README
¶
JSON-RPC 2.0 Client for golang
A go implementation of an rpc client using json as data format over http. The implementation is based on the JSON-RPC 2.0 specification: http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification
Supports:
- requests with arbitrary parameters
- convenient response retrieval
- batch requests
- custom http client (e.g. proxy, tls config)
- custom headers (e.g. basic auth)
Installation
go get -u github.com/ybbus/jsonrpc
Getting started
Let's say we want to retrieve a person struct with a specific id using rpc-json over http. Then we want to save this person after we changed a property. (Error handling is omitted here)
type Person struct {
Id int `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
var person *Person
rpcClient.CallFor(&person, "getPersonById", 4711)
person.Age = 33
rpcClient.Call("updatePerson", person)
}
In detail
Generating rpc-json requests
Let's start by executing a simple json-rpc http call: In production code: Always make sure to check err != nil first!
This calls generate and send a valid rpc-json object. (see: http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification#request_object)
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
rpcClient.Call("getDate")
// generates body: {"method":"getDate","id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}
}
Call a function with parameter:
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
rpcClient.Call("addNumbers", 1, 2)
// generates body: {"method":"addNumbers","params":[1,2],"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}
}
Call a function with arbitrary parameters:
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
rpcClient.Call("createPerson", "Alex", 33, "Germany")
// generates body: {"method":"createPerson","params":["Alex",33,"Germany"],"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}
}
Call a function providing custom data structures as parameters:
type Person struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
Country string `json:"country"`
}
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
rpcClient.Call("createPerson", &Person{"Alex", 33, "Germany"})
// generates body: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"createPerson","params":{"name":"Alex","age":33,"country":"Germany"},"id":1}
}
Complex example:
type Person struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
Country string `json:"country"`
}
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
rpcClient.Call("createPersonsWithRole", &Person{"Alex", 33, "Germany"}, &Person{"Barney", 38, "Germany"}, []string{"Admin", "User"})
// generates body: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"createPersonsWithRole","params":[{"name":"Alex","age":33,"country":"Germany"},{"name":"Barney","age":38,"country":"Germany"},["Admin","User"]],"id":1}
}
Some examples and resulting JSON-RPC objects:
rpcClient.Call("missingParam")
{"method":"missingParam"}
rpcClient.Call("nullParam", nil)
{"method":"nullParam","params":[null]}
rpcClient.Call("boolParam", true)
{"method":"boolParam","params":[true]}
rpcClient.Call("boolParams", true, false, true)
{"method":"boolParams","params":[true,false,true]}
rpcClient.Call("stringParam", "Alex")
{"method":"stringParam","params":["Alex"]}
rpcClient.Call("stringParams", "JSON", "RPC")
{"method":"stringParams","params":["JSON","RPC"]}
rpcClient.Call("numberParam", 123)
{"method":"numberParam","params":[123]}
rpcClient.Call("numberParams", 123, 321)
{"method":"numberParams","params":[123,321]}
rpcClient.Call("floatParam", 1.23)
{"method":"floatParam","params":[1.23]}
rpcClient.Call("floatParams", 1.23, 3.21)
{"method":"floatParams","params":[1.23,3.21]}
rpcClient.Call("manyParams", "Alex", 35, true, nil, 2.34)
{"method":"manyParams","params":["Alex",35,true,null,2.34]}
rpcClient.Call("singlePointerToStruct", &person)
{"method":"singlePointerToStruct","params":{"name":"Alex","age":35,"country":"Germany"}}
rpcClient.Call("multipleStructs", &person, &drink)
{"method":"multipleStructs","params":[{"name":"Alex","age":35,"country":"Germany"},{"name":"Cuba Libre","ingredients":["rum","cola"]}]}
rpcClient.Call("singleStructInArray", []*Person{&person})
{"method":"singleStructInArray","params":[{"name":"Alex","age":35,"country":"Germany"}]}
rpcClient.Call("namedParameters", map[string]interface{}{
"name": "Alex",
"age": 35,
})
{"method":"namedParameters","params":{"age":35,"name":"Alex"}}
rpcClient.Call("anonymousStruct", struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}{"Alex", 33})
{"method":"anonymousStructWithTags","params":{"name":"Alex","age":33}}
rpcClient.Call("structWithNullField", struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Address *string `json:"address"`
}{"Alex", nil})
{"method":"structWithNullField","params":{"name":"Alex","address":null}}
Working with rpc-json responses
Before working with the response object, make sure to check err != nil. Also keep in mind that the json-rpc result field can be nil even on success.
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, err := rpcClient.Call("addNumbers", 1, 2)
if err != nil {
// error handling goes here e.g. network / http error
}
}
If an http error occurred, maybe you are interested in the error code (403 etc.)
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, err := rpcClient.Call("addNumbers", 1, 2)
switch e := err.(type) {
case nil: // if error is nil, do nothing
case *HTTPError:
// use e.Code here
return
default:
// any other error
return
}
// no error, go on...
}
The next thing you have to check is if an rpc-json protocol error occurred. This is done by checking if the Error field in the rpc-response != nil: (see: http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification#error_object)
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, err := rpcClient.Call("addNumbers", 1, 2)
if err != nil {
//error handling goes here
}
if response.Error != nil {
// rpc error handling goes here
// check response.Error.Code, response.Error.Message and optional response.Error.Data
}
}
After making sure that no errors occurred you can now examine the RPCResponse object. When executing a json-rpc request, most of the time you will be interested in the "result"-property of the returned json-rpc response object. (see: http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification#response_object) The library provides some helper functions to retrieve the result in the data format you are interested in. Again: check for err != nil here to be sure the expected type was provided in the response and could be parsed.
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, _ := rpcClient.Call("addNumbers", 1, 2)
result, err := response.GetInt()
if err != nil {
// result cannot be unmarshalled as integer
}
// helpers provided for all primitive types:
response.GetInt()
response.GetFloat()
response.GetString()
response.GetBool()
}
Retrieving arrays and objects is also very simple:
// json annotations are only required to transform the structure back to json
type Person struct {
Id int `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, _ := rpcClient.Call("getPersonById", 123)
var person *Person
err := response.GetObject(&person) // expects a rpc-object result value like: {"id": 123, "name": "alex", "age": 33}
if err != nil || person == nil {
// some error on json unmarshal level or json result field was null
}
fmt.Println(person.Name)
// we can also set default values if they are missing from the result, or result == null:
person2 := &Person{
Id: 0,
Name: "<empty>",
Age: -1,
}
err := response.GetObject(&person2) // expects a rpc-object result value like: {"id": 123, "name": "alex", "age": 33}
if err != nil || person2 == nil {
// some error on json unmarshal level or json result field was null
}
fmt.Println(person2.Name) // prints "<empty>" if "name" field was missing in result-json
}
Retrieving arrays:
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, _ := rpcClient.Call("getRandomNumbers", 10)
rndNumbers := []int{}
err := response.GetObject(&rndNumbers) // expects a rpc-object result value like: [10, 188, 14, 3]
if err != nil {
// do error handling
}
for _, num := range rndNumbers {
fmt.Printf("%v\n", num)
}
}
Using convenient function CallFor()
A very handy way to quickly invoke methods and retrieve results is by using CallFor()
You can directly provide an object where the result should be stored. Be sure to provide it be reference. An error is returned if:
- there was an network / http error
- RPCError object is not nil (err can be casted to this object)
- rpc result could not be parsed into provided object
One of te above examples could look like this:
// json annotations are only required to transform the structure back to json
type Person struct {
Id int `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
var person *Person
err := rpcClient.CallFor(&person, "getPersonById", 123)
if err != nil || person == nil {
// handle error
}
fmt.Println(person.Name)
}
Most of the time it is ok to check if a struct field is 0, empty string "" etc. to check if it was provided by the json rpc response. But if you want to be sure that a JSON-RPC response field was missing or not, you should use pointers to the fields. This is just a single example since all this Unmarshaling is standard go json functionality, exactly as if you would call json.Unmarshal(rpcResponse.ResultAsByteArray, &objectToStoreResult)
type Person struct {
Id *int `json:"id"`
Name *string `json:"name"`
Age *int `json:"age"`
}
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
var person *Person
err := rpcClient.CallFor(&person, "getPersonById", 123)
if err != nil || person == nil {
// handle error
}
if person.Name == nil {
// json rpc response did not provide a field "name" in the result object
}
}
Using RPC Batch Requests
You can send multiple RPC-Requests in one single HTTP request using RPC Batch Requests.
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClient("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc")
response, _ := rpcClient.CallBatch(RPCRequests{
NewRequest("myMethod1", 1, 2, 3),
NewRequest("anotherMethod", "Alex", 35, true),
NewRequest("myMethod2", &Person{
Name: "Emmy",
Age: 4,
}),
})
}
Keep the following in mind:
- the request / response id's are important to map the requests to the responses. CallBatch() automatically sets the ids to requests[i].ID == i
- the response can be provided in an unordered and maybe incomplete form
- when you want to set the id yourself use, CallRaw()
There are some helper methods for batch request results:
func main() {
// [...]
result.HasErrors() // returns true if one of the rpc response objects has Error field != nil
resultMap := result.AsMap() // returns a map for easier retrieval of requests
if response123, ok := resultMap[123]; ok {
// response object with id 123 exists, use it here
// response123.ID == 123
response123.GetObjectAs(&person)
// ...
}
}
Raw functions
There are also Raw function calls. Consider the non Raw functions first, unless you know what you are doing. You can create invalid json rpc requests and have to take care of id's etc. yourself. Also check documentation of Params() for raw requests.
Custom Headers, Basic authentication
If the rpc-service is running behind a basic authentication you can easily set the Authorization header:
func main() {
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClientWithOpts("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc", &jsonrpc.RPCClientOpts{
CustomHeaders: map[string]string{
"Authorization": "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("myUser"+":"+"mySecret")),
},
})
response, _ := rpcClient.Call("addNumbers", 1, 2) // send with Authorization-Header
}
Using oauth
Using oauth is also easy, e.g. with clientID and clientSecret authentication
func main() {
credentials := clientcredentials.Config{
ClientID: "myID",
ClientSecret: "mySecret",
TokenURL: "http://mytokenurl",
}
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClientWithOpts("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc", &jsonrpc.RPCClientOpts{
HTTPClient: credentials.Client(context.Background()),
})
// requests now retrieve and use an oauth token
}
Set a custom httpClient
If you have some special needs on the http.Client of the standard go library, just provide your own one. For example to use a proxy when executing json-rpc calls:
func main() {
proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("http://proxy:8080")
transport := &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)}
httpClient := &http.Client{
Transport: transport,
}
rpcClient := jsonrpc.NewClientWithOpts("http://my-rpc-service:8080/rpc", &jsonrpc.RPCClientOpts{
HTTPClient: httpClient,
})
// requests now use proxy
}
Documentation
¶
Overview ¶
Package jsonrpc provides a JSON-RPC 2.0 client that sends JSON-RPC requests and receives JSON-RPC responses using HTTP.
Index ¶
Constants ¶
This section is empty.
Variables ¶
This section is empty.
Functions ¶
func Params ¶
func Params(params ...interface{}) interface{}
Params is a helper function that uses the same parameter syntax as Call(). But you should consider to always use NewRequest() instead.
e.g. to manually create an RPCRequest object:
request := &RPCRequest{
Method: "myMethod",
Params: Params("Alex", 35, true),
}
same with new request: request := NewRequest("myMethod", "Alex", 35, true)
If you know what you are doing you can omit the Params() call but potentially create incorrect rpc requests:
request := &RPCRequest{
Method: "myMethod",
Params: 2, <-- invalid since a single primitive value must be wrapped in an array --> no magic without Params()
}
correct:
request := &RPCRequest{
Method: "myMethod",
Params: []int{2}, <-- invalid since a single primitive value must be wrapped in an array
}
Types ¶
type HTTPClient ¶
type HTTPClient interface {
Do(*fasthttp.Request, *fasthttp.Response) error
CloseIdleConnections()
}
HTTPClient is an abstraction for a HTTP client
type HTTPError ¶
type HTTPError struct {
Code int
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
HTTPError represents a error that occurred on HTTP level.
An error of type HTTPError is returned when a HTTP error occurred (status code) and the body could not be parsed to a valid RPCResponse object that holds a RPCError.
Otherwise a RPCResponse object is returned with a RPCError field that is not nil.
func NewHTTPError ¶
type RPCClient ¶
type RPCClient interface {
// Call is used to send a JSON-RPC request to the server endpoint.
//
// The spec states, that params can only be an array or an object, no primitive values.
// So there are a few simple rules to notice:
//
// 1. no params: params field is omitted. e.g. Call("getinfo")
//
// 2. single params primitive value: value is wrapped in array. e.g. Call("getByID", 1423)
//
// 3. single params value array or object: value is unchanged. e.g. Call("storePerson", &Person{Name: "Alex"})
//
// 4. multiple params values: always wrapped in array. e.g. Call("setDetails", "Alex, 35, "Germany", true)
//
// Examples:
// Call("getinfo") -> {"method": "getinfo"}
// Call("getPersonId", 123) -> {"method": "getPersonId", "params": [123]}
// Call("setName", "Alex") -> {"method": "setName", "params": ["Alex"]}
// Call("setMale", true) -> {"method": "setMale", "params": [true]}
// Call("setNumbers", []int{1, 2, 3}) -> {"method": "setNumbers", "params": [1, 2, 3]}
// Call("setNumbers", 1, 2, 3) -> {"method": "setNumbers", "params": [1, 2, 3]}
// Call("savePerson", &Person{Name: "Alex", Age: 35}) -> {"method": "savePerson", "params": {"name": "Alex", "age": 35}}
// Call("setPersonDetails", "Alex", 35, "Germany") -> {"method": "setPersonDetails", "params": ["Alex", 35, "Germany"}}
//
// for more information, see the examples or the unit tests
Call(method string, params ...interface{}) (*RPCResponse, error)
// CallRaw is like Call() but without magic in the requests.Params field.
// The RPCRequest object is sent exactly as you provide it.
// See docs: NewRequest, RPCRequest, Params()
//
// It is recommended to first consider Call() and CallFor()
CallRaw(request *RPCRequest) (*RPCResponse, error)
// CallFor is a very handy function to send a JSON-RPC request to the server endpoint
// and directly specify an object to store the response.
//
// out: will store the unmarshaled object, if request was successful.
// should always be provided by references. can be nil even on success.
// the behaviour is the same as expected from json.Unmarshal()
//
// method and params: see Call() function
//
// if the request was not successful (network, http error) or the rpc response returns an error,
// an error is returned. if it was an JSON-RPC error it can be casted
// to *RPCError.
//
CallFor(out interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error
// CallBatch invokes a list of RPCRequests in a single batch request.
//
// Most convenient is to use the following form:
// CallBatch(RPCRequests{
// Batch("myMethod1", 1, 2, 3),
// Batch("myMethod2), "Test"),
// })
//
// You can create the []*RPCRequest array yourself, but it is not recommended and you should notice the following:
// - field Params is sent as provided, so Params: 2 forms an invalid json (correct would be Params: []int{2})
// - you can use the helper function Params(1, 2, 3) to use the same format as in Call()
// - field JSONRPC is overwritten and set to value: "2.0"
// - field ID is overwritten and set incrementally and maps to the array position (e.g. requests[5].ID == 5)
//
//
// Returns RPCResponses that is of type []*RPCResponse
// - note that a list of RPCResponses can be received unordered so it can happen that: responses[i] != responses[i].ID
// - RPCPersponses is enriched with helper functions e.g.: responses.HasError() returns true if one of the responses holds an RPCError
CallBatch(requests RPCRequests) (RPCResponses, error)
// CallBatchRaw invokes a list of RPCRequests in a single batch request.
// It sends the RPCRequests parameter is it passed (no magic, no id autoincrement).
//
// Consider to use CallBatch() instead except you have some good reason not to.
//
// CallBatchRaw(RPCRequests{
// &RPCRequest{
// ID: 123, // this won't be replaced in CallBatchRaw
// JSONRPC: "wrong", // this won't be replaced in CallBatchRaw
// Method: "myMethod1",
// Params: []int{1}, // there is no magic, be sure to only use array or object
// },
// &RPCRequest{
// ID: 612,
// JSONRPC: "2.0",
// Method: "myMethod2",
// Params: Params("Alex", 35, true), // you can use helper function Params() (see doc)
// },
// })
//
// Returns RPCResponses that is of type []*RPCResponse
// - note that a list of RPCResponses can be received unordered
// - the id's must be mapped against the id's you provided
// - RPCPersponses is enriched with helper functions e.g.: responses.HasError() returns true if one of the responses holds an RPCError
CallBatchRaw(requests RPCRequests) (RPCResponses, error)
CallForInto(out interface{}, method string, params []interface{}) error
CallWithCallback(method string, params []interface{}, callback func(*fasthttp.Request, *fasthttp.Response) error) error
Close() error
}
RPCClient sends JSON-RPC requests over HTTP to the provided JSON-RPC backend.
RPCClient is created using the factory function NewClient().
func NewClient ¶
NewClient returns a new RPCClient instance with default configuration.
endpoint: JSON-RPC service URL to which JSON-RPC requests are sent.
func NewClientWithOpts ¶
func NewClientWithOpts(endpoint string, opts *RPCClientOpts) RPCClient
NewClientWithOpts returns a new RPCClient instance with custom configuration.
endpoint: JSON-RPC service URL to which JSON-RPC requests are sent.
opts: RPCClientOpts provide custom configuration
type RPCClientOpts ¶
type RPCClientOpts struct {
HTTPClient HTTPClient
CustomHeaders map[string]string
}
RPCClientOpts can be provided to NewClientWithOpts() to change configuration of RPCClient.
HTTPClient: provide a custom http.Client (e.g. to set a proxy, or tls options)
CustomHeaders: provide custom headers, e.g. to set BasicAuth
type RPCError ¶
type RPCError struct {
Code int `json:"code"`
Message string `json:"message"`
Data interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
}
RPCError represents a JSON-RPC error object if an RPC error occurred.
Code: holds the error code
Message: holds a short error message
Data: holds additional error data, may be nil
type RPCRequest ¶
type RPCRequest struct {
Method string `json:"method"`
Params interface{} `json:"params,omitempty"`
ID int `json:"id"`
JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
}
RPCRequest represents a JSON-RPC request object.
Method: string containing the method to be invoked
Params: can be nil. if not must be an json array or object
ID: may always set to 1 for single requests. Should be unique for every request in one batch request.
JSONRPC: must always be set to "2.0" for JSON-RPC version 2.0
See: http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification#request_object
Most of the time you shouldn't create the RPCRequest object yourself. The following functions do that for you: Call(), CallFor(), NewRequest()
If you want to create it yourself (e.g. in batch or CallRaw()), consider using Params(). Params() is a helper function that uses the same parameter syntax as Call().
e.g. to manually create an RPCRequest object:
request := &RPCRequest{
Method: "myMethod",
Params: Params("Alex", 35, true),
}
If you know what you are doing you can omit the Params() call to avoid some reflection but potentially create incorrect rpc requests:
request := &RPCRequest{
Method: "myMethod",
Params: 2, <-- invalid since a single primitive value must be wrapped in an array --> no magic without Params()
}
correct:
request := &RPCRequest{
Method: "myMethod",
Params: []int{2}, <-- invalid since a single primitive value must be wrapped in an array
}
func NewRequest ¶
func NewRequest(method string, params ...interface{}) *RPCRequest
NewRequest returns a new RPCRequest that can be created using the same convenient parameter syntax as Call()
e.g. NewRequest("myMethod", "Alex", 35, true)
type RPCRequests ¶
type RPCRequests []*RPCRequest
RPCRequests is of type []*RPCRequest. This type is used to provide helper functions on the request list
type RPCResponse ¶
type RPCResponse struct {
JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
Result stdjson.RawMessage `json:"result,omitempty"`
Error *RPCError `json:"error,omitempty"`
ID int `json:"id"`
}
RPCResponse represents a JSON-RPC response object.
Result: holds the result of the rpc call if no error occurred, nil otherwise. can be nil even on success.
Error: holds an RPCError object if an error occurred. must be nil on success.
ID: may always be 0 for single requests. is unique for each request in a batch call (see CallBatch())
JSONRPC: must always be set to "2.0" for JSON-RPC version 2.0
See: http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification#response_object
func (*RPCResponse) GetObject ¶
func (RPCResponse *RPCResponse) GetObject(toType interface{}) error
GetObject converts the rpc response to an arbitrary type.
The function works as you would expect it from json.Unmarshal()
type RPCResponses ¶
type RPCResponses []*RPCResponse
RPCResponses is of type []*RPCResponse. This type is used to provide helper functions on the result list
func (RPCResponses) AsMap ¶
func (res RPCResponses) AsMap() map[int]*RPCResponse
AsMap returns the responses as map with response id as key.
func (RPCResponses) GetByID ¶
func (res RPCResponses) GetByID(id int) *RPCResponse
GetByID returns the response object of the given id, nil if it does not exist.
func (RPCResponses) HasError ¶
func (res RPCResponses) HasError() bool
HasError returns true if one of the response objects has Error field != nil
Source Files