expr

package module
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 Go to latest Published: Aug 13, 2024 License: MIT Imports: 11 Imported by: 1

README

Expr

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expr logo

Expr package provides an engine that can compile and evaluate expressions. An expression is a one-liner that returns a value (mostly, but not limited to, booleans). It is designed for simplicity, speed and safety.

The purpose of the package is to allow users to use expressions inside configuration for more complex logic. It is a perfect candidate for the foundation of a business rule engine. The idea is to let configure things in a dynamic way without recompile of a program:

# Get the special price if
user.Group in ["good_customers", "collaborator"]

# Promote article to the homepage when
len(article.Comments) > 100 and article.Category not in ["misc"]

# Send an alert when
product.Stock < 15

Features

  • Seamless integration with Go (no need to redefine types)
  • Static typing (example). 
    out, err := expr.Compile(`name + age`)
// err: invalid operation + (mismatched types string and int)
// | name + age
// | .....^
  • User-friendly error messages.
  • Reasonable set of basic operators.
  • Builtins all, none, any, one, filter, map. 
    all(Tweets, {.Size <= 280})
  • Fast (benchmarks): uses bytecode virtual machine and optimizing compiler.

Install

go get github.com/ilius/expr

Documentation

Expr Code Editor

Expr Code Editor

Also, I have an embeddable code editor written in JavaScript which allows editing expressions with syntax highlighting and autocomplete based on your types declaration.

Learn more →

Examples

Play Online

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"greet":   "Hello, %v!",
		"names":   []string{"world", "you"},
		"sprintf": fmt.Sprintf,
	}

	code := `sprintf(greet, names[0])`

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, expr.Env(env))
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(output)
}

Play Online

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

type Tweet struct {
	Len int
}

type Env struct {
	Tweets []Tweet
}

func main() {
	code := `all(Tweets, {.Len <= 240})`

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, expr.Env(Env{}))
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	env := Env{
		Tweets: []Tweet{{42}, {98}, {69}},
	}
	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(output)
}

Who uses Expr?

  • Aviasales uses Expr as a business rule engine for our flight search engine.
  • Wish.com uses Expr for decision-making rule engine in the Wish Assistant.
  • Argo uses Expr in Argo Rollouts and Argo Workflows for Kubernetes.
  • Crowdsec uses Expr in a security automation tool.
  • FACEIT uses Expr to allow customization of its eSports matchmaking algorithm.
  • qiniu uses Expr in trade systems.
  • Junglee Games uses Expr for an in house marketing retention tool Project Audience.
  • OpenTelemetry uses Expr in the OpenTelemetry Collector.
  • Philips Labs uses Expr in Tabia, a tool for collecting insights on the characteristics of our code bases.
  • CoreDNS uses Expr in CoreDNS, a DNS server.
  • Chaos Mesh uses Expr in Chaos Mesh, a cloud-native Chaos Engineering platform.
  • Milvus uses Expr in Milvus, an open-source vector database.
  • Visually.io uses Expr as a business rule engine for our personalization targeting algorithm.
  • Akvorado uses Expr to classify exporters and interfaces in network flows.

Add your company too

License

MIT

Documentation

Index

Examples

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func Compile 

func Compile(input string, ops ...Option) (*vm.Program, error)

Compile parses and compiles given input expression to bytecode program.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"foo": 1,
		"bar": 99,
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile("foo in 1..99 and bar in 1..99", expr.Env(env))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

Output:

true

func Eval 

func Eval(input string, env interface{}) (interface{}, error)

Eval parses, compiles and runs given input.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	output, err := expr.Eval("greet + name", map[string]interface{}{
		"greet": "Hello, ",
		"name":  "world!",
	})
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("err: %v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

Output:

Hello, world!
Example (Runtime_error) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	_, err := expr.Eval(`map(1..3, {1 % (# - 3)})`, nil)
	fmt.Print(err)

}

Output:

runtime error: integer divide by zero (1:14)
 | map(1..3, {1 % (# - 3)})
 | .............^

func Run 

func Run(program *vm.Program, env interface{}) (interface{}, error)

Run evaluates given bytecode program.

Types

type Option 

type Option func(c *conf.Config)

Option for configuring config.

func AllowUndefinedVariables 

func AllowUndefinedVariables() Option

AllowUndefinedVariables allows to use undefined variables inside expressions. This can be used with expr.Env option to partially define a few variables.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	code := `name == nil ? "Hello, world!" : sprintf("Hello, %v!", name)`

	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"sprintf": fmt.Sprintf,
	}

	options := []expr.Option{
		expr.Env(env),
		expr.AllowUndefinedVariables(), // Allow to use undefined variables.
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, options...)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("%v\n", output)

	env["name"] = "you" // Define variables later on.

	output, err = expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("%v\n", output)

}

Output:

Hello, world!
Hello, you!
Example (Zero_value) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	code := `name == "" ? foo + bar : foo + name`

	// If environment has different zero values, then undefined variables
	// will have it as default value.
	env := map[string]string{}

	options := []expr.Option{
		expr.Env(env),
		expr.AllowUndefinedVariables(), // Allow to use undefined variables.
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, options...)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	env = map[string]string{
		"foo": "Hello, ",
		"bar": "world!",
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

Output:

Hello, world!
Example (Zero_value_functions) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	code := `words == "" ? Split("foo,bar", ",") : Split(words, ",")`

	// Env is map[string]string type on which methods are defined.
	env := mockMapStringStringEnv{}

	options := []expr.Option{
		expr.Env(env),
		expr.AllowUndefinedVariables(), // Allow to use undefined variables.
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, options...)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

type mockMapStringStringEnv map[string]string

func (m mockMapStringStringEnv) Split(s, sep string) []string {
	return strings.Split(s, sep)
}

Output:

[foo bar]

func AsBool 

func AsBool() Option

AsBool tells the compiler to expect a boolean result.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	env := map[string]int{
		"foo": 0,
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile("foo >= 0", expr.Env(env), expr.AsBool())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output.(bool))

}

Output:

true
Example (Error) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"foo": 0,
	}

	_, err := expr.Compile("foo + 42", expr.Env(env), expr.AsBool())

	fmt.Printf("%v", err)

}

Output:

expected bool, but got int

func AsFloat64 

func AsFloat64() Option

AsFloat64 tells the compiler to expect a float64 result.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	program, err := expr.Compile("42", expr.AsFloat64())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, nil)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output.(float64))

}

Output:

42
Example (Error) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	_, err := expr.Compile(`!!true`, expr.AsFloat64())

	fmt.Printf("%v", err)

}

Output:

expected float64, but got bool

func AsInt added in v1.10.6 

func AsInt() Option

AsInt tells the compiler to expect an int result.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	program, err := expr.Compile("42", expr.AsInt())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, nil)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%T(%v)", output, output)

}

Output:

int(42)

func AsInt64 

func AsInt64() Option

AsInt64 tells the compiler to expect an int64 result.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"rating": 5.5,
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile("rating", expr.Env(env), expr.AsInt64())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output.(int64))

}

Output:

5

func AsKind added in v1.10.6 

func AsKind(kind reflect.Kind) Option

AsKind tells the compiler to expect kind of the result.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	program, err := expr.Compile("{a: 1, b: 2}", expr.AsKind(reflect.Map))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, nil)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

Output:

map[a:1 b:2]

func ConstExpr 

func ConstExpr(fn string) Option

ConstExpr defines func expression as constant. If all argument to this function is constants, then it can be replaced by result of this func call on compile step.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func fib(n int) int {
	if n <= 1 {
		return n
	}
	return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
}

func main() {
	code := `[fib(5), fib(3+3), fib(dyn)]`

	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"fib": fib,
		"dyn": 0,
	}

	options := []expr.Option{
		expr.Env(env),
		expr.ConstExpr("fib"), // Mark fib func as constant expression.
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, options...)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	// Only fib(5) and fib(6) calculated on Compile, fib(dyn) can be called at runtime.
	env["dyn"] = 7

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", output)

}

Output:

[5 8 13]

func Env 

func Env(env interface{}) Option

Env specifies expected input of env for type checks. If struct is passed, all fields will be treated as variables, as well as all fields of embedded structs and struct itself. If map is passed, all items will be treated as variables. Methods defined on this type will be available as functions.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	type Segment struct {
		Origin string
	}
	type Passengers struct {
		Adults int
	}
	type Meta struct {
		Tags map[string]string
	}
	type Env struct {
		Meta
		Segments   []*Segment
		Passengers *Passengers
		Marker     string
	}

	code := `all(Segments, {.Origin == "MOW"}) && Passengers.Adults > 0 && Tags["foo"] startsWith "bar"`

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, expr.Env(Env{}))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	env := Env{
		Meta: Meta{
			Tags: map[string]string{
				"foo": "bar",
			},
		},
		Segments: []*Segment{
			{Origin: "MOW"},
		},
		Passengers: &Passengers{
			Adults: 2,
		},
		Marker: "test",
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

Output:

true
Example (Tagged_field_names) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	env := struct {
		FirstWord  string
		Separator  string `expr:"Space"`
		SecondWord string `expr:"second_word"`
	}{
		FirstWord:  "Hello",
		Separator:  " ",
		SecondWord: "World",
	}

	output, err := expr.Eval(`FirstWord + Space + second_word`, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

	// Output : Hello World
}

Output:

func Function added in v1.11.2 

func Function(name string, fn func(params ...interface{}) (interface{}, error), types ...interface{}) Option

Function adds function to list of functions what will be available in expressions.

func Operator 

func Operator(operator string, fn ...string) Option

Operator allows to replace a binary operator with a function.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
)

func main() {
	code := `
		Now() > CreatedAt &&
		(Now() - CreatedAt).Hours() > 24
	`

	type Env struct {
		CreatedAt time.Time
		Now       func() time.Time
		Sub       func(a, b time.Time) time.Duration
		After     func(a, b time.Time) bool
	}

	options := []expr.Option{
		expr.Env(Env{}),
		expr.Operator(">", "After"),
		expr.Operator("-", "Sub"),
	}

	program, err := expr.Compile(code, options...)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	env := Env{
		CreatedAt: time.Date(2018, 7, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
		Now:       func() time.Time { return time.Now() },
		Sub:       func(a, b time.Time) time.Duration { return a.Sub(b) },
		After:     func(a, b time.Time) bool { return a.After(b) },
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

}

Output:

true

func Optimize 

func Optimize(b bool) Option

Optimize turns optimizations on or off.

func Patch 

func Patch(visitor ast.Visitor) Option

Patch adds visitor to list of visitors what will be applied before compiling AST to bytecode.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/ilius/expr"
	"github.com/ilius/expr/ast"
)

func main() {
	/*
		type patcher struct{}

		func (p *patcher) Visit(node *ast.Node) {
			switch n := (*node).(type) {
			case *ast.MemberNode:
				ast.Patch(node, &ast.CallNode{
					Callee:    &ast.IdentifierNode{Value: "get"},
					Arguments: []ast.Node{n.Node, n.Property},
				})
			}
		}
	*/

	program, err := expr.Compile(
		`greet.you.world + "!"`,
		expr.Patch(&patcher{}),
	)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}

	env := map[string]interface{}{
		"greet": "Hello",
		"get": func(a, b string) string {
			return a + ", " + b
		},
	}

	output, err := expr.Run(program, env)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("%v", output)

	// Output : Hello, you, world!
}

type patcher struct{}

func (p *patcher) Visit(node *ast.Node) {
	switch n := (*node).(type) {
	case *ast.MemberNode:
		ast.Patch(node, &ast.CallNode{
			Callee:    &ast.IdentifierNode{Value: "get"},
			Arguments: []ast.Node{n.Node, n.Property},
		})
	}
}

Output:

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
lexer
test
mock
real_world
real_world/real_docs
vm
func_types
runtime
runtime/helpers

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