chi

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 Go to latest Published: Feb 26, 2016 License: MIT Imports: 5 Imported by: 0

README

chi

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chi is a small, fast and expressive router / mux for Go HTTP services built with net/context.

Chi encourages writing services by composing small handlers and middlewares with many or few routes. Each middleware is like a layer of an onion connected through a consistent interface (http.Handler or chi.Handler) and a context.Context argument that flows down the layers during a request's lifecycle.

In order to get the most out of this pattern, chi's routing methods (Get, Post, Handle, Mount, etc.) support inline middlewares, middleware groups, and mounting (composing) any chi router to another - a bushel of onions. We've designed the Pressly API (150+ routes/handlers) exactly like this and its scaled very well.

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Features

  • Lightweight - cloc`d in ~600 LOC for the chi router
  • Fast - yes, see benchmarks
  • Expressive routing - middlewares, inline middleware groups/chains, and subrouter mounting
  • Request context control (value chaining, deadlines and timeouts) - built on net/context
  • Robust (tested, used in production)

Router design

Chi's router is based on a kind of Patricia Radix trie. Built on top of the tree is the Router interface:

// Register a middleware handler (or few) on the middleware stack
Use(middlewares ...interface{})

// Register a new middleware stack
Group(fn func(r Router)) Router

// Mount an inline sub-router
Route(pattern string, fn func(r Router)) Router

// Mount a sub-router
Mount(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for all http methods
Handle(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for CONNECT http method
Connect(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for HEAD http method
Head(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for GET http method
Get(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for POST http method
Post(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for PUT http method
Put(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for PATCH http method
Patch(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for DELETE http method
Delete(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for TRACE http method
Trace(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

// Register routing handler for OPTIONS http method
Options(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

Each routing method accepts a URL pattern and chain of handlers. The URL pattern supports named params (ie. /users/:userID) and wildcards (ie. /admin/*).

The handlers argument can be a single request handler, or a chain of middleware handlers, followed by a request handler. The request handler is required, and must be the last argument.

We lose type checking of the handlers, but that'll be resolved sometime in the future, we hope, when Go's stdlib supports net/context in net/http. For now, chi checks the types at runtime and panics in case of a mismatch.

The supported handlers are as follows..

Middleware handlers
// Standard HTTP middleware. Compatible and friendly for when a request context isn't needed.
func StdMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
  return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
  })
}

// net/context HTTP middleware. Useful for signaling to stop processing, adding a timeout,
// cancellation, or passing data down the middleware chain.
func CtxMiddleware(next chi.Handler) chi.Handler {
  return chi.HandlerFunc(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, "key", "value")
    next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
  })
}
Request handlers
// Standard HTTP handler
func StdHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  w.Write([]byte("hi"))
}

// net/context HTTP request handler
func CtxHandler(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  userID := chi.URLParams(ctx)["userID"] // from a route like /users/:userID
  key := ctx.Value("key").(string)
  w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("hi %v, %v", userID, key)))
}

net/context?

net/context is a tiny library written by Sameer Ajmani that provides a simple interface to signal context across call stacks and goroutines.

Learn more at https://blog.golang.org/context

and..

Examples

Examples:

  • simple - The power of handler composability
  • rest - REST apis made easy; includes a simple JSON responder

Preview:

import (
  //...
  "github.com/pressly/chi"
  "github.com/pressly/chi/middleware"
  "golang.org/x/net/context"
)

func main() {
  r := chi.NewRouter()

  // A good base middleware stack
  r.Use(middleware.RequestID)
  r.Use(middleware.RealIP)
  r.Use(middleware.Logger)
  r.Use(middleware.Recoverer)

  // When a client closes their connection midway through a request, the
  // http.CloseNotifier will cancel the request context (ctx).
  r.Use(middleware.CloseNotify)

  // Set a timeout value on the request context (ctx), that will signal
  // through ctx.Done() that the request has timed out and further
  // processing should be stopped.
  r.Use(middleware.Timeout(60 * time.Second))

  r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("hi"))
  })

  // RESTy routes for "articles" resource
  r.Route("/articles", func(r chi.Router) {
    r.Get("/", paginate, listArticles)  // GET /articles
    r.Post("/", createArticle)          // POST /articles

    r.Route("/:articleID", func(r chi.Router) {
      r.Use(ArticleCtx)
      r.Get("/", getArticle)            // GET /articles/123
      r.Put("/", updateArticle)         // PUT /articles/123
      r.Delete("/", deleteArticle)      // DELETE /articles/123
    })
  })

  // Mount the admin sub-router
  r.Mount("/admin", adminRouter())

  http.ListenAndServe(":3333", r)
}

func ArticleCtx(next chi.Handler) chi.Handler {
  return chi.HandlerFunc(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    articleID := chi.URLParams(ctx)["articleID"]
    article, err := dbGetArticle(articleID)
    if err != nil {
      http.Error(w, http.StatusText(404), 404)
      return
    }
    ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, "article", article)
    next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
  })
}

func getArticle(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  article, ok := ctx.Value("article").(*Article)
  if !ok {
    http.Error(w, http.StatusText(422), 422)
    return
  }
  w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("title:%s", article.Title)))
}

// A completely separate router for administrator routes
func adminRouter() chi.Router {
  r := chi.NewRouter()
  r.Use(AdminOnly)
  r.Get("/", adminIndex)
  r.Get("/accounts", adminListAccounts)
  return r
}

func AdminOnly(next chi.Handler) chi.Handler {
  return chi.HandlerFunc(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    perm, ok := ctx.Value("acl.permission").(YourPermissionType)
    if !ok || !perm.IsAdmin() {
      http.Error(w, http.StatusText(403), 403)
      return
    }
    next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
  })
}

Middlewares

Chi comes equipped with an optional middleware package, providing:

Middleware Description
RequestID Injects a request ID into the context of each request.
RealIP Sets a http.Request's RemoteAddr to either X-Forwarded-For or X-Real-IP.
Logger Logs the start and end of each request with the elapsed processing time.
Recoverer Gracefully absorb panics and prints the stack trace.
NoCache Sets response headers to prevent clients from caching.
CloseNotify Signals to the request context when a client has closed their connection.
Timeout Signals to the request context when the timeout deadline is reached.
Throttle Puts a ceiling on the number of concurrent requests.

Other middlewares:

please submit a PR if you'd like to include a link to a chi middleware

Future

We're hoping that by Go 1.7 (in 2016), net/context will be in the Go stdlib and net/http will support context.Context. You'll notice that chi.Handler and http.Handler are very similar and the middleware signatures follow the same structure. One day chi.Handler will be deprecated and the router will live on just as it is without any dependencies beyond stdlib. And... then, we have infinitely more middlewares to compose from the community!!

See discussions:

Benchmarks

The benchmark suite: https://github.com/pkieltyka/go-http-routing-benchmark

The results as of Nov. 6, 2015 - https://gist.github.com/pkieltyka/505b07b09f5c63e36ef5

Note: by design, chi allocates new routing URLParams map for each request, as opposed to reusing URLParams from a pool.

Credits

TODO

  • Mux options
    • Trailing slash?
    • Case insensitive paths?
    • GET for HEAD requests (auto fallback)?
  • Register error handler (500's), ServerError() handler?
  • HTTP2 example
    • both http 1.1 and http2 automatically.. just turn it on :)
  • Regexp support in router "/:id([0-9]+)" or "#id^[0-9]+$" or ..

We'll be more than happy to see your contributions!

License

Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Peter Kieltyka

Licensed under MIT License

Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	URLParamsCtxKey ctxKey = iota
	SubRouterCtxKey
)

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func URLParams added in v1.0.0 

func URLParams(ctx context.Context) map[string]string

Types

type Handler 

type Handler interface {
	ServeHTTPC(context.Context, http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
}

Handler is like net/http's http.Handler, but also includes a mechanism for serving requests with a context.

type HandlerFunc 

type HandlerFunc func(context.Context, http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)

HandlerFunc is like net/http's http.HandlerFunc, but supports a context object.

func (HandlerFunc) ServeHTTP 

func (h HandlerFunc) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

ServeHTTP provides compatibility with http.Handler.

func (HandlerFunc) ServeHTTPC 

func (h HandlerFunc) ServeHTTPC(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

ServeHTTPC wraps ServeHTTP with a context parameter.

type Mux 

type Mux struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewMux 

func NewMux() *Mux

func NewRouter 

func NewRouter() *Mux

func (*Mux) Connect 

func (mx *Mux) Connect(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Delete 

func (mx *Mux) Delete(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Get 

func (mx *Mux) Get(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Group 

func (mx *Mux) Group(fn func(r Router)) Router

func (*Mux) Handle 

func (mx *Mux) Handle(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Head 

func (mx *Mux) Head(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Mount 

func (mx *Mux) Mount(path string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) NotFound 

func (mx *Mux) NotFound(h HandlerFunc)

NotFound sets a custom handler for the case when no routes match

func (*Mux) Options 

func (mx *Mux) Options(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Patch 

func (mx *Mux) Patch(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Post 

func (mx *Mux) Post(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Put 

func (mx *Mux) Put(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Route 

func (mx *Mux) Route(pattern string, fn func(r Router)) Router

func (*Mux) ServeHTTP 

func (mx *Mux) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

func (*Mux) ServeHTTPC 

func (mx *Mux) ServeHTTPC(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

func (*Mux) Trace 

func (mx *Mux) Trace(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

func (*Mux) Use 

func (mx *Mux) Use(mws ...interface{})

Append to the middleware stack

type Router 

type Router interface {
	http.Handler
	Handler

	Use(middlewares ...interface{})
	Group(fn func(r Router)) Router
	Route(pattern string, fn func(r Router)) Router
	Mount(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})

	Handle(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	NotFound(h HandlerFunc)

	Connect(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Head(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Get(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Post(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Put(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Patch(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Delete(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Trace(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
	Options(pattern string, handlers ...interface{})
}

type WalkFn 

type WalkFn func(path string, handler Handler) bool

WalkFn is used when walking the tree. Takes a key and value, returning if iteration should be terminated.

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
_examples
rest
rest/render
Responder as a wrapper of https://github.com/unrolled/render -- This is a good base to work off and extend for your own uses, or build your own.
 Responder as a wrapper of https://github.com/unrolled/render -- This is a good base to work off and extend for your own uses, or build your own.
simple

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