leetcode

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Published: Dec 11, 2024 License: MIT Imports: 0 Imported by: 0

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518. Coin Change II

题目

You are given an integer array coins representing coins of different denominations and an integer amount representing a total amount of money.

Return the number of combinations that make up that amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any combination of the coins, return 0.

You may assume that you have an infinite number of each kind of coin.

The answer is guaranteed to fit into a signed 32-bit integer.

Example 1:

Input: amount = 5, coins = [1,2,5]
Output: 4
Explanation: there are four ways to make up the amount:
5=5
5=2+2+1
5=2+1+1+1
5=1+1+1+1+1

Example 2:

Input: amount = 3, coins = [2]
Output: 0
Explanation: the amount of 3 cannot be made up just with coins of 2.

Example 3:

Input: amount = 10, coins = [10]
Output: 1

Constraints:

  • 1 <= coins.length <= 300
  • 1 <= coins[i] <= 5000
  • All the values of coins are unique.
  • 0 <= amount <= 5000

题目大意

给你一个整数数组 coins 表示不同面额的硬币,另给一个整数 amount 表示总金额。请你计算并返回可以凑成总金额的硬币组合数。如果任何硬币组合都无法凑出总金额,返回 0 。假设每一种面额的硬币有无限个。题目数据保证结果符合 32 位带符号整数。

解题思路

  • 此题虽然名字叫 Coin Change,但是不是经典的背包九讲问题。题目中 coins 的每个元素可以选取多次,且不考虑选取元素的顺序,因此这道题实际需要计算的是选取硬币的组合数。定义 dp[i] 表示金额之和等于 i 的硬币组合数,目标求 dp[amount]。初始边界条件为 dp[0] = 1,即不取任何硬币,就这一种取法,金额为 0 。状态转移方程 dp[i] += dp[i-coin],coin 为当前枚举的 coin。
  • 可能有读者会有疑惑,上述做法会不会出现重复计算。答案是不会。外层循环是遍历数组 coins 的值,内层循环是遍历不同的金额之和,在计算 dp[i] 的值时,可以确保金额之和等于 i 的硬币面额的顺序,由于顺序确定,因此不会重复计算不同的排列。
  • 和此题完全一致的解题思路的题有,第 377 题和第 494 题。

代码

package leetcode

func change(amount int, coins []int) int {
	dp := make([]int, amount+1)
	dp[0] = 1
	for _, coin := range coins {
		for i := coin; i <= amount; i++ {
			dp[i] += dp[i-coin]
		}
	}
	return dp[amount]
}

Documentation

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