies the HSM object label for the signing keypair's public key.
  • inputs: object containing paths for inputs
    Field Description
    public-key-path Path to PEM subject public key for certificate.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    csr-path Path to store PEM CSR for cross-signing, optional.
  • certificate-profile: object containing profile for certificate to generate. Fields are documented below. Should only include Subject related fields common-name, organization, country.

Example:

ceremony-type: cross-csr
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    signing-key-slot: 0
    signing-key-label: intermediate signing key
inputs:
    public-key-path: /home/user/intermediate-signing-pub.pem
outputs:
    csr-path: /home/user/csr.pem
certificate-profile:
    common-name: CA root
    organization: good guys
    country: US

This config generates a CSR signed by a key in the HSM, identified by the object label intermediate signing key, and writes it to /home/user/csr.pem.

OCSP Signing Certificate ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, ocsp-signer.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    signing-key-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the signing key is in.
    signing-key-label Specifies the HSM object label for the signing keypair's public key.
  • inputs: object containing paths for inputs
    Field Description
    public-key-path Path to PEM subject public key for certificate.
    issuer-certificate-path Path to PEM issuer certificate.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    certificate-path Path to store signed PEM certificate.
  • certificate-profile: object containing profile for certificate to generate. Fields are documented below. The key-usages, ocsp-url, and crl-url fields must not be set.

When generating an OCSP signing certificate the key usages field will be set to just Digital Signature and an EKU extension will be included with the id-kp-OCSPSigning usage. Additionally an id-pkix-ocsp-nocheck extension will be included in the certificate.

Example:

ceremony-type: ocsp-signer
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    signing-key-slot: 0
    signing-key-label: intermediate signing key
inputs:
    public-key-path: /home/user/ocsp-signer-signing-pub.pem
    issuer-certificate-path: /home/user/intermediate-cert.pem
outputs:
    certificate-path: /home/user/ocsp-signer-cert.pem
certificate-profile:
    signature-algorithm: ECDSAWithSHA384
    common-name: CA OCSP signer
    organization: good guys
    country: US
    not-before: 2020-01-01 12:00:00
    not-after: 2040-01-01 12:00:00
    issuer-url:  http://good-guys.com/root

This config generates a delegated OCSP signing certificate signed by a key in the HSM, identified by the object label intermediate signing key and the object ID ffff. The subject key used is taken from /home/user/ocsp-signer-signing-pub.pem and the issuer is /home/user/intermediate-cert.pem, the resulting certificate is written to /home/user/ocsp-signer-cert.pem.

CRL Signing Certificate ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, crl-signer.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    signing-key-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the signing key is in.
    signing-key-label Specifies the HSM object label for the signing keypair's public key.
  • inputs: object containing paths for inputs
    Field Description
    public-key-path Path to PEM subject public key for certificate.
    issuer-certificate-path Path to PEM issuer certificate.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    certificate-path Path to store signed PEM certificate.
  • certificate-profile: object containing profile for certificate to generate. Fields are documented below. The key-usages, ocsp-url, and crl-url fields must not be set.

When generating a CRL signing certificate the key usages field will be set to just CRL Sign.

Example:

ceremony-type: crl-signer
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    signing-key-slot: 0
    signing-key-label: intermediate signing key
inputs:
    public-key-path: /home/user/crl-signer-signing-pub.pem
    issuer-certificate-path: /home/user/intermediate-cert.pem
outputs:
    certificate-path: /home/user/crl-signer-cert.pem
certificate-profile:
    signature-algorithm: ECDSAWithSHA384
    common-name: CA CRL signer
    organization: good guys
    country: US
    not-before: 2020-01-01 12:00:00
    not-after: 2040-01-01 12:00:00
    issuer-url:  http://good-guys.com/root

This config generates a delegated CRL signing certificate signed by a key in the HSM, identified by the object label intermediate signing key and the object ID ffff. The subject key used is taken from /home/user/crl-signer-signing-pub.pem and the issuer is /home/user/intermediate-cert.pem, the resulting certificate is written to /home/user/crl-signer-cert.pem.

Key ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, key.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    store-key-in-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the generated signing key should be stored in.
    store-key-with-label Specifies the HSM object label for the generated signing key. Both public and private key objects are stored with this label.
  • key: object containing key generation related fields.
    Field Description
    type Specifies the type of key to be generated, either rsa or ecdsa. If rsa the generated key will have an exponent of 65537 and a modulus length specified by rsa-mod-length. If ecdsa the curve is specified by ecdsa-curve.
    ecdsa-curve Specifies the ECDSA curve to use when generating key, either P-224, P-256, P-384, or P-521.
    rsa-mod-length Specifies the length of the RSA modulus, either 2048 or 4096.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    public-key-path Path to store generated PEM public key.

Example:

ceremony-type: key
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    store-key-in-slot: 0
    store-key-with-label: intermediate signing key
key:
    type: ecdsa
    ecdsa-curve: P-384
outputs:
    public-key-path: /home/user/intermediate-signing-pub.pem

This config generates an ECDSA P-384 key in the HSM with the object label intermediate signing key. The public key is written to /home/user/intermediate-signing-pub.pem.

OCSP Response ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, ocsp-response.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    signing-key-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the signing key is in.
    signing-key-label Specifies the HSM object label for the signing keypair's public key.
  • inputs: object containing paths for inputs
    Field Description
    certificate-path Path to PEM certificate to create a response for.
    issuer-certificate-path Path to PEM issuer certificate.
    delegated-issuer-certificate-path Path to PEM delegated issuer certificate, if one is being used.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    response-path Path to store signed base64 encoded response.
  • ocsp-profile: object containing profile for the OCSP response.
    Field Description
    this-update Specifies the OCSP response thisUpdate date, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05. The time will be interpreted as UTC.
    next-update Specifies the OCSP response nextUpdate date, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05. The time will be interpreted as UTC.
    status Specifies the OCSP response status, either good or revoked.

Example:

ceremony-type: ocsp-response
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    signing-key-slot: 0
    signing-key-label: root signing key
inputs:
    certificate-path: /home/user/certificate.pem
    issuer-certificate-path: /home/user/root-cert.pem
outputs:
    response-path: /home/user/ocsp-resp.b64
ocsp-profile:
    this-update: 2020-01-01 12:00:00
    next-update: 2021-01-01 12:00:00
    status: good

This config generates a OCSP response signed by a key in the HSM, identified by the object label root signing key and object ID ffff. The response will be for the certificate in /home/user/certificate.pem, and will be written to /home/user/ocsp-resp.b64.

CRL ceremony
  • ceremony-type: string describing the ceremony type, crl.
  • pkcs11: object containing PKCS#11 related fields.
    Field Description
    module Path to the PKCS#11 module to use to communicate with a HSM.
    pin Specifies the login PIN, should only be provided if the HSM device requires one to interact with the slot.
    signing-key-slot Specifies which HSM object slot the signing key is in.
    signing-key-label Specifies the HSM object label for the signing keypair's public key.
  • inputs: object containing paths for inputs
    Field Description
    issuer-certificate-path Path to PEM issuer certificate.
  • outputs: object containing paths to write outputs.
    Field Description
    crl-path Path to store signed PEM CRL.
  • crl-profile: object containing profile for the CRL.
    Field Description
    this-update Specifies the CRL thisUpdate date, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05. The time will be interpreted as UTC.
    next-update Specifies the CRL nextUpdate date, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05. The time will be interpreted as UTC.
    number Specifies the CRL number. Each CRL should have a unique monotonically increasing number.
    revoked-certificates Specifies any revoked certificates that should be included in the CRL. May be empty. If present it should be a list of objects with the fields certificate-path, containing the path to the revoked certificate, revocation-date, containing the date the certificate was revoked, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05, and revocation-reason, containing a non-zero CRLReason code for the revocation taken from RFC 5280.

Example:

ceremony-type: crl
pkcs11:
    module: /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so
    signing-key-slot: 0
    signing-key-label: root signing key
inputs:
    issuer-certificate-path: /home/user/root-cert.pem
outputs:
    crl-path: /home/user/crl.pem
crl-profile:
    this-update: 2020-01-01 12:00:00
    next-update: 2021-01-01 12:00:00
    number: 80
    revoked-certificates:
        - certificate-path: /home/user/revoked-cert.pem
          revocation-date: 2019-12-31 12:00:00

This config generates a CRL that must only contain subordinate CA certificates signed by a key in the HSM, identified by the object label root signing key and object ID ffff. The CRL will have the number 80 and will contain revocation information for the certificate /home/user/revoked-cert.pem. Each of the revoked certificates provided are checked to ensure they have the IsCA flag set to true.

Certificate profile format

The certificate profile defines a restricted set of fields that are used to generate root and intermediate certificates.

Field Description
signature-algorithm Specifies the signing algorithm to use, one of SHA256WithRSA, SHA384WithRSA, SHA512WithRSA, ECDSAWithSHA256, ECDSAWithSHA384, ECDSAWithSHA512
common-name Specifies the subject commonName
organization Specifies the subject organization
country Specifies the subject country
not-before Specifies the certificate notBefore date, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05. The time will be interpreted as UTC.
not-after Specifies the certificate notAfter date, in the format 2006-01-02 15:04:05. The time will be interpreted as UTC.
ocsp-url Specifies the AIA OCSP responder URL
crl-url Specifies the cRLDistributionPoints URL
issuer-url Specifies the AIA caIssuer URL
policies Specifies contents of a certificatePolicies extension. Should contain a list of policies with the field oid, indicating the policy OID.
key-usages Specifies list of key usage bits should be set, list can contain Digital Signature, CRL Sign, and Cert Sign

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