img

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Published: May 16, 2018 License: MIT Imports: 39 Imported by: 0

README

img

Build Status

Standalone, daemon-less, unprivileged Dockerfile and OCI compatible container image builder.

img is more cache-efficient than Docker and can also execute multiple build stages concurrently, as it internally uses BuildKit's DAG solver.

The commands/UX are the same as docker {build,push,pull,login} so all you have to do is replace docker with img in your scripts, command line, and/or life.

You might also be interested in reading:

Currently you can run it as unprivileged and there are a few ways to go about this, the default backend naive will not mount if you are running as an unprivileged user and so it should work. You can learn more about the snapshotter backends here.

However, it does not currently work as an unprivileged user in a container due to the fact that it cant mount proc inside the container. See opencontainers/runc#1658 for more info.

But it will work as an unprivileged user on your host with a runc that is compiled from the following branch: AkihiroSuda/runc/tree/demo-rootless. I also uploaded one here: https://misc.j3ss.co/tmp/runc, if you trust me.

TLDR; will work unprivileged on your host not in a container til we work out some kinks.

asciicast

Acknowledgements

A lot of this is based on the work of moby/buildkit. Thanks @tonistiigi and @AkihiroSuda!

Prior Art

The best one you should be using is cyphar/orca-build.

You can already do the same thing as img today with skopeo and umoci. This is just a hack on top of buildkit. I thought it was fun to try a FUSE snapshotter and then I saw @AkihiroSuda's runc patches for making buildkit rootless and thought it would be fun to use as well.

THIS IS NOT NOVEL.

You could even probably use buildah as unprivileged if you use the same instructions from the unprivileged mounting section below.

OR you can read this blog post and use skopeo, ostree and runc.

Table of Contents

Installation

You need to have runc, execv, and newuidmap installed. On ubuntu the former two are provided by the packages setpriv and uidmap

For the FUSE backend, you will also need fusermount installed.

NOTE: These steps work only for Linux. Compile and run in a container (explained below) if you're on Windows or MacOS.

Binaries
Via Go
$ go get github.com/genuinetools/img
From Source
$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/genuinetools
$ git clone https://github.com/genuinetools/img $GOPATH/src/github.com/genuinetools/img
$ cd !$
$ make
$ sudo make install
Running with Docker
$ docker run --rm -it \
    --name img \
    --volume $(pwd):/home/user/src:ro \ # for the build context and dockerfile, can be read-only since we won't modify it
    --workdir /home/user/src \ # set the builder working directory
    --volume "${HOME}/.docker:/root/.docker:ro" \ # for credentials to push to docker hub or a registry
    --cap-add SETGID \  # so we can set groups
    --cap-add SETUID \  # so we can map users in a user namespace
    --security-opt apparmor=unconfined \ # turn off apparmor so we can mount unprivileged
    --security-opt seccomp=unconfined \ # turn off seccomp because it blocks new user namespaces
    r.j3ss.co/img build -t user/myimage .

Usage

$ img -h
Usage: img <command>

Commands:

  build    Build an image from a Dockerfile.
  du       Show image disk usage.
  ls       List images and digests.
  login    Log in to a Docker registry.
  pull     Pull an image or a repository from a registry.
  push     Push an image or a repository to a registry.
  rm       Remove one or more images.
  save     Save an image to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default).
  tag      Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE.
  version  Show the version information.
Build an Image
$ img build -h
Usage: img build [OPTIONS] PATH

Build an image from a Dockerfile.

Flags:

  -backend    backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -build-arg  Set build-time variables (default: [])
  -d          enable debug logging (default: false)
  -f          Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile') (default: <none>)
  -state      directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
  -t          Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format (default: <none>)
  -target     Set the target build stage to build (default: <none>)

Use just like you would docker build.

$ img build -t jess/img .
Building jess/img
Setting up the rootfs... this may take a bit.
RUN [/bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache      ca-certificates]
--->
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.7/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.7/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
OK: 5 MiB in 12 packages
<--- 5e433zdbh8eosea0u9b70axb3 0 <nil>
RUN [copy /src-0 /dest/go/src/github.com/genuinetools/img]
--->
<--- rqku3imaivvjpgl676se1gupc 0 <nil>
RUN [/bin/sh -c set -x  && apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps             bash            git             gcc             libc-dev      libgcc           libseccomp-dev          linux-headers           make    && cd /go/src/github.com/genuinetools/img   && make static  && mv img /usr/bin/img         && mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/opencontainers   && git clone https://github.com/opencontainers/runc /go/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc     && cd /go/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc    && make static BUILDTAGS="seccomp" EXTRA_FLAGS="-buildmode pie" EXTRA_LDFLAGS="-extldflags \\\"-fno-PIC -static\\\""   && mv runc /usr/bin/runc        && apk del .build-deps  && rm -rf /go   && echo "Build complete."]
--->
+ apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps bash git gcc libc-dev libgcc libseccomp-dev linux-headers make
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.7/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.7/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/28) Installing pkgconf (1.3.10-r0)
(2/28) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.0_p20171125-r0)
(3/28) Installing ncurses-terminfo (6.0_p20171125-r0)
(4/28) Installing ncurses-libs (6.0_p20171125-r0)
(5/28) Installing readline (7.0.003-r0)
(6/28) Installing bash (4.4.19-r1)
....
....
RUN [copy /src-0/certs /dest/etc/ssl/certs]
--->
<--- 6ljir2x800w6deqlradhw0dy2 0 <nil>
Successfully built jess/img
List Image Layers
$ img ls -h
Usage: img ls [OPTIONS]

List images and digests.

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -f        Filter output based on conditions provided (default: [])
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
$ img ls
NAME                    SIZE            CREATED AT      UPDATED AT      DIGEST
jess/img:latest         1.534KiB        9 seconds ago   9 seconds ago   sha256:27d862ac32022946d61afbb91ddfc6a1fa2341a78a0da11ff9595a85f651d51e
jess/thing:latest       591B            30 minutes ago  30 minutes ago  sha256:d664b4e9b9cd8b3067e122ef68180e95dd4494fd4cb01d05632b6e77ce19118e
Pull an Image
$ img pull -h
Usage: img pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

Pull an image or a repository from a registry.

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
$ img pull r.j3ss.co/stress
Pulling r.j3ss.co/stress:latest...
Snapshot ref: sha256:2bb7a0a5f074ffe898b1ef64b3761e7f5062c3bdfe9947960e6db48a998ae1d6
Size: 365.9KiB
Push an Image
$ img push -h
Usage: img push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]

Push an image or a repository to a registry.

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
$ img push jess/thing
Pushing jess/thing:latest...
Successfully pushed jess/thing:latest
Tag an Image
$ img tag -h
Usage: img tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE.

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
$ img tag jess/thing jess/otherthing
Successfully tagged jess/thing as jess/otherthing
Export an Image to Docker
$ img save -h
Usage: img save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save an image to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default).

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -o        Write to a file, instead of STDOUT (default: <none>)
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
$ img save jess/thing | docker load
6c3d70c8619c: Loading layer [==================================================>]  9.927MB/9.927MB                                      
7e336c441b5e: Loading layer [==================================================>]  5.287MB/5.287MB                                      
533fecff21a8: Loading layer [==================================================>]   2.56MB/2.56MB                                       
3db7019eac28: Loading layer [==================================================>]  1.679kB/1.679kB                                      
Loaded image: jess/thing
Remove an Image
Usage: img rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Remove one or more images.

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
Disk Usage
$ img du -h
Usage: img du [OPTIONS]

Show image disk usage.

Flags:

  -backend  backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d        enable debug logging (default: false)
  -f        Filter output based on conditions provided (snapshot ID supported) (default: <none>)
  -state    directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
$ img du 
ID                                                                      RECLAIMABLE     SIZE            DESCRIPTION
sha256:d9a48086f223d28a838263a6c04705c8009fab1dd67cc82c0ee821545de3bf7c true            911.8KiB        pulled from docker.io/tonistiigi/copy@sha256:476e0a67a1e4650c6adaf213269a2913deb7c52cbc77f954026f769d51e1a14e
7ia86xm2e4hzn2u947iqh9ph2                                               true            203.2MiB        mount /dest from exec copy /src-0 /dest/go/src/github.com/genuinetools/img
...
sha256:9f131fba0383a6aaf25ecd78bd5f37003e41a4385d7f38c3b0cde352ad7676da true            958.6KiB        pulled from docker.io/library/golang:alpine@sha256:a0045fbb52a7ef318937e84cf7ad3301b4d2ba6cecc2d01804f428a1e39d1dfc
sha256:c4151b5a5de5b7e272b2b6a3a4518c980d6e7f580f39c85370330a1bff5821f1 true            472.3KiB        pulled from docker.io/tonistiigi/copy@sha256:476e0a67a1e4650c6adaf213269a2913deb7c52cbc77f954026f769d51e1a14e
sha256:ae4ecac23119cc920f9e44847334815d32bdf82f6678069d8a8be103c1ee2891 true            148.9MiB        pulled from docker.io/library/debian:buster@sha256:a7789365b226786a0cb9e0f142c515f9f2ede7164a6f6be4a1dc4bfe19d5ec9c
bkrjrzv3nvp7lvzd5cw9vzut7*                                              true            4.879KiB        local source for dockerfile
sha256:db193011cbfc238d622d65c4099750758df83d74571e8d7498392b17df381207 true            467.2MiB        pulled from docker.io/library/golang:alpine@sha256:a0045fbb52a7ef318937e84cf7ad3301b4d2ba6cecc2d01804f428a1e39d1dfc
wn4m5i5swdcjvt1ud5bvtr75h*                                              true            4.204KiB        local source for dockerfile
Reclaimable:    1.08GiB
Total:          1.08GiB
Login to a Registry
$ img login -h
Usage: img login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]

Log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified, the default (https://index.docker.io/v1/) is used.

Flags:

  -backend         backend for snapshots ([fuse naive overlayfs]) (default: naive)
  -d               enable debug logging (default: false)
  -p               Password (default: <none>)
  -password-stdin  Take the password from stdin (default: false)
  -state           directory to hold the global state (default: /tmp/img)
  -u               Username (default: <none>)

About

Goals

This project is not trying to reinvent buildkit. If anything all changes and modifications for buildkit without privileges are being done upstream. The goal of this project is to in the future just be a glorified cli tool on top of buildkit.

Snapshotter Backends
naive

The default backend is currently set to naive and if you run it as an unprivileged user is will not attempt to ever mount.

It can be made unprivileged with mounts and that work is being done, see the unprivileged mounting section below.

overlayfs

You can also use overlayfs backend, but that requires a kernel patch from Ubuntu to be unprivileged, see #22.

fuse

The fuse backend runs completely in userspace. It is a bit buggy and a work in progress so hang tight.

Unprivileged Mounting

To mount a filesystem without root access you need to do it from a mount and user namespace.

Make sure you have user namespace support enabled. On some distros (Debian and Arch Linux) this requires running echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone.

You also need a version of runc with the patches from opencontainers/runc#1688.

Example:

# unshare a mountns and userns 
# and remap the user inside the namespaces to your current user
$ unshare -m -U --map-root-user

# then you can run img
$ img build -t user/myimage .

Note that unshare -m -U --map-root-user does not make use of subuid(5)/subgid(5), and also, it disables setgroups(2), which is typically required by apt.

So we might want to use newuidmap(1)/newgidmap(1) SUID binaries to enable these features. See opencontainers/runc#1692 and opencontainers/runc#1693.

If depending on these SUID binaries is problematic, we could use ptrace hacks such as PRoot, although its performance overhead is not negligible. (#15 and AkihiroSuda/runrootless)

For the on-going work toward integrating runc with these patches to buildkit, please refer to moby/buildkit#252 and AkihiroSuda/buildkit_poc@511c7e71.

Contributing

Please do! This is a new project and can use some love <3. Check out the issues.

The local directories are mostly re-implementations of buildkit interfaces to be unprivileged.

Documentation

The Go Gopher

There is no documentation for this package.

Directories

Path Synopsis
executor
exporter
snapshots
source
util

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