题目
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, 2
is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. 12
is written as XII
, which is simply X + II
. The number 27
is written as XXVII
, which is XX + V + II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed before V
(5) and X
(10) to make 4 and 9.
X
can be placed before L
(50) and C
(100) to make 40 and 90.
C
can be placed before D
(500) and M
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.
Example 1:
Input: num = 3
Output: "III"
Example 2:
Input: num = 4
Output: "IV"
Example 3:
Input: num = 9
Output: "IX"
Example 4:
Input: num = 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: num = 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Constraints:
题目大意
通常情况下,罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例,例如 4 不写做 IIII,而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边,所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地,数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况:
- I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边,来表示 4 和 9。
- X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边,来表示 40 和 90。
- C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边,来表示 400 和 900。
给定一个整数,将其转为罗马数字。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。
解题思路
- 依照题意,优先选择大的数字,解题思路采用贪心算法。将 1-3999 范围内的罗马数字从大到小放在数组中,从头选择到尾,即可把整数转成罗马数字。
代码
package leetcode
func intToRoman(num int) string {
values := []int{1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1}
symbols := []string{"M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL", "X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I"}
res, i := "", 0
for num != 0 {
for values[i] > num {
i++
}
num -= values[i]
res += symbols[i]
}
return res
}