vip-manager

README

vip-manager

Manages a virtual IP based on state kept in etcd or Consul. Monitors state in etcd

Table of Contents

• Prerequisites
• Building
• Installing from package
• Installing from source
• PostgreSQL prerequisites
• Configuration
• Migrating configuration from releases before v1.0
  • Migration for Service Files using Environment Variables
  • Migration for Service Files using YAML config files
• Configuration - Hetzner
  • Credential File - Hetzmer
• Debugging
• Author

Prerequisites

• go >= 1.14
• make
• nfpm for building .rpm and .deb packages
• chglog for changelog and packaging

Building

1. clone this repo

git clone https://github.com/cybertec-postgresql/vip-manager.git

1. get the (optional) requirements

# packaging:
go install github.com/goreleaser/nfpm/v2/cmd/nfpm@latest
# changelog, also packaging:
go get github.com/goreleaser/chglog/cmd/chglog

1. (optionally) set PATH to find those dependencies

PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"

1. Build the binary using make.
2. To build your own .deb or .rpm, run make package, which will generate a .deb and .rpm package.

Installing from package

You can download .rpm or .deb packages here, on the Releases page. On Debian and Ubuntu, the universe repositories should provide you with vip-manager, though the version may be not as recent.

NB! Our .deb is probably not compatible with the one from those repositories, do not try to install them side-by-side.

Installing from source

• Follow the steps to build vip-manager.
• Run DESTDIR=/tmp make install to copy the binary, service files and config file into the destination of your choice.
• Edit config to your needs, then run systemctl daemon-reload, then systemctl start vip-manager.

systemd will only pick the service files up if you chose a DESTDIR so that it can find it. Usually DESTDIR='' should work.

PostgreSQL prerequisites

For any virtual IP based solutions to work in general with Postgres you need to make sure that it is configured to automatically scan and bind to all found network interfaces. So something like * or 0.0.0.0 (IPv4 only) is needed for the listen_addresses parameter to activate the automatic binding. This again might not be suitable for all use cases where security is paramount for example.

nonlocal bind

If you can't set listen_addresses to a wildcard address, you can explicitly specify only those adresses that you want to listen to. However, if you add the virtual IP to those addresses, PostgreSQL will fail to start when that address is not yet registered on one of the interfaces of the machine. You need to configure the kernel to allow "nonlocal bind" of IP (v4) addresses:

• temporarily:

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1

• permanently:

echo "net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

Configuration

The configuration can be passed to the executable through argument flags, environment variables or through a YAML config file. Run vip-manager --help to see the available flags.

The location of the YAML config file can be specified with the --config flag. An exemplary config file is installed into /etc/default/vip-manager_default.yml or is available in the vipconfig directory in the repository of the software.

Configuration is now (from release v1.0 on) handled using the viper library. This means that environment variables, command line flags, and config files can be used to configure vip-manager. When using different configuration sources simultaneously, this is the precedence order:

• flag
• env
• config

So flags always overwrite env variables and entries from the config file. Env variables overwrite the config file entries.

All flags and file entries are written in lower case. To make longer multi-word flags and entries readable, they are separated by dashes.

e.g. retry-num

If you put a flag or file entry into uppercase and replace dashes with underscores, you end up with the format of environment variables. To avoid overlapping configuration with other applications, the env variables are additionall prefixed with VIP_.

e.g. VIP_RETRY_NUM

This is a list of all avaiable configuration items:

flag/yaml key	env notation	required	example	description
ip	VIP_IP	yes	10.10.10.123	The virtual IP address that will be managed.
netmask	VIP_NETMASK	yes	24	The netmask that is associated with the subnet that the virtual IP vip is part of.
interface	VIP_INTERFACE	yes	eth0	A local network interface on the machine that runs vip-manager. Required when using manager-type=basic. The vip will be added to and removed from this interface.
trigger-key	VIP_TRIGGER_KEY	yes	/service/pgcluster/leader	The key in the DCS that will be monitored by vip-manager. Must match <namespace>/<scope>/leader from Patroni config. When the value returned by the DCS equals trigger-value, vip-manager will make sure that the virtual IP is registered to this machine. If it does not match, vip-manager makes sure that the virtual IP is not registered to this machine.
trigger-value	VIP_TRIGGER_VALUE	no	pgcluster_member_1	The value that the DCS' answer for trigger-key will be matched to. Must match <name> from Patroni config. This is usually set to the name of the patroni cluster member that this vip-manager instance is associated with. Defaults to the machine's hostname.
manager-type	VIP_MANAGER_TYPE	no	basic	Either basic or hetzner. This describes the mechanism that is used to manage the virtual IP. Defaults to basic.
dcs-type	VIP_DCS_TYPE	no	etcd	The type of DCS that vip-manager will use to monitor the trigger-key. Defaults to etcd.
dcs-endpoints	VIP_DCS_ENDPOINTS	no	http://10.10.11.1:2379	A url that defines where to reach the DCS. Multiple endpoints can be passed to the flag or env variable using a comma-separated-list. In the config file, a list can be specified, see the sample config for an example. Defaults to http://127.0.0.1:2379 for dcs-type=etcd and http://127.0.0.1:8500 for dcs-type=consul.
etcd-user	VIP_ETCD_USER	no	patroni	A username that is allowed to look at the trigger-key in an etcd DCS. Optional when using dcs-type=etcd .
etcd-password	VIP_ETCD_PASSWORD	no	snakeoil	The password for etcd-user. Optional when using dcs-type=etcd . Requires that etcd-user is also set.
consul-token	VIP_CONSUL_TOKEN	no	snakeoil	A token that can be used with the consul-API for authentication. Optional when using dcs-type=consul .
interval	VIP_INTERVAL	no	1000	The time vip-manager main loop sleeps before checking for changes. Measured in ms. Defaults to 1000.
retry-after	VIP_RETRY_AFTER	no	250	The time to wait before retrying interactions with components outside of vip-manager. Measured in ms. Defaults to 250.
retry-num	VIP_RETRY_NUM	no	3	The number of times interactions with components outside of vip-manager are retried. Defaults to 3.
etcd-ca-file	VIP_ETCD_CA_FILE	no	/etc/etcd/ca.cert.pem	A certificate authority file that can be used to verify the certificate provided by etcd endpoints. Make sure to change dcs-endpoints to reflect that https is used.
etcd-cert-file	VIP_ETCD_CERT_FILE	no	/etc/etcd/client.cert.pem	A client certificate that is used to authenticate against etcd endpoints. Requires etcd-ca-file to be set as well.
etcd-key-file	VIP_ETCD_KEY_FILE	no	/etc/etcd/client.key.pem	A private key for the client certificate, used to decrypt messages sent by etcd endpoints. Required when etcd-cert-file is specified.
verbose	VIP_VERBOSE	no	true	Enable more verbose logging. Currently only the manager-type=hetzner provides additional logs.

Migrating configuration from releases before v1.0

As stated above, the configuration method has been changed from v1.0 onwards. The breaking changes with regards to config handling are thus:

• Config flags are no longer prefixed with a single dash -, but in POSIX style with double dashes --.
• Some config keys have received new names, but the value handling has not changed.

However, some consideration has been made to ease migration:

• The old key names in VIP_* environment variables and in YAML config files are mapped to the new keys, a deprecation warning will be emitted for each old key that is used.
• If both old and new key names are used and have different values, vip-manager will exit; If both values are identical, the duplication will be ignored.

This means that migration should be pretty straight forward.

Migration for Service Files using Environment Variables

These Service Files have been published in releases <v0.4 and on Debian/Ubuntu in release v0.6 as well. In the "ENV style" Service Files, configuration was loaded in through an environment file and the values of the environment variables where shimmed in place of the flag values:

ExecStart=/usr/bin/vip-manager -ip="${VIP_IP}" -mask="${VIP_MASK}" -iface="${VIP_IFACE}" -key="${VIP_KEY}" -host="${VIP_HOST}" -type="${VIP_TYPE}" -endpoint="${VIP_ENDPOINT}"

As a result, these Service Files should be replaced by ones that specify no flags at all:

ExecStart=/usr/bin/vip-manager

Since the environment variables are still there, the vip-manager (>=v1.0) will pick them up itself. It will pick up the old keys and use only emit log messages indicating the deprecation of those keys.

You could even consider another shim, that will take the environment variables using old keys, get their values and assign them to environment variables using the new keys. Then unset the old keys and you will no longer see deprecation messages.

Migration for Service Files using YAML config files:

These Service FIles have been published in release v0.6 In these "config file style" Service Files, the yaml configuration file was passed as a flag to the vip-manager.

ExecStart=/usr/bin/vip-manager -config=/etc/default/vip-manager.yml

Because the old keys in the YAML config files will be remapped to new keys, all that needs to be done is to add a single dash (sed -i 's/-config/--config/'):

ExecStart=/usr/bin/vip-manager --config=/etc/default/vip-manager.yml

Configuration - Hetzner

To use vip-manager with Hetzner Robot API you need a Credential file, set hosting_type to hetzner and your Floating-IP must be added on all Servers. The Floating-IP (VIP) will not be added or removed on the current Master node interface, Hetzner will route it to the current one.

Set hosting_type to hetzner in /etc/default/vip-manager.yml

Credential File - Hetzner

Add the File /etc/hetzner with your Username and Password

user="myUsername"
pass="myPassword"

Debugging

Either:

• run vip-manager with --verbose flag or
• set verbose to true in /etc/default/vip-manager.yml
• set VIP_VERBOSE=true

(currently only supported for hetzner)

Author

Cybertec Schönig & Schönig GmbH, https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com