题目
Write a program to find the n
-th ugly number.
Ugly numbers are positive integers which are divisible by a
or b
or c
.
Example 1:
Input: n = 3, a = 2, b = 3, c = 5
Output: 4
Explanation: The ugly numbers are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10... The 3rd is 4.
Example 2:
Input: n = 4, a = 2, b = 3, c = 4
Output: 6
Explanation: The ugly numbers are 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12... The 4th is 6.
Example 3:
Input: n = 5, a = 2, b = 11, c = 13
Output: 10
Explanation: The ugly numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13... The 5th is 10.
Example 4:
Input: n = 1000000000, a = 2, b = 217983653, c = 336916467
Output: 1999999984
Constraints:
1 <= n, a, b, c <= 10^9
1 <= a * b * c <= 10^18
- It's guaranteed that the result will be in range
[1, 2 * 10^9]
题目大意
请你帮忙设计一个程序,用来找出第 n 个丑数。丑数是可以被 a 或 b 或 c 整除的 正整数。
提示:
- 1 <= n, a, b, c <= 10^9
- 1 <= a * b * c <= 10^18
- 本题结果在 [1, 2 * 10^9] 的范围内
解题思路
- 给出 4 个数字,a,b,c,n。要求输出可以整除 a 或者整除 b 或者整除 c 的第 n 个数。
- 这一题限定了解的范围,
[1, 2 * 10^9]
,所以直接二分搜索来求解。逐步二分逼近 low 值,直到找到能满足条件的 low 的最小值,即为最终答案。
- 这一题的关键在如何判断一个数是第几个数。一个数能整除 a,能整除 b,能整除 c,那么它应该是第
num/a + num/b + num/c - num/ab - num/bc - num/ac + num/abc
个数。这个就是韦恩图。需要注意的是,求 ab
、bc
、ac
、abc
的时候需要再除以各自的最大公约数 gcd()
。