题目
You are given an integer array coins
representing coins of different denominations and an integer amount
representing a total amount of money.
Return the number of combinations that make up that amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any combination of the coins, return 0
.
You may assume that you have an infinite number of each kind of coin.
The answer is guaranteed to fit into a signed 32-bit integer.
Example 1:
Input: amount = 5, coins = [1,2,5]
Output: 4
Explanation: there are four ways to make up the amount:
5=5
5=2+2+1
5=2+1+1+1
5=1+1+1+1+1
Example 2:
Input: amount = 3, coins = [2]
Output: 0
Explanation: the amount of 3 cannot be made up just with coins of 2.
Example 3:
Input: amount = 10, coins = [10]
Output: 1
Constraints:
1 <= coins.length <= 300
1 <= coins[i] <= 5000
- All the values of
coins
are unique.
0 <= amount <= 5000
题目大意
给你一个整数数组 coins 表示不同面额的硬币,另给一个整数 amount 表示总金额。请你计算并返回可以凑成总金额的硬币组合数。如果任何硬币组合都无法凑出总金额,返回 0 。假设每一种面额的硬币有无限个。题目数据保证结果符合 32 位带符号整数。
解题思路
- 此题虽然名字叫 Coin Change,但是不是经典的背包九讲问题。题目中 coins 的每个元素可以选取多次,且不考虑选取元素的顺序,因此这道题实际需要计算的是选取硬币的组合数。定义 dp[i] 表示金额之和等于 i 的硬币组合数,目标求 dp[amount]。初始边界条件为 dp[0] = 1,即不取任何硬币,就这一种取法,金额为 0 。状态转移方程 dp[i] += dp[i-coin],coin 为当前枚举的 coin。
- 可能有读者会有疑惑,上述做法会不会出现重复计算。答案是不会。外层循环是遍历数组 coins 的值,内层循环是遍历不同的金额之和,在计算 dp[i] 的值时,可以确保金额之和等于 i 的硬币面额的顺序,由于顺序确定,因此不会重复计算不同的排列。
- 和此题完全一致的解题思路的题有,第 377 题和第 494 题。
代码
package leetcode
func change(amount int, coins []int) int {
dp := make([]int, amount+1)
dp[0] = 1
for _, coin := range coins {
for i := coin; i <= amount; i++ {
dp[i] += dp[i-coin]
}
}
return dp[amount]
}