swarm

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Published: Jan 15, 2021 License: GPL-3.0 Imports: 42 Imported by: 4

README

Swarm

https://swarm.ethereum.org

Swarm is a distributed storage platform and content distribution service, a native base layer service of the ethereum web3 stack. The primary objective of Swarm is to provide a decentralized and redundant store for dapp code and data as well as block chain and state data. Swarm is also set out to provide various base layer services for web3, including node-to-node messaging, media streaming, decentralised database services and scalable state-channel infrastructure for decentralised service economies.

New Bee client

In the effort to release a production-ready version of Swarm, the Swarm dev team has migrated their effort to build the new Bee client, a brand-new implementation of Swarm. The main reason for this switch was the availability of a more mature networking layer (libp2p) and the secondary reason being that the insight gained from developing Swarm taught us many lessons which can be implemented best from scratch. While Bee does not currently expose every feature in the original Swarm client, development is happening at lightspeed and soon, it will surpass Swarm in functionality and stability!

Please refer to Swarm webpage for more information about the state of the Bee client and to the Bee documentation for info on installing and using the new client.

Original Swarm client

The old Swarm client, contained in this repository, can still be used while the network exists, however no maintenance or upgrades are planned for it.

Please read the The sun is setting for the old Swarm network blog post for more information and also how to reach out for help with migration.

Compatibility of Bee with the first Swarm

No compatibility on the network layer with the first Ethereum Swarm implementation can be provided, mainly due to the migration in underlying network protocol from devp2p to libp2p. This means that a Bee node cannot join first Swarm network and vice versa. Migrating data is possible, please get in touch for more info on how to approach this. 🐝

How to get in touch

Please use any of the following channels for help with migration or any other questions:

The Swarm team is reachable on Mattermost. Join the Swarm Orange Lounge on Telegram. Follow us on Twitter.

Travis Gitter

Table of Contents

Building the source

It's recommended to use Go 1.14 to build Swarm.

To simply compile the swarm binary without a GOPATH:

$ git clone https://github.com/ethersphere/swarm
$ cd swarm
$ make swarm

You will find the binary under ./build/bin/swarm.

To build a vendored swarm using go get you must have GOPATH set. Then run:

$ go get -d github.com/ethersphere/swarm
$ go install github.com/ethersphere/swarm/cmd/swarm

Running Swarm

$ swarm

If you don't have an account yet, then you will be prompted to create one and secure it with a password:

Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:

If you have multiple accounts created, then you'll have to choose one of the accounts by using the --bzzaccount flag.

$ swarm --bzzaccount <your-account-here>

# example
$ swarm --bzzaccount 2f1cd699b0bf461dcfbf0098ad8f5587b038f0f1

Verifying that your local Swarm node is running

When running, Swarm is accessible through an HTTP API on port 8500.

Confirm that it is up and running by pointing your browser to http://localhost:8500

Ethereum Name Service resolution

The Ethereum Name Service is the Ethereum equivalent of DNS in the classic web. In order to use ENS to resolve names to Swarm content hashes (e.g. bzz://theswarm.eth), swarm has to connect to a geth instance, which is synced with the Ethereum mainnet. This is done using the --ens-api flag.

$ swarm --bzzaccount <your-account-here> \
        --ens-api '$HOME/.ethereum/geth.ipc'

# in our example
$ swarm --bzzaccount 2f1cd699b0bf461dcfbf0098ad8f5587b038f0f1 \
        --ens-api '$HOME/.ethereum/geth.ipc'

For more information on usage, features or command line flags, please consult the Documentation.

Documentation

Swarm documentation can be found at https://swarm-guide.readthedocs.io.

Docker

Swarm container images are available at Docker Hub: ethersphere/swarm

Docker tags

  • latest - latest stable release
  • edge - latest build from master
  • v0.x.y - specific stable release

Swarm command line arguments

All Swarm command line arguments are supported and can be sent as part of the CMD field to the Docker container.

Examples:

Running a Swarm container from the command line

$ docker run -it ethersphere/swarm \
                            --debug \
                            --verbosity 4

Running a Swarm container with custom ENS endpoint

$ docker run -it ethersphere/swarm \
                            --ens-api http://1.2.3.4:8545 \
                            --debug \
                            --verbosity 4

Running a Swarm container with metrics enabled

$ docker run -it ethersphere/swarm \
                            --debug \
                            --metrics \
                            --metrics.influxdb.export \
                            --metrics.influxdb.endpoint "http://localhost:8086" \
                            --metrics.influxdb.username "user" \
                            --metrics.influxdb.password "pass" \
                            --metrics.influxdb.database "metrics" \
                            --metrics.influxdb.host.tag "localhost" \
                            --verbosity 4

Running a Swarm container with tracing and pprof server enabled

$ docker run -it ethersphere/swarm \
                            --debug \
                            --tracing \
                            --tracing.endpoint 127.0.0.1:6831 \
                            --tracing.svc myswarm \
                            --pprof \
                            --pprofaddr 0.0.0.0 \
                            --pprofport 6060

Running a Swarm container with a custom data directory mounted from a volume and a password file to unlock the swarm account

$ docker run -it -v $PWD/hostdata:/data \
                 -v $PWD/password:/password \
                 ethersphere/swarm \
                            --datadir /data \
                            --password /password \
                            --debug \
                            --verbosity 4

Developers Guide

Go Environment

We assume that you have Go v1.11 installed, and GOPATH is set.

You must have your working copy under $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethersphere/swarm.

Most likely you will be working from your fork of swarm, let's say from github.com/nirname/swarm. Clone or move your fork into the right place:

$ git clone git@github.com:nirname/swarm.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethersphere/swarm

Vendored Dependencies

Vendoring is done by Makefile rule make vendor which uses go mod vendor and additionally copies cgo dependencies into vendor directory from go modules cache.

If you want to add a new dependency, run go get <import-path>, vendor it make vendor, then commit the result.

If you want to update all dependencies to their latest upstream version, run go get -u all and vendor them with make vendor.

By default, go tool will use dependencies defined in go.mod file from modules cache. In order to import code from vendor directory, an additional flag -mod=vendor must be provided when calling go run, go test, go build and go install. If vendor directory is in sync with go.mod file by updating it with make vendor, there should be no difference to use the flag or not. All Swarm build tools are using code only from the vendor directory and it is encouraged to do the same in the development process, as well.

Testing

This section explains how to run unit, integration, and end-to-end tests in your development sandbox.

Testing one library:

$ go test -v -cpu 4 ./api

Note: Using options -cpu (number of cores allowed) and -v (logging even if no error) is recommended.

Testing only some methods:

$ go test -v -cpu 4 ./api -run TestMethod

Note: here all tests with prefix TestMethod will be run, so if you got TestMethod, TestMethod1, then both!

Running benchmarks:

$ go test -v -cpu 4 -bench . -run BenchmarkJoin

Profiling Swarm

This section explains how to add Go pprof profiler to Swarm

If swarm is started with the --pprof option, a debugging HTTP server is made available on port 6060.

You can bring up http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof to see the heap, running routines etc.

By clicking full goroutine stack dump (clicking http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=2) you can generate trace that is useful for debugging.

Metrics and Instrumentation in Swarm

This section explains how to visualize and use existing Swarm metrics and how to instrument Swarm with a new metric.

Swarm metrics system is based on the go-metrics library.

The most common types of measurements we use in Swarm are counters and resetting timers. Consult the go-metrics documentation for full reference of available types.

// incrementing a counter
metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("network/stream/received_chunks", nil).Inc(1)

// measuring latency with a resetting timer
start := time.Now()
t := metrics.GetOrRegisterResettingTimer("http/request/GET/time"), nil)
...
t := UpdateSince(start)
Visualizing metrics

Swarm supports an InfluxDB exporter. Consult the help section to learn about the command line arguments used to configure it:

$ swarm --help | grep metrics

We use Grafana and InfluxDB to visualise metrics reported by Swarm. We keep our Grafana dashboards under version control at https://github.com/ethersphere/grafana-dashboards. You could use them or design your own.

We have built a tool to help with automatic start of Grafana and InfluxDB and provisioning of dashboards at https://github.com/nonsense/stateth, which requires that you have Docker installed.

Once you have stateth installed, and you have Docker running locally, you have to:

  1. Run stateth and keep it running in the background
$ stateth --rm --grafana-dashboards-folder $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethersphere/grafana-dashboards --influxdb-database metrics
  1. Run swarm with at least the following params:
--metrics \
--metrics.influxdb.export \
--metrics.influxdb.endpoint "http://localhost:8086" \
--metrics.influxdb.username "admin" \
--metrics.influxdb.password "admin" \
--metrics.influxdb.database "metrics"
  1. Open Grafana at http://localhost:3000 and view the dashboards to gain insight into Swarm.

Public Gateways

Swarm offers a local HTTP proxy API that Dapps can use to interact with Swarm. The Ethereum Foundation is hosting a public gateway, which allows free access so that people can try Swarm without running their own node.

The Swarm public gateways are temporary and users should not rely on their existence for production services.

The Swarm public gateway can be found at https://swarm-gateways.net and is always running the latest stable Swarm release.

Swarm Dapps

You can find a few reference Swarm decentralised applications at: https://swarm-gateways.net/bzz:/swarmapps.eth

Their source code can be found at: https://github.com/ethersphere/swarm-dapps

Contributing

Thank you for considering to help out with the source code! We welcome contributions from anyone on the internet, and are grateful for even the smallest of fixes!

If you'd like to contribute to Swarm, please fork, fix, commit and send a pull request for the maintainers to review and merge into the main code base. If you wish to submit more complex changes though, please check up with the core devs first on our Swarm gitter channel to ensure those changes are in line with the general philosophy of the project and/or get some early feedback which can make both your efforts much lighter as well as our review and merge procedures quick and simple.

Please make sure your contributions adhere to our coding guidelines:

  • Code must adhere to the official Go formatting guidelines (i.e. uses gofmt).
  • Code must be documented adhering to the official Go commentary guidelines.
  • Pull requests need to be based on and opened against the master branch.
  • Code review guidelines.
  • Commit messages should be prefixed with the package(s) they modify.
    • E.g. "fuse: ignore default manifest entry"

License

The swarm library (i.e. all code outside of the cmd directory) is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0, also included in our repository in the COPYING.LESSER file.

The swarm binaries (i.e. all code inside of the cmd directory) is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0, also included in our repository in the COPYING file.

Documentation

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

This section is empty.

Types

type Info

type Info struct {
	*api.Config
}

Info represents the current Swarm node's configuration

func (*Info) Info

func (i *Info) Info() *Info

Info returns the current Swarm configuration

type Swarm

type Swarm struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Swarm abstracts the complete Swarm stack

func NewSwarm

func NewSwarm(config *api.Config, mockStore *mock.NodeStore) (self *Swarm, err error)

NewSwarm creates a new swarm service instance implements node.Service If mockStore is not nil, it will be used as the storage for chunk data. MockStore should be used only for testing.

func (*Swarm) APIs

func (s *Swarm) APIs() []rpc.API

APIs returns the RPC API descriptors the Swarm implementation offers implements node.Service

func (*Swarm) Protocols

func (s *Swarm) Protocols() (protos []p2p.Protocol)

Protocols implements the node.Service interface

func (*Swarm) RegisterPssProtocol

func (s *Swarm) RegisterPssProtocol(topic *pssmessage.Topic, spec *protocols.Spec, targetprotocol *p2p.Protocol, options *pss.ProtocolParams) (*pss.Protocol, error)

RegisterPssProtocol adds a devp2p protocol to the swarm node's Pss instance

func (*Swarm) Start

func (s *Swarm) Start(srv *p2p.Server) error

Start is called when the stack is started * starts the network kademlia hive peer management * (starts netStore level 0 api) * starts DPA level 1 api (chunking -> store/retrieve requests) * (starts level 2 api) * starts http proxy server * registers url scheme handlers for bzz, etc * TODO: start subservices like sword, swear, swarmdns

implements the node.Service interface

func (*Swarm) Stop

func (s *Swarm) Stop() error

Stop stops all component services. Implements the node.Service interface.

Directories

Path Synopsis
api
http
A simple http server interface to Swarm
A simple http server interface to Swarm
bmt
Package bmt provides a binary merkle tree implementation used for swarm chunk hash Package bmt is a simple nonconcurrent reference implementation for hashsize segment based Binary Merkle tree hash on arbitrary but fixed maximum chunksize This implementation does not take advantage of any paralellisms and uses far more memory than necessary, but it is easy to see that it is correct.
Package bmt provides a binary merkle tree implementation used for swarm chunk hash Package bmt is a simple nonconcurrent reference implementation for hashsize segment based Binary Merkle tree hash on arbitrary but fixed maximum chunksize This implementation does not take advantage of any paralellisms and uses far more memory than necessary, but it is easy to see that it is correct.
cmd
contracts
ens
swap
Package swap wraps the 'swap' Ethereum smart contract.
Package swap wraps the 'swap' Ethereum smart contract.
bmt
internal
debug
Package debug interfaces Go runtime debugging facilities.
Package debug interfaces Go runtime debugging facilities.
simulations
You can run this simulation using go run ./swarm/network/simulations/overlay.go
You can run this simulation using go run ./swarm/network/simulations/overlay.go
p2p
protocols
Package protocols is an extension to p2p.
Package protocols is an extension to p2p.
Package pot see doc.go Package pot (proximity order tree) implements a container similar to a binary tree.
Package pot see doc.go Package pot (proximity order tree) implements a container similar to a binary tree.
pss
Pss provides devp2p functionality for swarm nodes without the need for a direct tcp connection between them.
Pss provides devp2p functionality for swarm nodes without the need for a direct tcp connection between them.
client
simple abstraction for implementing pss functionality the pss client library aims to simplify usage of the p2p.protocols package over pss IO is performed using the ordinary p2p.MsgReadWriter interface, which transparently communicates with a pss node via RPC using websockets as transport layer, using methods in the PssAPI class in the swarm/pss package Minimal-ish usage example (requires a running pss node with websocket RPC): import ( "context" "fmt" "os" pss "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/pss/client" "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/p2p/protocols" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p" "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/pot" "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/log" ) type FooMsg struct { Bar int } func fooHandler (msg interface{}) error { foomsg, ok := msg.(*FooMsg) if ok { log.Debug("Yay, just got a message", "msg", foomsg) } return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown message")) } spec := &protocols.Spec{ Name: "foo", Version: 1, MaxMsgSize: 1024, Messages: []interface{}{ FooMsg{}, }, } proto := &p2p.Protocol{ Name: spec.Name, Version: spec.Version, Length: uint64(len(spec.Messages)), Run: func(p *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) error { pp := protocols.NewPeer(p, rw, spec) return pp.Run(fooHandler) }, } func implementation() { cfg := pss.NewClientConfig() psc := pss.NewClient(context.Background(), nil, cfg) err := psc.Start() if err != nil { log.Crit("can't start pss client") os.Exit(1) } log.Debug("connected to pss node", "bzz addr", psc.BaseAddr) err = psc.RunProtocol(proto) if err != nil { log.Crit("can't start protocol on pss websocket") os.Exit(1) } addr := pot.RandomBzzAddress() // should be a real address, of course psc.AddPssPeer(addr, spec) // use the protocol for something psc.Stop() } BUG(test): TestIncoming test times out due to deadlock issues in the swarm hive
simple abstraction for implementing pss functionality the pss client library aims to simplify usage of the p2p.protocols package over pss IO is performed using the ordinary p2p.MsgReadWriter interface, which transparently communicates with a pss node via RPC using websockets as transport layer, using methods in the PssAPI class in the swarm/pss package Minimal-ish usage example (requires a running pss node with websocket RPC): import ( "context" "fmt" "os" pss "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/pss/client" "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/p2p/protocols" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p" "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/pot" "github.com/ethersphere/swarm/log" ) type FooMsg struct { Bar int } func fooHandler (msg interface{}) error { foomsg, ok := msg.(*FooMsg) if ok { log.Debug("Yay, just got a message", "msg", foomsg) } return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown message")) } spec := &protocols.Spec{ Name: "foo", Version: 1, MaxMsgSize: 1024, Messages: []interface{}{ FooMsg{}, }, } proto := &p2p.Protocol{ Name: spec.Name, Version: spec.Version, Length: uint64(len(spec.Messages)), Run: func(p *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) error { pp := protocols.NewPeer(p, rw, spec) return pp.Run(fooHandler) }, } func implementation() { cfg := pss.NewClientConfig() psc := pss.NewClient(context.Background(), nil, cfg) err := psc.Start() if err != nil { log.Crit("can't start pss client") os.Exit(1) } log.Debug("connected to pss node", "bzz addr", psc.BaseAddr) err = psc.RunProtocol(proto) if err != nil { log.Crit("can't start protocol on pss websocket") os.Exit(1) } addr := pot.RandomBzzAddress() // should be a real address, of course psc.AddPssPeer(addr, spec) // use the protocol for something psc.Stop() } BUG(test): TestIncoming test times out due to deadlock issues in the swarm hive
Package shed provides a simple abstraction components to compose more complex operations on storage data organized in fields and indexes.
Package shed provides a simple abstraction components to compose more complex operations on storage data organized in fields and indexes.
feed
Package feeds defines Swarm Feeds.
Package feeds defines Swarm Feeds.
feed/lookup
Package lookup defines feed lookup algorithms and provides tools to place updates so they can be found
Package lookup defines feed lookup algorithms and provides tools to place updates so they can be found
localstore
Package localstore provides disk storage layer for Swarm Chunk persistence.
Package localstore provides disk storage layer for Swarm Chunk persistence.
mock
Package mock defines types that are used by different implementations of mock storages.
Package mock defines types that are used by different implementations of mock storages.
mock/db
Package db implements a mock store that keeps all chunk data in LevelDB database.
Package db implements a mock store that keeps all chunk data in LevelDB database.
mock/mem
Package mem implements a mock store that keeps all chunk data in memory.
Package mem implements a mock store that keeps all chunk data in memory.
mock/rpc
Package rpc implements an RPC client that connect to a centralized mock store.
Package rpc implements an RPC client that connect to a centralized mock store.
mock/test
Package test provides functions that are used for testing GlobalStorer implementations.
Package test provides functions that are used for testing GlobalStorer implementations.
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