Documentation
¶
Overview ¶
Package url parses URLs and implements query escaping.
Index ¶
- func PathEscape(s string) string
- func PathUnescape(s string) (string, error)
- func QueryEscape(s string) string
- func QueryUnescape(s string) (string, error)
- type Error
- type EscapeError
- type InvalidHostError
- type URL
- func (u *URL) EscapedPath() string
- func (u *URL) Hostname() string
- func (u *URL) IsAbs() bool
- func (u *URL) MarshalBinary() (text []byte, err error)
- func (u *URL) Parse(ref string) (*URL, error)
- func (u *URL) Port() string
- func (u *URL) Query() Values
- func (u *URL) RequestURI() string
- func (u *URL) ResolveReference(ref *URL) *URL
- func (u *URL) String() string
- func (u *URL) UnmarshalBinary(text []byte) error
- type Userinfo
- type Values
Examples ¶
Constants ¶
This section is empty.
Variables ¶
This section is empty.
Functions ¶
func PathEscape ¶
PathEscape escapes the string so it can be safely placed inside a URL path segment.
func PathUnescape ¶
PathUnescape does the inverse transformation of PathEscape, converting %AB into the byte 0xAB. It returns an error if any % is not followed by two hexadecimal digits.
PathUnescape is identical to QueryUnescape except that it does not unescape '+' to ' ' (space).
func QueryEscape ¶
QueryEscape escapes the string so it can be safely placed inside a URL query.
func QueryUnescape ¶
QueryUnescape does the inverse transformation of QueryEscape, converting %AB into the byte 0xAB and '+' into ' ' (space). It returns an error if any % is not followed by two hexadecimal digits.
Types ¶
type EscapeError ¶
type EscapeError string
func (EscapeError) Error ¶
func (e EscapeError) Error() string
type InvalidHostError ¶
type InvalidHostError string
func (InvalidHostError) Error ¶
func (e InvalidHostError) Error() string
type URL ¶
type URL struct {
Scheme string
Opaque string // encoded opaque data
User *Userinfo // username and password information
Host string // host or host:port
Path string
RawPath string // encoded path hint (Go 1.5 and later only; see EscapedPath method)
ForceQuery bool // append a query ('?') even if RawQuery is empty
RawQuery string // encoded query values, without '?'
Fragment string // fragment for references, without '#'
}
A URL represents a parsed URL (technically, a URI reference). The general form represented is:
scheme://[userinfo@]host/path[?query][#fragment]
URLs that do not start with a slash after the scheme are interpreted as:
scheme:opaque[?query][#fragment]
Note that the Path field is stored in decoded form: /%47%6f%2f becomes /Go/. A consequence is that it is impossible to tell which slashes in the Path were slashes in the raw URL and which were %2f. This distinction is rarely important, but when it is, code must not use Path directly.
Go 1.5 introduced the RawPath field to hold the encoded form of Path. The Parse function sets both Path and RawPath in the URL it returns, and URL's String method uses RawPath if it is a valid encoding of Path, by calling the EscapedPath method.
In earlier versions of Go, the more indirect workarounds were that an HTTP server could consult req.RequestURI and an HTTP client could construct a URL struct directly and set the Opaque field instead of Path. These still work as well.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
u, err := url.Parse("http://bing.com/search?q=dotnet")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
u.Scheme = "https"
u.Host = "google.com"
q := u.Query()
q.Set("q", "golang")
u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
fmt.Println(u)
}
Output: https://google.com/search?q=golang
Example (Opaque) ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"net/http/httputil"
"net/url"
"strings"
)
func main() {
// Sending a literal '%' in an HTTP request's Path
req := &http.Request{
Method: "GET",
Host: "example.com", // takes precedence over URL.Host
URL: &url.URL{
Host: "ignored",
Scheme: "https",
Opaque: "/%2f/",
},
Header: http.Header{
"User-Agent": {"godoc-example/0.1"},
},
}
out, err := httputil.DumpRequestOut(req, true)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(strings.Replace(string(out), "\r", "", -1))
}
Output: GET /%2f/ HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com User-Agent: godoc-example/0.1 Accept-Encoding: gzip
Example (Roundtrip) ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
// Parse + String preserve the original encoding.
u, err := url.Parse("https://example.com/foo%2fbar")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(u.Path)
fmt.Println(u.RawPath)
fmt.Println(u.String())
}
Output: /foo/bar /foo%2fbar https://example.com/foo%2fbar
func ParseRequestURI ¶
ParseRequestURI parses rawurl into a URL structure. It assumes that rawurl was received in an HTTP request, so the rawurl is interpreted only as an absolute URI or an absolute path. The string rawurl is assumed not to have a #fragment suffix. (Web browsers strip #fragment before sending the URL to a web server.)
func (*URL) EscapedPath ¶
EscapedPath returns the escaped form of u.Path. In general there are multiple possible escaped forms of any path. EscapedPath returns u.RawPath when it is a valid escaping of u.Path. Otherwise EscapedPath ignores u.RawPath and computes an escaped form on its own. The String and RequestURI methods use EscapedPath to construct their results. In general, code should call EscapedPath instead of reading u.RawPath directly.
func (*URL) Hostname ¶
Hostname returns u.Host, without any port number.
If Host is an IPv6 literal with a port number, Hostname returns the IPv6 literal without the square brackets. IPv6 literals may include a zone identifier.
func (*URL) IsAbs ¶
IsAbs reports whether the URL is absolute. Absolute means that it has a non-empty scheme.
func (*URL) MarshalBinary ¶
func (*URL) Parse ¶
Parse parses a URL in the context of the receiver. The provided URL may be relative or absolute. Parse returns nil, err on parse failure, otherwise its return value is the same as ResolveReference.
func (*URL) Port ¶
Port returns the port part of u.Host, without the leading colon. If u.Host doesn't contain a port, Port returns an empty string.
func (*URL) RequestURI ¶
RequestURI returns the encoded path?query or opaque?query string that would be used in an HTTP request for u.
func (*URL) ResolveReference ¶
ResolveReference resolves a URI reference to an absolute URI from an absolute base URI, per RFC 3986 Section 5.2. The URI reference may be relative or absolute. ResolveReference always returns a new URL instance, even if the returned URL is identical to either the base or reference. If ref is an absolute URL, then ResolveReference ignores base and returns a copy of ref.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
u, err := url.Parse("../../..//search?q=dotnet")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
base, err := url.Parse("http://example.com/directory/")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(base.ResolveReference(u))
}
Output: http://example.com/search?q=dotnet
func (*URL) String ¶
String reassembles the URL into a valid URL string. The general form of the result is one of:
scheme:opaque?query#fragment scheme://userinfo@host/path?query#fragment
If u.Opaque is non-empty, String uses the first form; otherwise it uses the second form. To obtain the path, String uses u.EscapedPath().
In the second form, the following rules apply:
- if u.Scheme is empty, scheme: is omitted.
- if u.User is nil, userinfo@ is omitted.
- if u.Host is empty, host/ is omitted.
- if u.Scheme and u.Host are empty and u.User is nil, the entire scheme://userinfo@host/ is omitted.
- if u.Host is non-empty and u.Path begins with a /, the form host/path does not add its own /.
- if u.RawQuery is empty, ?query is omitted.
- if u.Fragment is empty, #fragment is omitted.
func (*URL) UnmarshalBinary ¶
type Userinfo ¶
type Userinfo struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
The Userinfo type is an immutable encapsulation of username and password details for a URL. An existing Userinfo value is guaranteed to have a username set (potentially empty, as allowed by RFC 2396), and optionally a password.
func UserPassword ¶
UserPassword returns a Userinfo containing the provided username and password. This functionality should only be used with legacy web sites. RFC 2396 warns that interpreting Userinfo this way “is NOT RECOMMENDED, because the passing of authentication information in clear text (such as URI) has proven to be a security risk in almost every case where it has been used.”
type Values ¶
Values maps a string key to a list of values. It is typically used for query parameters and form values. Unlike in the http.Header map, the keys in a Values map are case-sensitive.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
v := url.Values{}
v.Set("name", "Ava")
v.Add("friend", "Jess")
v.Add("friend", "Sarah")
v.Add("friend", "Zoe")
// v.Encode() == "name=Ava&friend=Jess&friend=Sarah&friend=Zoe"
fmt.Println(v.Get("name"))
fmt.Println(v.Get("friend"))
fmt.Println(v["friend"])
}
Output: Ava Jess [Jess Sarah Zoe]
func ParseQuery ¶
ParseQuery parses the URL-encoded query string and returns a map listing the values specified for each key. ParseQuery always returns a non-nil map containing all the valid query parameters found; err describes the first decoding error encountered, if any.
Query is expected to be a list of key=value settings separated by ampersands or semicolons. A setting without an equals sign is interpreted as a key set to an empty value.
Example ¶
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
"strings"
)
func main() {
m, err := url.ParseQuery(`x=1&y=2&y=3;z`)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(toJSON(m))
}
func toJSON(m interface{}) string {
js, err := json.Marshal(m)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
return strings.Replace(string(js), ",", ", ", -1)
}
Output: {"x":["1"], "y":["2", "3"], "z":[""]}
func (Values) Add ¶
Add adds the value to key. It appends to any existing values associated with key.
func (Values) Encode ¶
Encode encodes the values into “URL encoded” form ("bar=baz&foo=quux") sorted by key.
Source Files