Documentation
¶
Overview ¶
Package message implements formatted I/O for localized strings with functions analogous to the fmt's print functions. It is a drop-in replacement for fmt.
Localized Formatting ¶
A format string can be localized by replacing any of the print functions of fmt with an equivalent call to a Printer.
p := message.NewPrinter(message.MatchLanguage("en"))
p.Println(123456.78) // Prints 123,456.78
p.Printf("%d ducks in a row", 4331) // Prints 4,331 ducks in a row
p := message.NewPrinter(message.MatchLanguage("nl"))
p.Println("Hoogte: %f meter", 1244.9) // Prints Hoogte: 1.244,9 meter
p := message.NewPrinter(message.MatchLanguage("bn"))
p.Println(123456.78) // Prints ১,২৩,৪৫৬.৭৮
Printer currently supports numbers and specialized types for which packages exist in x/text. Other builtin types such as time.Time and slices are planned.
Format strings largely have the same meaning as with fmt with the following notable exceptions:
- flag # always resorts to fmt for printing
- verb 'f', 'e', 'g', 'd' use localized formatting unless the '#' flag is specified.
- verb 'm' inserts a translation of a string argument.
See package fmt for more options.
Translation ¶
The format strings that are passed to Printf, Sprintf, Fprintf, or Errorf are used as keys to look up translations for the specified languages. More on how these need to be specified below.
One can use arbitrary keys to distinguish between otherwise ambiguous strings:
p := message.NewPrinter(language.English)
p.Printf("archive(noun)") // Prints "archive"
p.Printf("archive(verb)") // Prints "archive"
p := message.NewPrinter(language.German)
p.Printf("archive(noun)") // Prints "Archiv"
p.Printf("archive(verb)") // Prints "archivieren"
To retain the fallback functionality, use Key:
p.Printf(message.Key("archive(noun)", "archive"))
p.Printf(message.Key("archive(verb)", "archive"))
Translation Pipeline ¶
Format strings that contain text need to be translated to support different locales. The first step is to extract strings that need to be translated.
- Install gotext go get -u golang.org/x/text/cmd/gotext gotext -help
2. Mark strings in your source to be translated by using message.Printer, instead of the functions of the fmt package.
3. Extract the strings from your source
gotext extract
The output will be written to the textdata directory.
4. Send the files for translation
It is planned to support multiple formats, but for now one will have to rewrite the JSON output to the desired format.
5. Inject translations into program
6. Repeat from 2
Right now this has to be done programmatically with calls to Set or SetString. These functions as well as the methods defined in see also package golang.org/x/text/message/catalog can be used to implement either dynamic or static loading of messages.
Plural and Gender Forms ¶
Translated messages can vary based on the plural and gender forms of substitution values. In general, it is up to the translators to provide alternative translations for such forms. See the packages in golang.org/x/text/feature and golang.org/x/text/message/catalog for more information.
Example (Http) ¶
package main
import (
"net/http"
"golang.org/x/text/message"
)
func main() {
// languages supported by this service:
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
lang, _ := r.Cookie("lang")
accept := r.Header.Get("Accept-Language")
fallback := "en"
tag := message.MatchLanguage(lang.String(), accept, fallback)
p := message.NewPrinter(tag)
p.Fprintln(w, "User language is", tag)
})
}
Output:
Index ¶
- Variables
- func MatchLanguage(preferred ...string) language.Tag
- func Set(tag language.Tag, key string, msg ...catalog.Message) error
- func SetString(tag language.Tag, key string, msg string) error
- type Option
- type Printer
- func (p *Printer) Fprint(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)
- func (p *Printer) Fprintf(w io.Writer, key Reference, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)
- func (p *Printer) Fprintln(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)
- func (p *Printer) Print(a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)
- func (p *Printer) Printf(key Reference, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)
- func (p *Printer) Println(a ...interface{}) (n int, err error)
- func (p *Printer) Sprint(a ...interface{}) string
- func (p *Printer) Sprintf(key Reference, a ...interface{}) string
- func (p *Printer) Sprintln(a ...interface{}) string
- type Reference
Examples ¶
Constants ¶
This section is empty.
Variables ¶
var DefaultCatalog catalog.Catalog = defaultCatalog
DefaultCatalog is used by SetString.
Functions ¶
func MatchLanguage ¶
MatchLanguage reports the matched tag obtained from language.MatchStrings for the Matcher of the DefaultCatalog.
Types ¶
type Printer ¶
type Printer struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
A Printer implements language-specific formatted I/O analogous to the fmt package.
Example (MVerb) ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"golang.org/x/text/language"
"golang.org/x/text/message"
)
func main() {
message.SetString(language.Dutch, "You have chosen to play %m.", "U heeft ervoor gekozen om %m te spelen.")
message.SetString(language.Dutch, "basketball", "basketbal")
message.SetString(language.Dutch, "hockey", "ijshockey")
message.SetString(language.Dutch, "soccer", "voetbal")
message.SetString(language.BritishEnglish, "soccer", "football")
for _, sport := range []string{"soccer", "basketball", "hockey"} {
for _, lang := range []string{"en", "en-GB", "nl"} {
p := message.NewPrinter(language.Make(lang))
fmt.Printf("%-6s %s\n", lang, p.Sprintf("You have chosen to play %m.", sport))
}
fmt.Println()
}
}
Output: en You have chosen to play soccer. en-GB You have chosen to play football. nl U heeft ervoor gekozen om voetbal te spelen. en You have chosen to play basketball. en-GB You have chosen to play basketball. nl U heeft ervoor gekozen om basketbal te spelen. en You have chosen to play hockey. en-GB You have chosen to play hockey. nl U heeft ervoor gekozen om ijshockey te spelen.
Example (Numbers) ¶
package main
import (
"golang.org/x/text/language"
"golang.org/x/text/message"
)
func main() {
for _, lang := range []string{"en", "de", "de-CH", "fr", "bn"} {
p := message.NewPrinter(language.Make(lang))
p.Printf("%-6s %g\n", lang, 123456.78)
}
}
Output: en 123,456.78 de 123.456,78 de-CH 123’456.78 fr 123 456,78 bn ১,২৩,৪৫৬.৭৮
func NewPrinter ¶
NewPrinter returns a Printer that formats messages tailored to language t.
Source Files
Directories
¶
| Path | Synopsis |
|---|---|
|
Package catalog defines collections of translated format strings.
|
Package catalog defines collections of translated format strings. |
|
Package pipeline provides tools for creating translation pipelines.
|
Package pipeline provides tools for creating translation pipelines. |