strcase

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 Go to latest Published: Jan 14, 2023 License: MIT Imports: 2 Imported by: 91

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Go Strcase

Go Report Card Coverage GoDoc

Convert strings to snake_case, camelCase, PascalCase, kebab-case and more! Supports Go initialisms, customization, and Unicode.

import "github.com/ettle/strcase"

Overview

Package strcase is a package for converting strings into various word cases (e.g. snake_case, camelCase)

go get -u github.com/ettle/strcase

Example usage

strcase.ToSnake("Hello World")     // hello_world
strcase.ToSNAKE("Hello World")     // HELLO_WORLD

strcase.ToKebab("helloWorld")      // hello-world
strcase.ToKEBAB("helloWorld")      // HELLO-WORLD

strcase.ToPascal("hello-world")    // HelloWorld
strcase.ToCamel("hello-world")     // helloWorld

// Handle odd cases
strcase.ToSnake("FOOBar")          // foo_bar

// Support Go initialisms
strcase.ToGoPascal("http_response") // HTTPResponse

// Specify case and delimiter
strcase.ToCase("HelloWorld", strcase.UpperCase, '.') // HELLO.WORLD

Why this package

String strcase is pretty straight forward and there are a number of methods to do it. This package is fully featured, more customizable, better tested, and faster than other packages and what you would probably whip up yourself.

Unicode support

We work for with unicode strings and pay very little performance penalty for it as we optimized for the common use case of ASCII only strings.

Customization

You can create a custom caser that changes the behavior to what you want. This customization also reduces the pressure for us to change the default behavior which means that things are more stable for everyone involved. The goal is to make the common path easy and fast, while making the uncommon path possible.

 c := NewCaser(
	// Use Go's default initialisms e.g. ID, HTML
 	true,
	// Override initialisms (e.g. don't initialize HTML but initialize SSL
 	map[string]bool{"SSL": true, "HTML": false},
	// Write your own custom SplitFn
	//
 	NewSplitFn(
 		[]rune{'*', '.', ','},
 		SplitCase,
 		SplitAcronym,
 		PreserveNumberFormatting,
 		SplitBeforeNumber,
 		SplitAfterNumber,
 	))
 assert.Equal(t, "http_200", c.ToSnake("http200"))
Initialism support

By default, we use the golint intialisms list. You can customize and override the initialisms if you wish to add additional ones, such as "SSL" or "CMS" or domain specific ones to your industry.

ToGoPascal("http_response") // HTTPResponse
ToGoSnake("http_response") // HTTP_response
Test coverage

We have a wide ranging test suite to make sure that we understand our behavior. Test coverage isn't everything, but we aim for 100% coverage.

Fast

Optimized to reduce memory allocations with Builder. Benchmarked and optimized around common cases.

We're on par with the fastest packages (that have less features) and much faster than others. We also benchmarked against code snippets. Using string builders to reduce memory allocation and reordering boolean checks for the common cases have a large performance impact.

Hopefully I was fair to each library and happy to rerun benchmarks differently or reword my commentary based on suggestions or updates.

// This package - faster then almost all libraries
// Initialisms are more complicated and slightly slower, but still fast
BenchmarkToTitle-96                      9617142               125.7 ns/op            16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkToSnake-96                     10659919               120.7 ns/op            16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkToSNAKE-96                      9018282               126.4 ns/op            16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkToGoSnake-96                    4903687               254.5 ns/op            26 B/op          4 allocs/op
BenchmarkToCustomCaser-96                4434489               265.0 ns/op            28 B/op          4 allocs/op

// Segment has very fast snake case and camel case libraries
// No features or customization, but very very fast
BenchmarkSegment-96                     33625734                35.54 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op

// Iancoleman has gotten some performance improvements, but remains
// without unicode support and lacks fine-grained customization
BenchmarkToSnakeIan-96                  13141522                92.99 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op

// Stdlib strings.Title is deprecated; using golang.org/x.text
BenchmarkGolangOrgXTextCases-96          4665676               262.5 ns/op           272 B/op          2 allocs/op

// Other libraries or code snippets
// - Most are slower, by up to an order of magnitude
// - No support for initialisms or customization
// - Some generate only camelCase or snake_case
// - Many lack unicode support
BenchmarkToSnakeStoewer-96               8095468               148.9 ns/op            64 B/op          2 allocs/op
// Copying small rune arrays is slow
BenchmarkToSnakeSiongui-96               2912593               401.7 ns/op           112 B/op         19 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoValidator-96                  3493800               342.6 ns/op           184 B/op          9 allocs/op
// String alloction is slow
BenchmarkToSnakeFatih-96                 1282648               945.1 ns/op           616 B/op         26 allocs/op
// Regexp is slow
BenchmarkToSnakeGolangPrograms-96         778674              1495 ns/op             227 B/op         11 allocs/op

// These results aren't a surprise - my initial version of this library was
// painfully slow. I think most of us, without spending some time with
// profilers and benchmarks, would write also something on the slower side.
Zero dependencies

That's right - zero. We only import the Go standard library. No hassles with dependencies, licensing, security alerts.

Why not this package

If every nanosecond matters and this is used in a tight loop, use segment.io's libraries (https://github.com/segmentio/go-snakecase and https://github.com/segmentio/go-camelcase). They lack features, but make up for it by being blazing fast.

Migrating from other packages

If you are migrating from from another package, you may find slight differences in output. To reduce the delta, you may find it helpful to use the following custom casers to mimic the behavior of the other package.

// From <a href="https://github.com/iancoleman/strcase">https://github.com/iancoleman/strcase</a>
var c = NewCaser(false, nil, NewSplitFn([]rune{'_', '-', '.'}, SplitCase, SplitAcronym, SplitBeforeNumber))

// From <a href="https://github.com/stoewer/go-strcase">https://github.com/stoewer/go-strcase</a>
var c = NewCaser(false, nil, NewSplitFn([]rune{'_', '-'}, SplitCase), SplitAcronym)

Index

func ToCamel

func ToCamel(s string) string

ToCamel returns words in camelCase (capitalized words concatenated together, with first word lower case). Also known as lowerCamelCase or mixedCase.

func ToCase

func ToCase(s string, wordCase WordCase, delimiter rune) string

ToCase returns words in given case and delimiter.

func ToGoCamel

func ToGoCamel(s string) string

ToGoCamel returns words in camelCase (capitalized words concatenated together, with first word lower case). Also known as lowerCamelCase or mixedCase.

Respects Go's common initialisms, but first word remains lowercased which is important for code generator use cases (e.g. toJson -> toJSON, httpResponse -> httpResponse).

func ToGoCase

func ToGoCase(s string, wordCase WordCase, delimiter rune) string

ToGoCase returns words in given case and delimiter.

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. httpResponse -> HTTPResponse).

func ToGoKebab

func ToGoKebab(s string) string

ToGoKebab returns words in kebab-case (lower case words with dashes). Also known as dash-case.

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. http-response -> HTTP-response).

func ToGoPascal

func ToGoPascal(s string) string

ToGoPascal returns words in PascalCase (capitalized words concatenated together). Also known as UpperPascalCase.

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. HttpResponse -> HTTPResponse).

func ToGoSnake

func ToGoSnake(s string) string

ToGoSnake returns words in snake_case (lower case words with underscores).

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. http_response -> HTTP_response).

func ToKEBAB

func ToKEBAB(s string) string

ToKEBAB returns words in KEBAB-CASE (upper case words with dashes). Also known as SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE or SCREAMING-DASH-CASE.

func ToKebab

func ToKebab(s string) string

ToKebab returns words in kebab-case (lower case words with dashes). Also known as dash-case.

func ToPascal

func ToPascal(s string) string

ToPascal returns words in PascalCase (capitalized words concatenated together). Also known as UpperPascalCase.

func ToSNAKE

func ToSNAKE(s string) string

ToSNAKE returns words in SNAKE_CASE (upper case words with underscores). Also known as SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE or UPPER_CASE.

func ToSnake

func ToSnake(s string) string

ToSnake returns words in snake_case (lower case words with underscores).

type Caser

type Caser struct {
    // contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Caser allows for customization of parsing and intialisms

func NewCaser
func NewCaser(goInitialisms bool, initialismOverrides map[string]bool, splitFn SplitFn) *Caser

NewCaser returns a configured Caser.

A Caser should be created when you want fine grained control over how the words are split.

Notes on function arguments

goInitialisms: Whether to use Golint's intialisms

initialismOverrides: A mapping of extra initialisms
Keys must be in ALL CAPS. Merged with Golint's if goInitialisms is set.
Setting a key to false will override Golint's.

splitFn: How to separate words
Override the default split function. Consider using NewSplitFn to
configure one instead of writing your own.
func (*Caser) ToCamel
func (c *Caser) ToCamel(s string) string

ToCamel returns words in camelCase (capitalized words concatenated together, with first word lower case). Also known as lowerCamelCase or mixedCase.

func (*Caser) ToCase
func (c *Caser) ToCase(s string, wordCase WordCase, delimiter rune) string

ToCase returns words with a given case and delimiter.

func (*Caser) ToKEBAB
func (c *Caser) ToKEBAB(s string) string

ToKEBAB returns words in KEBAB-CASE (upper case words with dashes). Also known as SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE or SCREAMING-DASH-CASE.

func (*Caser) ToKebab
func (c *Caser) ToKebab(s string) string

ToKebab returns words in kebab-case (lower case words with dashes). Also known as dash-case.

func (*Caser) ToPascal
func (c *Caser) ToPascal(s string) string

ToPascal returns words in PascalCase (capitalized words concatenated together). Also known as UpperPascalCase.

func (*Caser) ToSNAKE
func (c *Caser) ToSNAKE(s string) string

ToSNAKE returns words in SNAKE_CASE (upper case words with underscores). Also known as SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE or UPPER_CASE.

func (*Caser) ToSnake
func (c *Caser) ToSnake(s string) string

ToSnake returns words in snake_case (lower case words with underscores).

type SplitAction

type SplitAction int

SplitAction defines if and how to split a string

const (
    // Noop - Continue to next character
    Noop SplitAction = iota
    // Split - Split between words
    // e.g. to split between wordsWithoutDelimiters
    Split
    // SkipSplit - Split the word and drop the character
    // e.g. to split words with delimiters
    SkipSplit
    // Skip - Remove the character completely
    Skip
)

type SplitFn

type SplitFn func(prev, curr, next rune) SplitAction

SplitFn defines how to split a string into words

func NewSplitFn
func NewSplitFn(
    delimiters []rune,
    splitOptions ...SplitOption,
) SplitFn

NewSplitFn returns a SplitFn based on the options provided.

NewSplitFn covers the majority of common options that other strcase libraries provide and should allow you to simply create a custom caser. For more complicated use cases, feel free to write your own SplitFn

type SplitOption

type SplitOption int

SplitOption are options that allow for configuring NewSplitFn

const (
    // SplitCase - FooBar -> Foo_Bar
    SplitCase SplitOption = iota
    // SplitAcronym - FOOBar -> Foo_Bar
    // It won't preserve FOO's case. If you want, you can set the Caser's initialisms so FOO will be in all caps
    SplitAcronym
    // SplitBeforeNumber - port80 -> port_80
    SplitBeforeNumber
    // SplitAfterNumber - 200status -> 200_status
    SplitAfterNumber
    // PreserveNumberFormatting - a.b.2,000.3.c -> a_b_2,000.3_c
    PreserveNumberFormatting
)

type WordCase

type WordCase int

WordCase is an enumeration of the ways to format a word.

const (
    // Original - Preserve the original input strcase
    Original WordCase = iota
    // LowerCase - All letters lower cased (example)
    LowerCase
    // UpperCase - All letters upper cased (EXAMPLE)
    UpperCase
    // TitleCase - Only first letter upper cased (Example)
    TitleCase
    // CamelCase - TitleCase except lower case first word (exampleText)
    // Notably, even if the first word is an initialism, it will be lower
    // cased. This is important for code generators where capital letters
    // mean exported functions. i.e. jsonString(), not JSONString()
    CamelCase
)

Documentation

Overview

Package strcase is a package for converting strings into various word cases (e.g. snake_case, camelCase) 

go get -u github.com/ettle/strcase

Example usage 

strcase.ToSnake("Hello World")     // hello_world
strcase.ToSNAKE("Hello World")     // HELLO_WORLD

strcase.ToKebab("helloWorld")      // hello-world
strcase.ToKEBAB("helloWorld")      // HELLO-WORLD

strcase.ToPascal("hello-world")    // HelloWorld
strcase.ToCamel("hello-world")     // helloWorld

// Handle odd cases
strcase.ToSnake("FOOBar")          // foo_bar

// Support Go initialisms
strcase.ToGoPascal("http_response") // HTTPResponse

// Specify case and delimiter
strcase.ToCase("HelloWorld", strcase.UpperCase, '.') // HELLO.WORLD

## Why this package

String strcase is pretty straight forward and there are a number of methods to do it. This package is fully featured, more customizable, better tested, and faster than other packages and what you would probably whip up yourself.

### Unicode support

We work for with unicode strings and pay very little performance penalty for it as we optimized for the common use case of ASCII only strings.

### Customization

You can create a custom caser that changes the behavior to what you want. This customization also reduces the pressure for us to change the default behavior which means that things are more stable for everyone involved. The goal is to make the common path easy and fast, while making the uncommon path possible. 

 c := NewCaser(
	// Use Go's default initialisms e.g. ID, HTML
 	true,
	// Override initialisms (e.g. don't initialize HTML but initialize SSL
 	map[string]bool{"SSL": true, "HTML": false},
	// Write your own custom SplitFn
	//
 	NewSplitFn(
 		[]rune{'*', '.', ','},
 		SplitCase,
 		SplitAcronym,
 		PreserveNumberFormatting,
 		SplitBeforeNumber,
 		SplitAfterNumber,
 	))
 assert.Equal(t, "http_200", c.ToSnake("http200"))

### Initialism support

By default, we use the golint intialisms list. You can customize and override the initialisms if you wish to add additional ones, such as "SSL" or "CMS" or domain specific ones to your industry. 

ToGoPascal("http_response") // HTTPResponse
ToGoSnake("http_response") // HTTP_response

### Test coverage

We have a wide ranging test suite to make sure that we understand our behavior. Test coverage isn't everything, but we aim for 100% coverage.

### Fast

Optimized to reduce memory allocations with Builder. Benchmarked and optimized around common cases.

We're on par with the fastest packages (that have less features) and much faster than others. We also benchmarked against code snippets. Using string builders to reduce memory allocation and reordering boolean checks for the common cases have a large performance impact.

Hopefully I was fair to each library and happy to rerun benchmarks differently or reword my commentary based on suggestions or updates. 

// This package - faster then almost all libraries
// Initialisms are more complicated and slightly slower, but still fast
BenchmarkToTitle-96                      9617142               125.7 ns/op            16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkToSnake-96                     10659919               120.7 ns/op            16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkToSNAKE-96                      9018282               126.4 ns/op            16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkToGoSnake-96                    4903687               254.5 ns/op            26 B/op          4 allocs/op
BenchmarkToCustomCaser-96                4434489               265.0 ns/op            28 B/op          4 allocs/op

// Segment has very fast snake case and camel case libraries
// No features or customization, but very very fast
BenchmarkSegment-96                     33625734                35.54 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op

// Iancoleman has gotten some performance improvements, but remains
// without unicode support and lacks fine-grained customization
BenchmarkToSnakeIan-96                  13141522                92.99 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op

// Stdlib strings.Title is deprecated; using golang.org/x.text
BenchmarkGolangOrgXTextCases-96          4665676               262.5 ns/op           272 B/op          2 allocs/op

// Other libraries or code snippets
// - Most are slower, by up to an order of magnitude
// - No support for initialisms or customization
// - Some generate only camelCase or snake_case
// - Many lack unicode support
BenchmarkToSnakeStoewer-96               8095468               148.9 ns/op            64 B/op          2 allocs/op
// Copying small rune arrays is slow
BenchmarkToSnakeSiongui-96               2912593               401.7 ns/op           112 B/op         19 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoValidator-96                  3493800               342.6 ns/op           184 B/op          9 allocs/op
// String alloction is slow
BenchmarkToSnakeFatih-96                 1282648               945.1 ns/op           616 B/op         26 allocs/op
// Regexp is slow
BenchmarkToSnakeGolangPrograms-96         778674              1495 ns/op             227 B/op         11 allocs/op

// These results aren't a surprise - my initial version of this library was
// painfully slow. I think most of us, without spending some time with
// profilers and benchmarks, would write also something on the slower side.

### Zero dependencies

That's right - zero. We only import the Go standard library. No hassles with dependencies, licensing, security alerts.

## Why not this package

If every nanosecond matters and this is used in a tight loop, use segment.io's libraries (https://github.com/segmentio/go-snakecase and https://github.com/segmentio/go-camelcase). They lack features, but make up for it by being blazing fast.

## Migrating from other packages

If you are migrating from from another package, you may find slight differences in output. To reduce the delta, you may find it helpful to use the following custom casers to mimic the behavior of the other package. 

// From https://github.com/iancoleman/strcase
var c = NewCaser(false, nil, NewSplitFn([]rune{'_', '-', '.'}, SplitCase, SplitAcronym, SplitBeforeNumber))

// From https://github.com/stoewer/go-strcase
var c = NewCaser(false, nil, NewSplitFn([]rune{'_', '-'}, SplitCase), SplitAcronym)

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func ToCamel 

func ToCamel(s string) string

ToCamel returns words in camelCase (capitalized words concatenated together, with first word lower case). Also known as lowerCamelCase or mixedCase.

func ToCase 

func ToCase(s string, wordCase WordCase, delimiter rune) string

ToCase returns words in given case and delimiter.

func ToGoCamel 

func ToGoCamel(s string) string

ToGoCamel returns words in camelCase (capitalized words concatenated together, with first word lower case). Also known as lowerCamelCase or mixedCase.

Respects Go's common initialisms, but first word remains lowercased which is important for code generator use cases (e.g. toJson -> toJSON, httpResponse -> httpResponse).

func ToGoCase 

func ToGoCase(s string, wordCase WordCase, delimiter rune) string

ToGoCase returns words in given case and delimiter.

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. httpResponse -> HTTPResponse).

func ToGoKebab 

func ToGoKebab(s string) string

ToGoKebab returns words in kebab-case (lower case words with dashes). Also known as dash-case.

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. http-response -> HTTP-response).

func ToGoPascal 

func ToGoPascal(s string) string

ToGoPascal returns words in PascalCase (capitalized words concatenated together). Also known as UpperPascalCase.

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. HttpResponse -> HTTPResponse).

func ToGoSnake 

func ToGoSnake(s string) string

ToGoSnake returns words in snake_case (lower case words with underscores).

Respects Go's common initialisms (e.g. http_response -> HTTP_response).

func ToKEBAB 

func ToKEBAB(s string) string

ToKEBAB returns words in KEBAB-CASE (upper case words with dashes). Also known as SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE or SCREAMING-DASH-CASE.

func ToKebab 

func ToKebab(s string) string

ToKebab returns words in kebab-case (lower case words with dashes). Also known as dash-case.

func ToPascal 

func ToPascal(s string) string

ToPascal returns words in PascalCase (capitalized words concatenated together). Also known as UpperPascalCase.

func ToSNAKE 

func ToSNAKE(s string) string

ToSNAKE returns words in SNAKE_CASE (upper case words with underscores). Also known as SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE or UPPER_CASE.

func ToSnake 

func ToSnake(s string) string

ToSnake returns words in snake_case (lower case words with underscores).

Types

type Caser 

type Caser struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Caser allows for customization of parsing and intialisms

func NewCaser 

func NewCaser(goInitialisms bool, initialismOverrides map[string]bool, splitFn SplitFn) *Caser

NewCaser returns a configured Caser.

A Caser should be created when you want fine grained control over how the words are split. 

Notes on function arguments

goInitialisms: Whether to use Golint's intialisms

initialismOverrides: A mapping of extra initialisms
Keys must be in ALL CAPS. Merged with Golint's if goInitialisms is set.
Setting a key to false will override Golint's.

splitFn: How to separate words
Override the default split function. Consider using NewSplitFn to
configure one instead of writing your own.

func (*Caser) ToCamel 

func (c *Caser) ToCamel(s string) string

ToCamel returns words in camelCase (capitalized words concatenated together, with first word lower case). Also known as lowerCamelCase or mixedCase.

func (*Caser) ToCase 

func (c *Caser) ToCase(s string, wordCase WordCase, delimiter rune) string

ToCase returns words with a given case and delimiter.

func (*Caser) ToKEBAB 

func (c *Caser) ToKEBAB(s string) string

ToKEBAB returns words in KEBAB-CASE (upper case words with dashes). Also known as SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE or SCREAMING-DASH-CASE.

func (*Caser) ToKebab 

func (c *Caser) ToKebab(s string) string

ToKebab returns words in kebab-case (lower case words with dashes). Also known as dash-case.

func (*Caser) ToPascal 

func (c *Caser) ToPascal(s string) string

ToPascal returns words in PascalCase (capitalized words concatenated together). Also known as UpperPascalCase.

func (*Caser) ToSNAKE 

func (c *Caser) ToSNAKE(s string) string

ToSNAKE returns words in SNAKE_CASE (upper case words with underscores). Also known as SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE or UPPER_CASE.

func (*Caser) ToSnake 

func (c *Caser) ToSnake(s string) string

ToSnake returns words in snake_case (lower case words with underscores).

type SplitAction 

type SplitAction int

SplitAction defines if and how to split a string 

const (
	// Noop - Continue to next character
	Noop SplitAction = iota
	// Split - Split between words
	// e.g. to split between wordsWithoutDelimiters
	Split
	// SkipSplit - Split the word and drop the character
	// e.g. to split words with delimiters
	SkipSplit
	// Skip - Remove the character completely
	Skip
)

type SplitFn 

type SplitFn func(prev, curr, next rune) SplitAction

SplitFn defines how to split a string into words

func NewSplitFn 

func NewSplitFn(
	delimiters []rune,
	splitOptions ...SplitOption,
) SplitFn

NewSplitFn returns a SplitFn based on the options provided.

NewSplitFn covers the majority of common options that other strcase libraries provide and should allow you to simply create a custom caser. For more complicated use cases, feel free to write your own SplitFn

type SplitOption 

type SplitOption int

SplitOption are options that allow for configuring NewSplitFn 

const (
	// SplitCase - FooBar -> Foo_Bar
	SplitCase SplitOption = iota
	// SplitAcronym - FOOBar -> Foo_Bar
	// It won't preserve FOO's case. If you want, you can set the Caser's initialisms so FOO will be in all caps
	SplitAcronym
	// SplitBeforeNumber - port80 -> port_80
	SplitBeforeNumber
	// SplitAfterNumber - 200status -> 200_status
	SplitAfterNumber
	// PreserveNumberFormatting - a.b.2,000.3.c -> a_b_2,000.3_c
	PreserveNumberFormatting
)

type WordCase 

type WordCase int

WordCase is an enumeration of the ways to format a word. 

const (
	// Original - Preserve the original input strcase
	Original WordCase = iota
	// LowerCase - All letters lower cased (example)
	LowerCase
	// UpperCase - All letters upper cased (EXAMPLE)
	UpperCase
	// TitleCase - Only first letter upper cased (Example)
	TitleCase
	// CamelCase - TitleCase except lower case first word (exampleText)
	// Notably, even if the first word is an initialism, it will be lower
	// cased. This is important for code generators where capital letters
	// mean exported functions. i.e. jsonString(), not JSONString()
	CamelCase
)

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