Documentation
¶
Overview ¶
Package big implements multi-precision arithmetic (big numbers). The following numeric types are supported:
- Int signed integers
- Rat rational numbers
Methods are typically of the form:
func (z *Int) Op(x, y *Int) *Int (similar for *Rat)
and implement operations z = x Op y with the result as receiver; if it is one of the operands it may be overwritten (and its memory reused). To enable chaining of operations, the result is also returned. Methods returning a result other than *Int or *Rat take one of the operands as the receiver.
Index ¶
- Constants
- type Int
- func (z *Int) Abs(x *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Add(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) And(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) AndNot(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Binomial(n, k int64) *Int
- func (x *Int) Bit(i int) uint
- func (x *Int) BitLen() int
- func (x *Int) Bits() []Word
- func (x *Int) Bytes() []byte
- func (x *Int) Cmp(y *Int) (r int)
- func (z *Int) Div(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) DivMod(x, y, m *Int) (*Int, *Int)
- func (z *Int) Exp(x, y, m *Int) *Int
- func (x *Int) Format(s fmt.State, ch rune)
- func (z *Int) GCD(x, y, a, b *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) GobDecode(buf []byte) error
- func (x *Int) GobEncode() ([]byte, error)
- func (x *Int) Int64() int64
- func (z *Int) Lsh(x *Int, n uint) *Int
- func (z *Int) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)
- func (z *Int) MarshalText() (text []byte, err error)
- func (z *Int) Mod(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) ModInverse(g, n *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Mul(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) MulRange(a, b int64) *Int
- func (z *Int) Neg(x *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Not(x *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Or(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (x *Int) ProbablyPrime(n int) bool
- func (z *Int) Quo(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) QuoRem(x, y, r *Int) (*Int, *Int)
- func (z *Int) Rand(rnd *rand.Rand, n *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Rem(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) Rsh(x *Int, n uint) *Int
- func (z *Int) Scan(s fmt.ScanState, ch rune) error
- func (z *Int) Set(x *Int) *Int
- func (z *Int) SetBit(x *Int, i int, b uint) *Int
- func (z *Int) SetBits(abs []Word) *Int
- func (z *Int) SetBytes(buf []byte) *Int
- func (z *Int) SetInt64(x int64) *Int
- func (z *Int) SetString(s string, base int) (*Int, bool)
- func (z *Int) SetUint64(x uint64) *Int
- func (x *Int) Sign() int
- func (x *Int) String() string
- func (z *Int) Sub(x, y *Int) *Int
- func (x *Int) Uint64() uint64
- func (z *Int) UnmarshalJSON(text []byte) error
- func (z *Int) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error
- func (z *Int) Xor(x, y *Int) *Int
- type Rat
- func (z *Rat) Abs(x *Rat) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) Add(x, y *Rat) *Rat
- func (x *Rat) Cmp(y *Rat) int
- func (x *Rat) Denom() *Int
- func (x *Rat) Float32() (f float32, exact bool)
- func (x *Rat) Float64() (f float64, exact bool)
- func (x *Rat) FloatString(prec int) string
- func (z *Rat) GobDecode(buf []byte) error
- func (x *Rat) GobEncode() ([]byte, error)
- func (z *Rat) Inv(x *Rat) *Rat
- func (x *Rat) IsInt() bool
- func (r *Rat) MarshalText() (text []byte, err error)
- func (z *Rat) Mul(x, y *Rat) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) Neg(x *Rat) *Rat
- func (x *Rat) Num() *Int
- func (z *Rat) Quo(x, y *Rat) *Rat
- func (x *Rat) RatString() string
- func (z *Rat) Scan(s fmt.ScanState, ch rune) error
- func (z *Rat) Set(x *Rat) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) SetFloat64(f float64) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) SetFrac(a, b *Int) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) SetFrac64(a, b int64) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) SetInt(x *Int) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) SetInt64(x int64) *Rat
- func (z *Rat) SetString(s string) (*Rat, bool)
- func (x *Rat) Sign() int
- func (x *Rat) String() string
- func (z *Rat) Sub(x, y *Rat) *Rat
- func (r *Rat) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error
- type Word
Examples ¶
Constants ¶
const MaxBase = 'z' - 'a' + 10 + 1 // = hexValue('z') + 1
MaxBase is the largest number base accepted for string conversions.
Variables ¶
This section is empty.
Functions ¶
This section is empty.
Types ¶
type Int ¶
type Int struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
An Int represents a signed multi-precision integer. The zero value for an Int represents the value 0.
func (*Int) Bit ¶
Bit returns the value of the i'th bit of x. That is, it returns (x>>i)&1. The bit index i must be >= 0.
func (*Int) BitLen ¶
BitLen returns the length of the absolute value of x in bits. The bit length of 0 is 0.
func (*Int) Bits ¶
Bits provides raw (unchecked but fast) access to x by returning its absolute value as a little-endian Word slice. The result and x share the same underlying array. Bits is intended to support implementation of missing low-level Int functionality outside this package; it should be avoided otherwise.
func (*Int) Div ¶
Div sets z to the quotient x/y for y != 0 and returns z. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs. Div implements Euclidean division (unlike Go); see DivMod for more details.
func (*Int) DivMod ¶
DivMod sets z to the quotient x div y and m to the modulus x mod y and returns the pair (z, m) for y != 0. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs.
DivMod implements Euclidean division and modulus (unlike Go):
q = x div y such that m = x - y*q with 0 <= m < |q|
(See Raymond T. Boute, “The Euclidean definition of the functions div and mod”. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), 14(2):127-144, New York, NY, USA, 4/1992. ACM press.) See QuoRem for T-division and modulus (like Go).
func (*Int) Exp ¶
Exp sets z = x**y mod |m| (i.e. the sign of m is ignored), and returns z. If y <= 0, the result is 1 mod |m|; if m == nil or m == 0, z = x**y. See Knuth, volume 2, section 4.6.3.
func (*Int) Format ¶
Format is a support routine for fmt.Formatter. It accepts the formats 'b' (binary), 'o' (octal), 'd' (decimal), 'x' (lowercase hexadecimal), and 'X' (uppercase hexadecimal). Also supported are the full suite of package fmt's format verbs for integral types, including '+', '-', and ' ' for sign control, '#' for leading zero in octal and for hexadecimal, a leading "0x" or "0X" for "%#x" and "%#X" respectively, specification of minimum digits precision, output field width, space or zero padding, and left or right justification.
func (*Int) GCD ¶
GCD sets z to the greatest common divisor of a and b, which both must be > 0, and returns z. If x and y are not nil, GCD sets x and y such that z = a*x + b*y. If either a or b is <= 0, GCD sets z = x = y = 0.
func (*Int) Int64 ¶
Int64 returns the int64 representation of x. If x cannot be represented in an int64, the result is undefined.
func (*Int) MarshalJSON ¶
MarshalJSON implements the json.Marshaler interface.
func (*Int) MarshalText ¶
MarshalText implements the encoding.TextMarshaler interface.
func (*Int) Mod ¶
Mod sets z to the modulus x%y for y != 0 and returns z. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs. Mod implements Euclidean modulus (unlike Go); see DivMod for more details.
func (*Int) ModInverse ¶
ModInverse sets z to the multiplicative inverse of g in the ring ℤ/nℤ and returns z. If g and n are not relatively prime, the result is undefined.
func (*Int) MulRange ¶
MulRange sets z to the product of all integers in the range [a, b] inclusively and returns z. If a > b (empty range), the result is 1.
func (*Int) ProbablyPrime ¶
ProbablyPrime performs n Miller-Rabin tests to check whether x is prime. If it returns true, x is prime with probability 1 - 1/4^n. If it returns false, x is not prime.
func (*Int) Quo ¶
Quo sets z to the quotient x/y for y != 0 and returns z. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs. Quo implements truncated division (like Go); see QuoRem for more details.
func (*Int) QuoRem ¶
QuoRem sets z to the quotient x/y and r to the remainder x%y and returns the pair (z, r) for y != 0. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs.
QuoRem implements T-division and modulus (like Go):
q = x/y with the result truncated to zero r = x - y*q
(See Daan Leijen, “Division and Modulus for Computer Scientists”.) See DivMod for Euclidean division and modulus (unlike Go).
func (*Int) Rem ¶
Rem sets z to the remainder x%y for y != 0 and returns z. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs. Rem implements truncated modulus (like Go); see QuoRem for more details.
func (*Int) Scan ¶
Scan is a support routine for fmt.Scanner; it sets z to the value of the scanned number. It accepts the formats 'b' (binary), 'o' (octal), 'd' (decimal), 'x' (lowercase hexadecimal), and 'X' (uppercase hexadecimal).
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"math/big"
)
func main() {
// The Scan function is rarely used directly;
// the fmt package recognizes it as an implementation of fmt.Scanner.
i := new(big.Int)
_, err := fmt.Sscan("18446744073709551617", i)
if err != nil {
log.Println("error scanning value:", err)
} else {
fmt.Println(i)
}
}
Output: 18446744073709551617
func (*Int) SetBit ¶
SetBit sets z to x, with x's i'th bit set to b (0 or 1). That is, if b is 1 SetBit sets z = x | (1 << i); if b is 0 SetBit sets z = x &^ (1 << i). If b is not 0 or 1, SetBit will panic.
func (*Int) SetBits ¶
SetBits provides raw (unchecked but fast) access to z by setting its value to abs, interpreted as a little-endian Word slice, and returning z. The result and abs share the same underlying array. SetBits is intended to support implementation of missing low-level Int functionality outside this package; it should be avoided otherwise.
func (*Int) SetBytes ¶
SetBytes interprets buf as the bytes of a big-endian unsigned integer, sets z to that value, and returns z.
func (*Int) SetString ¶
SetString sets z to the value of s, interpreted in the given base, and returns z and a boolean indicating success. If SetString fails, the value of z is undefined but the returned value is nil.
The base argument must be 0 or a value from 2 through MaxBase. If the base is 0, the string prefix determines the actual conversion base. A prefix of “0x” or “0X” selects base 16; the “0” prefix selects base 8, and a “0b” or “0B” prefix selects base 2. Otherwise the selected base is 10.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
)
func main() {
i := new(big.Int)
i.SetString("644", 8) // octal
fmt.Println(i)
}
Output: 420
func (*Int) Uint64 ¶
Uint64 returns the uint64 representation of x. If x cannot be represented in a uint64, the result is undefined.
func (*Int) UnmarshalJSON ¶
UnmarshalJSON implements the json.Unmarshaler interface.
func (*Int) UnmarshalText ¶
UnmarshalText implements the encoding.TextUnmarshaler interface.
type Rat ¶
type Rat struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
A Rat represents a quotient a/b of arbitrary precision. The zero value for a Rat represents the value 0.
func (*Rat) Denom ¶
Denom returns the denominator of x; it is always > 0. The result is a reference to x's denominator; it may change if a new value is assigned to x, and vice versa.
func (*Rat) Float32 ¶
Float32 returns the nearest float32 value for x and a bool indicating whether f represents x exactly. If the magnitude of x is too large to be represented by a float32, f is an infinity and exact is false. The sign of f always matches the sign of x, even if f == 0.
func (*Rat) Float64 ¶
Float64 returns the nearest float64 value for x and a bool indicating whether f represents x exactly. If the magnitude of x is too large to be represented by a float64, f is an infinity and exact is false. The sign of f always matches the sign of x, even if f == 0.
func (*Rat) FloatString ¶
FloatString returns a string representation of x in decimal form with prec digits of precision after the decimal point and the last digit rounded.
func (*Rat) MarshalText ¶
MarshalText implements the encoding.TextMarshaler interface.
func (*Rat) Num ¶
Num returns the numerator of x; it may be <= 0. The result is a reference to x's numerator; it may change if a new value is assigned to x, and vice versa. The sign of the numerator corresponds to the sign of x.
func (*Rat) Quo ¶
Quo sets z to the quotient x/y and returns z. If y == 0, a division-by-zero run-time panic occurs.
func (*Rat) RatString ¶
RatString returns a string representation of x in the form "a/b" if b != 1, and in the form "a" if b == 1.
func (*Rat) Scan ¶
Scan is a support routine for fmt.Scanner. It accepts the formats 'e', 'E', 'f', 'F', 'g', 'G', and 'v'. All formats are equivalent.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"math/big"
)
func main() {
// The Scan function is rarely used directly;
// the fmt package recognizes it as an implementation of fmt.Scanner.
r := new(big.Rat)
_, err := fmt.Sscan("1.5000", r)
if err != nil {
log.Println("error scanning value:", err)
} else {
fmt.Println(r)
}
}
Output: 3/2
func (*Rat) SetFloat64 ¶
SetFloat64 sets z to exactly f and returns z. If f is not finite, SetFloat returns nil.
func (*Rat) SetString ¶
SetString sets z to the value of s and returns z and a boolean indicating success. s can be given as a fraction "a/b" or as a floating-point number optionally followed by an exponent. If the operation failed, the value of z is undefined but the returned value is nil.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
)
func main() {
r := new(big.Rat)
r.SetString("355/113")
fmt.Println(r.FloatString(3))
}
Output: 3.142
func (*Rat) String ¶
String returns a string representation of x in the form "a/b" (even if b == 1).
func (*Rat) UnmarshalText ¶
UnmarshalText implements the encoding.TextUnmarshaler interface.
Source Files