markdown

README

Markdown Parser and HTML Renderer for Go

Package github.com/gomarkdown/markdown is a Go library for parsing Markdown text and rendering as HTML.

It's very fast and supports common extensions.

Tutorial: https://blog.kowalczyk.info/article/cxn3/advanced-markdown-processing-in-go.html

Code examples:

• https://tools.arslexis.io/goplayground/#txO7hJ-ibeU : basic markdown => HTML
• https://tools.arslexis.io/goplayground/#yFRIWRiu-KL : customize HTML renderer
• https://tools.arslexis.io/goplayground/#2yV5-HDKBUV : modify AST
• https://tools.arslexis.io/goplayground/#9fqKwRbuJ04 : customize parser
• https://tools.arslexis.io/goplayground/#Bk0zTvrzUDR : syntax highlight

Those examples are also in examples directory.

API Docs:

• https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gomarkdown/markdown : top level package
• https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/ast : defines abstract syntax tree of parsed markdown document
• https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/parser : parser
• https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/html : html renderer

Usage

To convert markdown text to HTML using reasonable defaults:

package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown"
	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/ast"
	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/html"
	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/parser"

	"fmt"
)

var mds = `# header

Sample text.

[link](http://example.com)
`

func mdToHTML(md []byte) []byte {
	// create markdown parser with extensions
	extensions := parser.CommonExtensions | parser.AutoHeadingIDs | parser.NoEmptyLineBeforeBlock
	p := parser.NewWithExtensions(extensions)
	doc := p.Parse(md)

	// create HTML renderer with extensions
	htmlFlags := html.CommonFlags | html.HrefTargetBlank
	opts := html.RendererOptions{Flags: htmlFlags}
	renderer := html.NewRenderer(opts)

	return markdown.Render(doc, renderer)
}

func main() {
	md := []byte(mds)
	html := mdToHTML(md)

	fmt.Printf("--- Markdown:\n%s\n\n--- HTML:\n%s\n", md, html)
}

Try it online: https://onlinetool.io/goplayground/#txO7hJ-ibeU

For more documentation read this guide

Comparing to other markdown parsers: https://babelmark.github.io/

Sanitize untrusted content

We don't protect against malicious content. When dealing with user-provided markdown, run renderer HTML through HTML sanitizer such as Bluemonday.

Here's an example of simple usage with Bluemonday:

import (
    "github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday"
    "github.com/gomarkdown/markdown"
)

// ...
maybeUnsafeHTML := markdown.ToHTML(md, nil, nil)
html := bluemonday.UGCPolicy().SanitizeBytes(maybeUnsafeHTML)

mdtohtml command-line tool

https://github.com/gomarkdown/mdtohtml is a command-line markdown to html converter built using this library.

You can also use it as an example of how to use the library.

You can install it with:

go get -u github.com/gomarkdown/mdtohtml

To run: mdtohtml input-file [output-file]

Features

• Compatibility. The Markdown v1.0.3 test suite passes with the --tidy option. Without --tidy, the differences are mostly in whitespace and entity escaping, where this package is more consistent and cleaner.

• Common extensions, including table support, fenced code blocks, autolinks, strikethroughs, non-strict emphasis, etc.

• Safety. Markdown is paranoid when parsing, making it safe to feed untrusted user input without fear of bad things happening. The test suite stress tests this and there are no known inputs that make it crash. If you find one, please let me know and send me the input that does it.

  NOTE: "safety" in this context means runtime safety only. In order to protect yourself against JavaScript injection in untrusted content, see this example.

• Fast. It is fast enough to render on-demand in most web applications without having to cache the output.

• Thread safety. You can run multiple parsers in different goroutines without ill effect. There is no dependence on global shared state.

• Minimal dependencies. Only depends on standard library packages in Go.

• Standards compliant. Output successfully validates using the W3C validation tool for HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 Transitional.

Extensions

In addition to the standard markdown syntax, this package implements the following extensions:

• Intra-word emphasis supression. The _ character is commonly used inside words when discussing code, so having markdown interpret it as an emphasis command is usually the wrong thing. We let you treat all emphasis markers as normal characters when they occur inside a word.

• Tables. Tables can be created by drawing them in the input using a simple syntax:

  Name    | Age
  --------|------
  Bob     | 27
  Alice   | 23
  

  Table footers are supported as well and can be added with equal signs (=):

  Name    | Age
  --------|------
  Bob     | 27
  Alice   | 23
  ========|======
  Total   | 50
  

  A cell spanning multiple columns (colspan) is supported, just repeat the pipe symbol:

  Name    | Age
  --------|------
  Bob     ||
  Alice   | 23
  ========|======
  Total   | 23
  

• Fenced code blocks. In addition to the normal 4-space indentation to mark code blocks, you can explicitly mark them and supply a language (to make syntax highlighting simple). Just mark it like this:

  ```go
  func getTrue() bool {
      return true
  }
  ```
  

  You can use 3 or more backticks to mark the beginning of the block, and the same number to mark the end of the block.

• Definition lists. A simple definition list is made of a single-line term followed by a colon and the definition for that term.

  Cat
  : Fluffy animal everyone likes
  
  Internet
  : Vector of transmission for pictures of cats
  

  Terms must be separated from the previous definition by a blank line.

• Footnotes. A marker in the text that will become a superscript number; a footnote definition that will be placed in a list of footnotes at the end of the document. A footnote looks like this:

  This is a footnote.[^1]
  
  [^1]: the footnote text.
  

• Autolinking. We can find URLs that have not been explicitly marked as links and turn them into links.

• Strikethrough. Use two tildes (~~) to mark text that should be crossed out.

• Hard line breaks. With this extension enabled newlines in the input translates into line breaks in the output. This extension is off by default.

• Non blocking space. With this extension enabled spaces preceded by a backslash in the input translates non-blocking spaces in the output. This extension is off by default.

• Smart quotes. Smartypants-style punctuation substitution is supported, turning normal double- and single-quote marks into curly quotes, etc.

• LaTeX-style dash parsing is an additional option, where -- is translated into –, and --- is translated into —. This differs from most smartypants processors, which turn a single hyphen into an ndash and a double hyphen into an mdash.

• Smart fractions, where anything that looks like a fraction is translated into suitable HTML (instead of just a few special cases like most smartypant processors). For example, 4/5 becomes <sup>4</sup>&frasl;<sub>5</sub>, which renders as ⁴⁄₅.

• MathJaX Support is an additional feature which is supported by many markdown editor. It translates inline math equations quoted by $ and displays math blocks quoted by $$ into MathJax compatible format. Hyphens (_) won't break LaTeX render within a math element any more.

  $$
  \left[ \begin{array}{a} a^l_1 \\ ⋮ \\ a^l_{d_l} \end{array}\right]
  = \sigma(
   \left[ \begin{matrix}
   	w^l_{1,1} & ⋯  & w^l_{1,d_{l-1}} \\
   	⋮ & ⋱  & ⋮  \\
   	w^l_{d_l,1} & ⋯  & w^l_{d_l,d_{l-1}} \\
   \end{matrix}\right]  ·
   \left[ \begin{array}{x} a^{l-1}_1 \\ ⋮ \\ ⋮ \\ a^{l-1}_{d_{l-1}} \end{array}\right] +
   \left[ \begin{array}{b} b^l_1 \\ ⋮ \\ b^l_{d_l} \end{array}\right])
   $$
  

• Ordered list start number. With this extension enabled an ordered list will start with the number that was used to start it.

• Super and subscript. With this extension enabled sequences between ^ will indicate superscript and ~ will become a subscript. For example: H2O is a liquid, 2^10^ is 1024.

• Block level attributes allow setting attributes (ID, classes and key/value pairs) on block level elements. The attribute must be enclosed with braces and be put on a line before the element.

  {#id3 .myclass fontsize="tiny"}
  # Header 1
  

  Will convert into <h1 id="id3" class="myclass" fontsize="tiny">Header 1</h1>.

• Mmark support, see https://mmark.miek.nl/post/syntax/ for all new syntax elements this adds.

Users

Some tools using this package: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gomarkdown/markdown?tab=importedby

History

markdown is a fork of v2 of https://github.com/russross/blackfriday.

I refactored the API (split into ast/parser/html sub-packages).

Blackfriday itself was based on C implementation sundown which in turn was based on libsoldout.

License

Simplified BSD License

Documentation

Overview

Package markdown implements markdown parser and HTML renderer.

It parses markdown into AST format which can be serialized to HTML (using html.Renderer) or possibly other formats (using alternate renderers).

Convert markdown to HTML

The simplest way to convert markdown document to HTML

md := []byte("## markdown document")
html := markdown.ToHTML(md, nil, nil)

Customizing parsing and HTML rendering

You can customize parser and HTML renderer:

import (
	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/parser"
	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/renderer"
	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown"
)
extensions := parser.CommonExtensions | parser.AutoHeadingIDs
p := parser.NewWithExtensions(extensions)

htmlFlags := html.CommonFlags | html.HrefTargetBlank
opts := html.RendererOptions{Flags: htmlFlags}
renderer := html.NewRenderer(opts)

md := []byte("markdown text")
html := markdown.ToHTML(md, p, renderer)

For a cmd-line tool see https://github.com/gomarkdown/mdtohtml

Index

• Variables
• func Parse(markdown []byte, p *parser.Parser) ast.Node
• func Render(doc ast.Node, renderer Renderer) []byte
• func ToHTML(markdown []byte, p *parser.Parser, renderer Renderer) []byte
• type Renderer

Variables

var NormalizeNewlines = parser.NormalizeNewlines

NormalizeNewlines converts Windows and Mac newlines to Unix newlines. The parser only supports Unix newlines. If your markdown content might contain Windows or Mac newlines, use this function to convert to Unix newlines

Functions

func Parse

func Parse(markdown []byte, p *parser.Parser) ast.Node

Parse parsers a markdown document using provided parser. If parser is nil, we use parser configured with parser.CommonExtensions.

It returns AST (abstract syntax tree) that can be converted to another format using Render function.

func Render

func Render(doc ast.Node, renderer Renderer) []byte

Render uses renderer to convert parsed markdown document into a different format.

To convert to HTML, pass html.Renderer

func ToHTML

func ToHTML(markdown []byte, p *parser.Parser, renderer Renderer) []byte

ToHTML converts markdownDoc to HTML.

You can optionally pass a parser and renderer. This allows to customize a parser, use a customized html render or use completely custom renderer.

If you pass nil for both, we use parser configured with parser.CommonExtensions and html.Renderer configured with html.CommonFlags.

Types

type Renderer

type Renderer interface {
	// RenderNode renders markdown node to w.
	// It's called once for a leaf node.
	// It's called twice for non-leaf nodes:
	// * first with entering=true
	// * then with entering=false
	//
	// Return value is a way to tell the calling walker to adjust its walk
	// pattern: e.g. it can terminate the traversal by returning Terminate. Or it
	// can ask the walker to skip a subtree of this node by returning SkipChildren.
	// The typical behavior is to return GoToNext, which asks for the usual
	// traversal to the next node.
	RenderNode(w io.Writer, node ast.Node, entering bool) ast.WalkStatus

	// RenderHeader is a method that allows the renderer to produce some
	// content preceding the main body of the output document. The header is
	// understood in the broad sense here. For example, the default HTML
	// renderer will write not only the HTML document preamble, but also the
	// table of contents if it was requested.
	//
	// The method will be passed an entire document tree, in case a particular
	// implementation needs to inspect it to produce output.
	//
	// The output should be written to the supplied writer w. If your
	// implementation has no header to write, supply an empty implementation.
	RenderHeader(w io.Writer, ast ast.Node)

	// RenderFooter is a symmetric counterpart of RenderHeader.
	RenderFooter(w io.Writer, ast ast.Node)
}

Renderer is an interface for implementing custom renderers.