Documentation ¶
Overview ¶
Package cli provides a framework to build command line applications in Go with most of the burden of arguments parsing and validation placed on the framework instead of the user.
Basics ¶
You start by creating an application by passing a name and a description:
cp = cli.App("cp", "Copy files around")
To attach the code to execute when the app is launched, assign a function to the Action field:
cp.Action = func() { fmt.Printf("Hello world\n") }
Finally, in your main func, call Run on the app:
cp.Run(os.Args)
Options ¶
To add a (global) option, call one of the (String[s]|Int[s]|Bool)Opt methods on the app:
recursive := cp.BoolOpt("R recursive", false, "recursively copy the src to dst")
* The first argument is a space separated list of names for the option without the dashes
* The second parameter is the default value for the option
* The third parameter is the option description, as will be shown in the help messages
There is also a second set of methods Bool, String, Int, Strings and Ints, which accepts structs describing the option:
recursive = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{ Name: "R", Value: false, Desc: "copy src files recursively", EnvVar: "", })
The field names are self-describing. There EnvVar field is a space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize the option.
The result is a pointer to a value that will be populated after parsing the command line arguments. You can access the values in the Action func.
In the command line, mow.cli accepts the following syntaxes ¶
* For boolean options:
-f : a single dash for the one letter names -f=false : a single dash for the one letter names, equal sign followed by true or false --force : double dash for longer option names -it : mow.cli supports option folding, this is equivalent to: -i -t
* For string, int options:
-e=value : single dash for one letter names, equal sign followed by the value -e value : single dash for one letter names, space followed by the value -Ivalue : single dash for one letter names immediately followed by the value --extra=value : double dash for longer option names, equal sign followed by the value --extra value : double dash for longer option names, space followed by the value
* For slice options (StringsOpt, IntsOpt): repeat the option to accumulate the values in the resulting slice:
-e PATH:/bin -e PATH:/usr/bin : resulting slice contains ["/bin", "/usr/bin"]
Arguments ¶
To accept arguments, you need to explicitly declare them by calling one of the (String[s]|Int[s]|Bool)Arg methods on the app:
src := cp.StringArg("SRC", "", "the file to copy") dst := cp.StringArg("DST", "", "the destination")
* The first argument is the argument name as will be shown in the help messages
* The second parameter is the default value for the argument
* The third parameter is the argument description, as will be shown in the help messages
There is also a second set of methods Bool, String, Int, Strings and Ints, which accepts structs describing the argument:
src = cp.Strings(StringsArg{ Name: "SRC", Desc: "The source files to copy", Value: "", EnvVar: "", })
The field names are self-describing. The Value field is where you can set the initial value for the argument.
EnvVar accepts a space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize the argument.
The result is a pointer to a value that will be populated after parsing the command line arguments. You can access the values in the Action func.
Operators ¶
The -- operator marks the end of options. Everything that follow will be treated as an argument, even if starts with a dash.
For example, given the touch command which takes a filename as an argument (and possibly other options):
file := cp.StringArg("FILE", "", "the file to create")
If we try to create a file named -f this way:
touch -f
Would fail, because -f will be parsed as an option not as an argument. The fix is to prefix the filename with the -- operator:
touch -- -f
Commands ¶
mow.cli supports nesting commands and sub commands. Declare a top level command by calling the Command func on the app struct, and a sub command by calling the Command func on the command struct:
docker := cli.App("docker", "A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers") docker.Command("run", "Run a command in a new container", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { // initialize the run command here })
* The first argument is the command name, as will be shown in the help messages and as will need to be input by the user in the command line to call the command
* The second argument is the command description as will be shown in the help messages
* The third argument is a CmdInitializer, a function that receives a pointer to a Cmd struct representing the command. In this function, you can add options and arguments by calling the same methods as you would with an app struct (BoolOpt, StringArg, ...). You would also assign a function to the Action field of the Cmd struct for it to be executed when the command is invoked.
docker.Command("run", "Run a command in a new container", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { detached := cmd.BoolOpt("d detach", false, "Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID") memory := cmd.StringOpt("m memory", "", "Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)") image := cmd.StringArg("IMAGE", "", "The image to run") cmd.Action = func() { if *detached { //do something } runContainer(*image, *detached, *memory) } })
You can also add sub commands by calling Command on the Cmd struct:
bzk.Command("job", "actions on jobs", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { cmd.Command("list", "list jobs", listJobs) cmd.Command("start", "start a new job", startJob) cmd.Command("log", "show a job log", nil) })
This could go on to any depth if need be.
As a side-note: it may seem a bit weird the way mow.cli uses a function to initialize a command instead of just returning the command struct.
The motivation behind this choice is scoping: as with the standard flag package, adding an option or an argument returns a pointer to a value which will be populated when the app is run.
Since you'll want to store these pointers in variables, and to avoid having dozens of them in the same scope (the main func for example or as global variables), mow.cli's API was specifically tailored to take a func parameter (called CmdInitializer) which accepts the command struct.
This way, the command specific variables scope is limited to this function.
Custom types ¶
Out of the box, mow.cli supports the following types for options and arguments: bool, string, int, strings (slice of strings) and ints (slice of ints)
You can however extend mow.cli to handle other types, e.g. `time.Duration`, `float64`, or even your own struct types for example.
To do so, you'll need to:
* implement the `flag.Value` interface for the custom type
* declare the option or the flag using `VarOpt`, `VarArg` for the short hands, and `Var` for the full form.
Here's an example:
// Declare your type type Duration time.Duration // Make it implement flag.Value func (d *Duration) Set(v string) error { parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(v) if err != nil { return err } *d = Duration(parsed) return nil } func (d *Duration) String() string { duration := time.Duration(*d) return duration.String() } func main() { duration := Duration(0) app := App("var", "") app.VarArg("DURATION", &duration, "") app.Run([]string{"cp", "1h31m42s"}) }
Boolean custom types ¶
To make your custom type behave as a boolean option, i.e. doesn't take a value, it has to implement a IsBoolFlag method that returns true:
type BoolLike int func (d *BoolLike) IsBoolFlag() bool { return true }
Multi-valued custom type ¶
To make your custom type behave as a multi-valued option or argument, i.e. takes multiple values, it has to implement a `Clear` method which will be called whenever the values list needs to be cleared, e.g. when the value was initially populated from an environment variable, and then explicitly set from the CLI:
type Durations []time.Duration // Make it implement flag.Value func (d *Durations) Set(v string) error { parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(v) if err != nil { return err } *d = append(*d, Duration(parsed)) return nil } func (d *Durations) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *d) } // Make it multi-valued func (d *Durations) Clear() { *d = []Duration{} }
Interceptors ¶
It is possible to define snippets of code to be executed before and after a command or any of its sub commands is executed.
For example, given an app with multiple commands but with a global flag which toggles a verbose mode:
app := cli.App("app", "bla bla") verbose := app.Bool(cli.BoolOpt{ Name: "verbose", Value: false, Desc: "Enable debug logs", }) app.Command("command1", "...", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { }) app.Command("command2", "...", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { })
Instead of repeating yourself by checking if the verbose flag is set or not, and setting the debug level in every command (and its sub-commands), a before interceptor can be set on the `app` instead:
app.Before = func() { if (*verbose) { logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel) } }
Whenever a valid command is called by the user, all the before interceptors defined on the app and the intermediate commands will be called, in order from the root to the leaf.
Similarly, if you need to execute a code snippet after a command has been called, e.g. to cleanup resources allocated in before interceptors, simply set the After field of the app struct or any other command.
After interceptors will be called, in order from the leaf up to the root (the opposite order of the Before interceptors).
Here's a diagram which shows in when and in which order multiple Before and After interceptors get executed:
+------------+ success +------------+ success +----------------+ success | app.Before +---------------> cmd.Before +-------------> sub_cmd.Before +---------+ +------------+ +-+----------+ +--+-------------+ | | | +-v-------+ error | error | | sub_cmd | +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ | Action | | | +-+-------+ +------v-----+ +-----v------+ +----------------+ | | app.After <---------------+ cmd.After <-------------+ sub_cmd.After <---------+ +------------+ always +------------+ always +----------------+ always
Spec ¶
An app or command's call syntax can be customized using spec strings. This can be useful to indicate that an argument is optional for example, or that 2 options are mutually exclusive.
You can set a spec string on:
* The app: to configure the syntax for global options and arguments
* A command: to configure the syntax for that command's options and arguments
In both cases, a spec string is assigned to the Spec field:
cp := cli.App("cp", "Copy files around") cp.Spec = "[-R [-H | -L | -P]]"
And:
docker := cli.App("docker", "A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers") docker.Command("run", "Run a command in a new container", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { cmd.Spec = "[-d|--rm] IMAGE [COMMAND [ARG...]]" : : }
The spec syntax is mostly based on the conventions used in POSIX command line apps help messages and man pages:
Options ¶
You can use both short and long option names in spec strings:
x.Spec="-f"
And:
x.Spec="--force"
In both cases, we required that the f or force flag be set ¶
Any option you reference in a spec string MUST be explicitly declared, otherwise mow.cli will panic:
x.BoolOpt("f force", ...)
Arguments ¶
Arguments are all-uppercased words:
x.Spec="SRC DST"
This spec string will force the user to pass exactly 2 arguments, SRC and DST
Any argument you reference in a spec string MUST be explicitly declared, otherwise mow.cli will panic:
x.StringArg("SRC", ...) x.StringArg("DST", ...)
Ordering ¶
Except for options, The order of the elements in a spec string is respected and enforced when parsing the command line arguments:
x.Spec = "-f -g SRC -h DST"
Consecutive options (-f and -g for example) get parsed regardless of the order they are specified in (both "-f=5 -g=6" and "-g=6 -f=5" are valid).
Order between options and arguments is significant (-f and -g must appear before the SRC argument).
Same goes for arguments, where SRC must appear before DST.
Optionality ¶
You can mark items as optional in a spec string by enclosing them in square brackets :[...]
x.Spec = "[-x]"
Choice ¶
You can use the | operator to indicate a choice between two or more items
x.Spec = "--rm | --daemon" x.Spec = "-H | -L | -P" x.Spec = "-t | DST"
Repetition ¶
You can use the ... postfix operator to mark an element as repeatable:
x.Spec="SRC..." x.Spec="-e..."
Grouping ¶
You can group items using parenthesis. This is useful in combination with the choice and repetition operators (| and ...):
x.Spec = "(-e COMMAND)... | (-x|-y)"
The parenthesis in the example above serve to mark that it is the sequence of a -e flag followed by an argument that is repeatable, and that all that is mutually exclusive to a choice between -x and -y options.
Option group ¶
This is a shortcut to declare a choice between multiple options:
x.Spec = "-abcd"
Is equivalent to:
x.Spec = "(-a | -b | -c | -d)..."
I.e. any combination of the listed options in any order, with at least one option.
All options ¶
Another shortcut:
x.Spec = "[OPTIONS]"
This is a special syntax (the square brackets are not for marking an optional item, and the uppercased word is not for an argument). This is equivalent to a repeatable choice between all the available options. For example, if an app or a command declares 4 options a, b, c and d, [OPTIONS] is equivalent to
x.Spec = "[-a | -b | -c | -d]..."
Inline option values ¶
You can use the =<some-text> notation right after an option (long or short form) to give an inline description or value. An example:
x.Spec = "[ -a=<absolute-path> | --timeout=<in seconds> ] ARG"
The inline values are ignored by the spec parser and are just there for the final user as a contextual hint.
Operators ¶
The `--` operator can be used in a spec string to automatically treat everything following it as an options.
In other words, placing a `--` in the spec string automatically inserts a `--` in the same position in the program call arguments.
This lets you write programs like the `time` utility for example:
x.Spec = "time -lp [-- CMD [ARG...]]"
Spec Grammar ¶
Here's the EBNF grammar for the Specs language:
spec -> sequence sequence -> choice* req_sequence -> choice+ choice -> atom ('|' atom)* atom -> (shortOpt | longOpt | optSeq | allOpts | group | optional) rep? shortOp -> '-' [A-Za-z] longOpt -> '--' [A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]* optSeq -> '-' [A-Za-z]+ allOpts -> '[OPTIONS]' group -> '(' req_sequence ')' optional -> '[' req_sequence ']' rep -> '...'
And that's it for the spec language. You can combine these few building blocks in any way you want (while respecting the grammar above) to construct sophisticated validation constraints (don't go too wild though).
Behind the scenes, mow.cli parses the spec string and constructs a finite state machine to be used to parse the command line arguments. mow.cli also handles backtracking, and so it can handle tricky cases, or what I like to call "the cp test"
cp SRC... DST
Without backtracking, this deceptively simple spec string cannot be parsed correctly. For instance, docopt can't handle this case, whereas mow.cli does.
Default spec ¶
By default, and unless a spec string is set by the user, mow.cli auto-generates one for the app and every command using this logic:
* Start with an empty spec string
* If at least one option was declared, append "[OPTIONS]" to the spec string
* For every declared argument, append it, in the order of declaration, to the spec string
For example, given this command declaration:
docker.Command("run", "Run a command in a new container", func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { detached := cmd.BoolOpt("d detach", false, "Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID") memory := cmd.StringOpt("m memory", "", "Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)") image := cmd.StringArg("IMAGE", "", "") args := cmd.StringsArg("ARG", "", "") })
The auto-generated spec string would be:
[OPTIONS] IMAGE ARG
Which should suffice for simple cases. If not, the spec string has to be set explicitly.
Exiting ¶
mow.cli provides the Exit function which accepts an exit code and exits the app with the provided code.
You are highly encouraged to call cli.Exit instead of os.Exit for the After interceptors to be executed.
Example (BeforeAfter) ¶
app := App("app", "App") bench := app.BoolOpt("b bench", false, "Measure execution time") var t0 time.Time app.Before = func() { if *bench { t0 = time.Now() } } app.After = func() { if *bench { d := time.Since(t0) fmt.Printf("Command execution took: %vs", d.Seconds()) } } app.Command("cmd1", "first command", func(cmd *Cmd) { cmd.Action = func() { fmt.Print("Running command 1") } }) app.Command("cmd2", "second command", func(cmd *Cmd) { cmd.Action = func() { fmt.Print("Running command 2") } }) app.Run(os.Args)
Output:
Example (Cp) ¶
cp := App("cp", "Copy files around") cp.Spec = "[-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-fi | -n] SRC... DST" var ( recursive = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{ Name: "R", Value: false, Desc: "copy src files recursively", }) followSymbolicCL = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "H", Value: false, Desc: "If the -R option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed. (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)"}) followSymbolicTree = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "L", Value: false, Desc: "If the -R option is specified, all symbolic links are followed."}) followSymbolicNo = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "P", Value: true, Desc: "If the -R option is specified, no symbolic links are followed. This is the default."}) force = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "f", Value: false, Desc: "If the destination file cannot be opened, remove it and create a new file, without prompting for confirmation regardless of its permissions. (The -f option overrides any previous -n option.)"}) interactive = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "i", Value: false, Desc: "Cause cp to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file that would overwrite an existing file. If the response from the standard input begins with the character `y' or `Y', the file copy is attempted. (The -i option overrides any previous -n option.)"}) noOverwrite = cp.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "f", Value: false, Desc: "Do not overwrite an existing file. (The -n option overrides any previous -f or -i options.)"}) ) var ( src = cp.Strings(StringsArg{ Name: "SRC", Desc: "The source files to copy", }) dst = cp.Strings(StringsArg{Name: "DST", Value: nil, Desc: "The destination directory"}) ) cp.Action = func() { fmt.Printf(`copy: SRC: %v DST: %v recursive: %v follow links (CL, Tree, No): %v %v %v force: %v interactive: %v no overwrite: %v`, *src, *dst, *recursive, *followSymbolicCL, *followSymbolicTree, *followSymbolicNo, *force, *interactive, *noOverwrite) } cp.Run(os.Args)
Output:
Example (Docker) ¶
docker := App("docker", "A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers") docker.Command("run", "Run a command in a new container", func(cmd *Cmd) { cmd.Spec = "[-d|--rm] IMAGE [COMMAND [ARG...]]" var ( detached = cmd.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "d detach", Value: false, Desc: "Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID"}) rm = cmd.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "rm", Value: false, Desc: "Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d)"}) memory = cmd.String(StringOpt{Name: "m memory", Value: "", Desc: "Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)"}) ) var ( image = cmd.String(StringArg{Name: "IMAGE", Value: "", Desc: ""}) command = cmd.String(StringArg{Name: "COMMAND", Value: "", Desc: "The command to run"}) args = cmd.Strings(StringsArg{Name: "ARG", Value: nil, Desc: "The command arguments"}) ) cmd.Action = func() { var how string switch { case *detached: how = "detached" case *rm: how = "rm after" default: how = "--" } fmt.Printf("Run image %s, command %s, args %v, how? %v, mem %s", *image, *command, *args, how, *memory) } }) docker.Command("pull", "Pull an image or a repository from the registry", func(cmd *Cmd) { cmd.Spec = "[-a] NAME" all := cmd.Bool(BoolOpt{Name: "a all-tags", Value: false, Desc: "Download all tagged images in the repository"}) name := cmd.String(StringArg{Name: "NAME", Value: "", Desc: "Image name (optionally NAME:TAG)"}) cmd.Action = func() { if *all { fmt.Printf("Download all tags for image %s", *name) return } fmt.Printf("Download image %s", *name) } }) docker.Run(os.Args)
Output:
Example (Greet) ¶
app := App("greet", "Greet") app.Spec = "[NAME]" name := app.String(StringArg{Name: "NAME", Value: "stranger", Desc: "Your name", EnvVar: "USER"}) app.Action = func() { fmt.Printf("Hello %s\n", *name) } app.Run(os.Args)
Output:
Index ¶
- func Exit(code int)
- type BoolArg
- type BoolOpt
- type BoolParam
- type Cli
- type Cmd
- func (c *Cmd) Bool(p BoolParam) *bool
- func (c *Cmd) BoolArg(name string, value bool, desc string) *bool
- func (c *Cmd) BoolOpt(name string, value bool, desc string) *bool
- func (c *Cmd) Command(name, desc string, init CmdInitializer)
- func (c *Cmd) CommandLong(name, desc, long string, init CmdInitializer)
- func (c *Cmd) DoInit() error
- func (c *Cmd) Int(p IntParam) *int
- func (c *Cmd) IntArg(name string, value int, desc string) *int
- func (c *Cmd) IntOpt(name string, value int, desc string) *int
- func (c *Cmd) Ints(p IntsParam) *[]int
- func (c *Cmd) IntsArg(name string, value []int, desc string) *[]int
- func (c *Cmd) IntsOpt(name string, value []int, desc string) *[]int
- func (c *Cmd) PrintHelp()
- func (c *Cmd) PrintLongHelp()
- func (c *Cmd) PrintLongHelpTo(longDesc bool, writer io.Writer)
- func (c *Cmd) String(p StringParam) *string
- func (c *Cmd) StringArg(name string, value string, desc string) *string
- func (c *Cmd) StringOpt(name string, value string, desc string) *string
- func (c *Cmd) Strings(p StringsParam) *[]string
- func (c *Cmd) StringsArg(name string, value []string, desc string) *[]string
- func (c *Cmd) StringsOpt(name string, value []string, desc string) *[]string
- func (c *Cmd) Var(p VarParam)
- func (c *Cmd) VarArg(name string, value flag.Value, desc string)
- func (c *Cmd) VarOpt(name string, value flag.Value, desc string)
- type CmdInitializer
- type DescriptionLocation
- type IntArg
- type IntOpt
- type IntParam
- type IntsArg
- type IntsOpt
- type IntsParam
- type StringArg
- type StringOpt
- type StringParam
- type StringsArg
- type StringsOpt
- type StringsParam
- type VarArg
- type VarOpt
- type VarParam
Examples ¶
Constants ¶
This section is empty.
Variables ¶
This section is empty.
Functions ¶
Types ¶
type BoolArg ¶
type BoolArg struct { // The argument name as will be shown in help messages Name string // The argument description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this argument EnvVar string // The argument's inital value Value bool // A boolean to display or not the current value of the argument in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this arg was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
BoolArg describes a boolean argument
type BoolOpt ¶
type BoolOpt struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option EnvVar string // The option's initial value Value bool // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this option was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
BoolOpt describes a boolean option
type BoolParam ¶
type BoolParam interface {
// contains filtered or unexported methods
}
BoolParam represents a Bool option or argument
type Cli ¶
type Cli struct { *Cmd // contains filtered or unexported fields }
Cli represents the structure of a CLI app. It should be constructed using the App() function
func App ¶
App creates a new and empty CLI app configured with the passed name and description.
name and description will be used to construct the help message for the app:
Usage: $name [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...] $desc
func (*Cli) PrintVersion ¶
func (cli *Cli) PrintVersion()
PrintVersion prints the CLI app's version. In most cases the library users won't need to call this method, unless a more complex validation is needed.
type Cmd ¶
type Cmd struct { // The code to execute when this command is matched Action func() // The code to execute before this command or any of its children is matched Before func() // The code to execute after this command or any of its children is matched After func() // The command options and arguments Spec string // The command long description to be shown when help is requested LongDesc string // Location of the description text. 0 for the top or 1 for bottom of the full output DescLocation DescriptionLocation // The command error handling strategy ErrorHandling flag.ErrorHandling Name string Commands []*Cmd // contains filtered or unexported fields }
Cmd represents a command (or sub command) in a CLI application. It should be constructed by calling Command() on an app to create a top level command or by calling Command() on another command to create a sub command
func (*Cmd) Bool ¶
Bool can be used to add a bool option or argument to a command. It accepts either a BoolOpt or a BoolArg struct.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a bool) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) BoolArg ¶
BoolArg defines a boolean argument on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a bool) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) BoolOpt ¶
BoolOpt defines a boolean option on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The name is a space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options).
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a bool) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) Command ¶
func (c *Cmd) Command(name, desc string, init CmdInitializer)
Command adds a new (sub) command to c where name is the command name (what you type in the console), description is what would be shown in the help messages, e.g.:
Usage: git [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...] Commands: $name $desc
the last argument, init, is a function that will be called by mow.cli to further configure the created (sub) command, e.g. to add options, arguments and the code to execute
func (*Cmd) CommandLong ¶
func (c *Cmd) CommandLong(name, desc, long string, init CmdInitializer)
func (*Cmd) Int ¶
Int can be used to add an int option or argument to a command. It accepts either a IntOpt or a IntArg struct.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to an int) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) IntArg ¶
IntArg defines an int argument on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to an int) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) IntOpt ¶
IntOpt defines an int option on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The name is a space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options).
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to an int) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) Ints ¶
Ints can be used to add an int slice option or argument to a command. It accepts either a IntsOpt or a IntsArg struct.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to an int slice) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) IntsArg ¶
IntsArg defines an int slice argument on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to an int slice) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) IntsOpt ¶
IntsOpt defines an int slice option on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The name is a space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options).
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to an int slice) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) PrintHelp ¶
func (c *Cmd) PrintHelp()
PrintHelp prints the command's help message. In most cases the library users won't need to call this method, unless a more complex validation is needed
func (*Cmd) PrintLongHelp ¶
func (c *Cmd) PrintLongHelp()
PrintLongHelp prints the command's help message using the command long description if specified. In most cases the library users won't need to call this method, unless a more complex validation is needed
func (*Cmd) String ¶
func (c *Cmd) String(p StringParam) *string
String can be used to add a string option or argument to a command. It accepts either a StringOpt or a StringArg struct.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a string) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) StringArg ¶
StringArg defines a string argument on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a string) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) StringOpt ¶
StringOpt defines a string option on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The name is a space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options).
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a string) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) Strings ¶
func (c *Cmd) Strings(p StringsParam) *[]string
Strings can be used to add a string slice option or argument to a command. It accepts either a StringsOpt or a StringsArg struct.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a string slice) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) StringsArg ¶
StringsArg defines a string slice argument on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a string slice) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) StringsOpt ¶
StringsOpt defines a string slice option on the command c named `name`, with an initial value of `value` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The name is a space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options).
The result should be stored in a variable (a pointer to a string slice) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) Var ¶
Var can be used to add a custom option or argument to a command. It accepts either a VarOpt or a VarArg struct.
As opposed to the other built-in types, this function does not return a pointer the the value. Instead, the VarOpt or VarOptArg structs hold the said value.
func (*Cmd) VarArg ¶
VarArg defines an argument where the type and format is controlled by the developer on the command c named `name` and a description of `desc` which will be used in help messages.
The result will be stored in the value parameter (a value implementing the flag.Value interface) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
func (*Cmd) VarOpt ¶
VarOpt defines an option where the type and format is controlled by the developer.
The name is a space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options).
The result will be stored in the value parameter (a value implementing the flag.Value interface) which will be populated when the app is run and the call arguments get parsed
type CmdInitializer ¶
type CmdInitializer func(*Cmd)
CmdInitializer is a function that configures a command by adding options, arguments, a spec, sub commands and the code to execute when the command is called
func ActionCommand ¶
func ActionCommand(action func()) CmdInitializer
ActionCommand(myFun) is syntactic sugar for func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { cmd.Action = myFun }
cmd.CommandAction(_, _, myFun } is syntactic sugar for cmd.Command(_, _, func(cmd *cli.Cmd) { cmd.Action = myFun })
type DescriptionLocation ¶
type DescriptionLocation int
DescriptionLocation defines where to print out help text
const ( // DescriptionLocationTop specifies printing out the help text at the top of the output DescriptionLocationTop DescriptionLocation = iota // DescriptionLocationBottom specifies printing out the help text at the bottom of the output DescriptionLocationBottom )
type IntArg ¶
type IntArg struct { // The argument name as will be shown in help messages Name string // The argument description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this argument EnvVar string // The argument's initial value Value int // A boolean to display or not the current value of the argument in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this arg was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
IntArg describes an int argument
type IntOpt ¶
type IntOpt struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option EnvVar string // The option's initial value Value int // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this option was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
IntOpt describes an int option
type IntParam ¶
type IntParam interface {
// contains filtered or unexported methods
}
IntParam represents an Int option or argument
type IntsArg ¶
type IntsArg struct { // The argument name as will be shown in help messages Name string // The argument description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this argument. // The env variable should contain a comma separated list of values EnvVar string // The argument's initial value Value []int // A boolean to display or not the current value of the argument in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this arg was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
IntsArg describes an int slice argument
type IntsOpt ¶
type IntsOpt struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option. // The env variable should contain a comma separated list of values EnvVar string // The option's initial value Value []int // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this option was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
IntsOpt describes an int slice option
type IntsParam ¶
type IntsParam interface {
// contains filtered or unexported methods
}
IntsParam represents an int slice option or argument
type StringArg ¶
type StringArg struct { // The argument name as will be shown in help messages Name string // The argument description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this argument EnvVar string // The argument's initial value Value string // A boolean to display or not the current value of the argument in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this arg was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
StringArg describes a string argument
type StringOpt ¶
type StringOpt struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option EnvVar string // The option's initial value Value string // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this option was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
StringOpt describes a string option
type StringParam ¶
type StringParam interface {
// contains filtered or unexported methods
}
StringParam represents a String option or argument
type StringsArg ¶
type StringsArg struct { // The argument name as will be shown in help messages Name string // The argument description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this argument. // The env variable should contain a comma separated list of values EnvVar string // The argument's initial value Value []string // A boolean to display or not the current value of the argument in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this arg was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
StringsArg describes a string slice argument
type StringsOpt ¶
type StringsOpt struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option. // The env variable should contain a comma separated list of values EnvVar string // The option's initial value Value []string // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this option was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
StringsOpt describes a string slice option
type StringsParam ¶
type StringsParam interface {
// contains filtered or unexported methods
}
StringsParam represents a string slice option or argument
type VarArg ¶
type VarArg struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option EnvVar string // A value implementing the flag.Value type (will hold the final value) Value flag.Value // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this arg was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
VarArg describes an argument where the type and format of the value is controlled by the developer
Example ¶
package main import ( "fmt" "time" cli "github.com/jault3/mow.cli" ) // Declare your type type Duration time.Duration // Make it implement flag.Value func (d *Duration) Set(v string) error { parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(v) if err != nil { return err } *d = Duration(parsed) return nil } func (d *Duration) String() string { duration := time.Duration(*d) return duration.String() } func main() { app := cli.App("var", "Var arg example") // Declare a variable of your type duration := Duration(0) // Call one of the Var methods (arg, opt, ...) to declare your custom type app.VarArg("DURATION", &duration, "") app.Action = func() { // The variable will be populated after the app is ran fmt.Print(time.Duration(duration)) } app.Run([]string{"cp", "1h31m42s"}) }
Output: 1h31m42s
type VarOpt ¶
type VarOpt struct { // A space separated list of the option names *WITHOUT* the dashes, e.g. `f force` and *NOT* `-f --force`. // The one letter names will then be called with a single dash (short option), the others with two (long options). Name string // The option description as will be shown in help messages Desc string // A space separated list of environment variables names to be used to initialize this option EnvVar string // A value implementing the flag.Value type (will hold the final value) Value flag.Value // A boolean to display or not the current value of the option in the help message HideValue bool // Set to true if this option was set by the user (as opposed to being set from env or not set at all) SetByUser *bool }
VarOpt describes an option where the type and format of the value is controlled by the developer
Example ¶
package main import ( "fmt" cli "github.com/jault3/mow.cli" ) // Declare your type type Counter int // Make it implement flag.Value func (c *Counter) Set(v string) error { *c++ return nil } func (c *Counter) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%d", *c) } // Make it a bool option func (c *Counter) IsBoolFlag() bool { return true } func main() { app := cli.App("var", "Var opt example") // Declare a variable of your type verbosity := Counter(0) // Call one of the Var methods (arg, opt, ...) to declare your custom type app.VarOpt("v", &verbosity, "verbosity level") app.Action = func() { // The variable will be populated after the app is ran fmt.Print(verbosity) } app.Run([]string{"app", "-vvvvv"}) }
Output: 5