collection

package
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 Go to latest Published: Apr 15, 2024 License: MIT Imports: 8 Imported by: 12

Documentation

Overview

Package "collection" defines a set of simple, pragmatic abstract types and interfaces for Go based collections of values. It also provide an efficient and compact implementation of the following collection classes based on these abstractions:

  • Array (extended Go array)
  • Map (extended Go map)
  • List (a sortable list)
  • Catalog (a sortable map)
  • Set (an ordered set)
  • Stack (a LIFO)
  • Queue (a blocking FIFO)

For detailed documentation on this package refer to the wiki:

This package follows the Crater Dog Technologies™ (craterdog) Go Coding Conventions located here:

Additional implementations of the classes provided by this package can be developed and used seamlessly since the interface definitions only depend on other interfaces and primitive types; and the class implementations only depend on interfaces, not on each other.

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

This section is empty.

Types

type Accessible 

type Accessible[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	GetValue(index int) V
	GetValues(
		first int,
		last int,
	) Sequential[V]
}

Accessible[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences whose values can be accessed using indices. The indices of an accessible sequence are ORDINAL rather than ZERO based—which never really made sense except for pointer offsets. What is the "zeroth value" anyway? It's the "first value", right? So we start fresh...

This approach allows for positive indices starting at the beginning of the sequence, and negative indices starting at the end of the sequence as follows: 

    1           2           3             N
[value 1] . [value 2] . [value 3] ... [value N]
   -N        -(N-1)      -(N-2)          -1

Notice that because the indices are ordinal based, the positive and negative indices are symmetrical.

type ArrayClassLike 

type ArrayClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	MakeFromArray(values []V) ArrayLike[V]
	MakeFromSequence(values Sequential[V]) ArrayLike[V]
	MakeFromSize(size int) ArrayLike[V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) ArrayLike[V]
}

ArrayClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all array-class-like classes.

func Array 

func Array[V Value]() ArrayClassLike[V]

type ArrayLike 

type ArrayLike[V Value] interface {
	// Abstractions
	Accessible[V]
	Sequential[V]
	Sortable[V]
	Updatable[V]
}

ArrayLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all array-like instances. An array-like class maintains a fixed length indexed sequence of values. Each value is associated with an implicit positive integer index. An array-like class uses ORDINAL based indexing rather than the more common—and nonsensical—ZERO based indexing scheme (see the description of what this means in the Accessible interface definition).

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

This type essentially provides a higher level abstraction for the primitive Go array type.

type AssociationClassLike 

type AssociationClassLike[K Key, V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	MakeWithAttributes(
		key K,
		value V,
	) AssociationLike[K, V]
}

AssociationClassLike[K Key, V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all association-class-like classes.

func Association 

func Association[
	K Key,
	V Value,
]() AssociationClassLike[K, V]

type AssociationLike 

type AssociationLike[K Key, V Value] interface {
	// Attributes
	GetKey() K
	GetValue() V
	SetValue(value V)
}

AssociationLike[K Key, V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all association-like instances. An association-like class maintains information about a key-value association.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • K is a primitive type of key.
  • V is any type of value.

This type is used by catalog-like instances to maintain their associations.

type Associative 

type Associative[K Key, V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	GetKeys() Sequential[K]
	GetValue(key K) V
	GetValues(keys Sequential[K]) Sequential[V]
	RemoveAll()
	RemoveValue(key K) V
	RemoveValues(keys Sequential[K]) Sequential[V]
	SetValue(
		key K,
		value V,
	)
}

Associative[K Key, V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences of key-value associations.

type Canonical 

type Canonical interface {
	// Methods
	FormatCollection(collection Collection) string
	ParseSource(source string) Collection
}

Canonical defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all canonical notations.

type CatalogClassLike 

type CatalogClassLike[K comparable, V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	Make() CatalogLike[K, V]
	MakeFromArray(associations []AssociationLike[K, V]) CatalogLike[K, V]
	MakeFromMap(associations map[K]V) CatalogLike[K, V]
	MakeFromSequence(associations Sequential[AssociationLike[K, V]]) CatalogLike[K, V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) CatalogLike[K, V]

	// Functions
	Extract(
		catalog CatalogLike[K, V],
		keys Sequential[K],
	) CatalogLike[K, V]
	Merge(
		first CatalogLike[K, V],
		second CatalogLike[K, V],
	) CatalogLike[K, V]
}

CatalogClassLike[K comparable, V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all catalog-class-like classes. The following functions are supported:

Extract() returns a new catalog containing only the associations that are in the specified catalog that have the specified keys. The associations in the resulting catalog will be in the same order as the specified keys.

Merge() returns a new catalog containing all of the associations that are in the specified Catalogs in the order that they appear in each catalog. If a key is present in both Catalogs, the value of the key from the second catalog takes precedence.

func Catalog 

func Catalog[K comparable, V Value]() CatalogClassLike[K, V]

type CatalogLike 

type CatalogLike[K Key, V Value] interface {
	// Abstractions
	Associative[K, V]
	Sequential[AssociationLike[K, V]]
	Sortable[AssociationLike[K, V]]
}

CatalogLike[K Key, V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all catalog-like instances. A catalog-like class maintains a sequence of key-value associations.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • K is a primitive type of key.
  • V is any type of entity.

A catalog-like class can use any association-like class key-value association.

type CollatorClassLike 

type CollatorClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constants
	DefaultMaximum() int

	// Constructors
	Make() CollatorLike[V]
	MakeWithMaximum(maximum int) CollatorLike[V]
}

CollatorClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all collator-class-like classes.

func Collator 

func Collator[V Value]() CollatorClassLike[V]

type CollatorLike 

type CollatorLike[V Value] interface {
	// Attributes
	GetDepth() int
	GetMaximum() int

	// Methods
	CompareValues(
		first V,
		second V,
	) bool
	RankValues(
		first V,
		second V,
	) int
}

CollatorLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all collator-like instances. A collator-like class is capable of comparing and ranking two values of any type.

type Collection 

type Collection any

Collection is a generic type representing any type of collections of values.

type Expandable 

type Expandable[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	AppendValue(value V)
	AppendValues(values Sequential[V])
	InsertValue(
		slot int,
		value V,
	)
	InsertValues(
		slot int,
		values Sequential[V],
	)
	RemoveAll()
	RemoveValue(index int) V
	RemoveValues(
		first int,
		last int,
	) Sequential[V]
}

Expandable[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences that allow new values to be appended, inserted and removed.

type Flexible 

type Flexible[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	AddValue(value V)
	AddValues(values Sequential[V])
	RemoveAll()
	RemoveValue(value V)
	RemoveValues(values Sequential[V])
}

Flexible[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences of values that allow new values to be added and existing values to be removed.

type FormatterClassLike 

type FormatterClassLike interface {
	// Constants
	DefaultMaximum() int

	// Constructors
	Make() FormatterLike
	MakeWithMaximum(maximum int) FormatterLike
}

FormatterClassLike defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all formatter-class-like classes.

func Formatter 

func Formatter() FormatterClassLike

Formatter defines an implementation of a formatter-like class that uses Crater Dog Collection Notation™ (CDCN) for formatting collections. This is required by the Go `Stringer` interface when the `String()` method is called on a collection. If not for the requirement to support the Go `Stringer` interface this class would be located in the `cdcn` package with the rest of the CDCN classes. Instead, the `cdcn.FormatterClass` must delegate its implementation to this class to avoid circular dependencies.

type FormatterLike 

type FormatterLike interface {
	// Attributes
	GetDepth() int
	GetMaximum() int

	// Methods
	FormatCollection(collection Collection) string
}

FormatterLike defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all formatter-like instances.

type IteratorClassLike 

type IteratorClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	MakeFromSequence(values Sequential[V]) IteratorLike[V]
}

IteratorClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all iterator-class-like classes.

func Iterator 

func Iterator[V Value]() IteratorClassLike[V]

type IteratorLike 

type IteratorLike[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	GetNext() V
	GetPrevious() V
	GetSlot() int
	HasNext() bool
	HasPrevious() bool
	ToEnd()
	ToSlot(slot int)
	ToStart()
}

IteratorLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all iterator-like instances. An iterator-like class can be used to move forward and backward over the values in a sequence. It implements the Gang of Four (GoF) Iterator Design Pattern:

A iterator agent locks into the slots that reside between each value in the sequence: 

    [value 1] . [value 2] . [value 3] ... [value N]
  ^           ^           ^                         ^
slot 0      slot 1      slot 2                    slot N

It moves from slot to slot and has access to the values (if they exist) on each side of the slot. At each slot an iterator has access to the previous value and next value in the sequence (assuming they exist). The slot at the start of the sequence has no PREVIOUS value, and the slot at the end of the sequence has no NEXT value.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

An iterator-like class is supported by all collection types.

type Key 

type Key any

Key is a generic type representing any type of associative key.

type Limited 

type Limited[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	AddValue(value V)
	RemoveAll()
}

Limited[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences of values that allow new values to be added and limit the total number of values in the sequence.

type ListClassLike 

type ListClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	Make() ListLike[V]
	MakeFromArray(values []V) ListLike[V]
	MakeFromSequence(values Sequential[V]) ListLike[V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) ListLike[V]

	// Functions
	Concatenate(
		first ListLike[V],
		second ListLike[V],
	) ListLike[V]
}

ListClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all list-class-like classes. The following functions are supported:

Concatenate() combines two lists into a new list containing all values in both lists. The order of the values in each list is preserved in the new list.

func List 

func List[V Value]() ListClassLike[V]

type ListLike 

type ListLike[V Value] interface {
	// Abstractions
	Accessible[V]
	Expandable[V]
	Searchable[V]
	Sequential[V]
	Sortable[V]
	Updatable[V]
}

ListLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all list-like instances. A list-like class maintains a dynamic sequence of values which can grow or shrink as needed. Each value is associated with an implicit positive integer index. An array-like class uses ORDINAL based indexing rather than the more common—and nonsensical—ZERO based indexing scheme (see the description of what this means in the Accessible interface definition).

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

All comparison and ranking of values in the sequence is done using the default collator.

type MapClassLike 

type MapClassLike[K comparable, V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	Make() MapLike[K, V]
	MakeFromArray(associations []AssociationLike[K, V]) MapLike[K, V]
	MakeFromMap(associations map[K]V) MapLike[K, V]
	MakeFromSequence(associations Sequential[AssociationLike[K, V]]) MapLike[K, V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) MapLike[K, V]
}

MapClassLike[K comparable, V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all map-class-like classes.

func Map 

func Map[K comparable, V Value]() MapClassLike[K, V]

type MapLike 

type MapLike[K Key, V Value] interface {
	// Abstractions
	Associative[K, V]
	Sequential[AssociationLike[K, V]]
}

MapLike[K Key, V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all map-like instances. A map-like class extends the primitive Go map type and maintains a sequence of key-value associations. The order of the key-value associations in a primitive Go map is random, even for two Go maps containing the same key-value associations.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • K is a primitive type of key.
  • V is any type of entity.

A map-like class can use any association-like class key-value association.

type NotationClassLike 

type NotationClassLike interface {
	// Constructors
	Make() NotationLike
}

NotationClassLike defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all notation-class-like classes.

type NotationLike 

type NotationLike interface {
	// Abstractions
	Canonical
}

NotationLike defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all notation-like instances. A notation-like class can be used to parse and format collections using a canonical notation like XML, JSON and CDCN (Crater Dog Collection Notation™).

type ParserClassLike 

type ParserClassLike interface {
	// Constructors
	Make() ParserLike
}

ParserClassLike defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all parser-class-like classes.

type ParserLike 

type ParserLike interface {
	// Methods
	ParseSource(source string) Collection
}

ParserLike defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all parser-like instances.

type QueueClassLike 

type QueueClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constants
	DefaultCapacity() int

	// Constructors
	Make() QueueLike[V]
	MakeFromArray(values []V) QueueLike[V]
	MakeFromSequence(values Sequential[V]) QueueLike[V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) QueueLike[V]
	MakeWithCapacity(capacity int) QueueLike[V]

	// Functions
	Fork(
		group Synchronized,
		input QueueLike[V],
		size int,
	) Sequential[QueueLike[V]]
	Join(
		group Synchronized,
		inputs Sequential[QueueLike[V]],
	) QueueLike[V]
	Split(
		group Synchronized,
		input QueueLike[V],
		size int,
	) Sequential[QueueLike[V]]
}

QueueClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all queue-class-like classes. The following functions are supported:

Fork() connects the output of the specified input Queue with a number of new output queues specified by the size parameter and returns a sequence of the new output queues. Each value added to the input queue will be added automatically to ALL of the output queues. This pattern is useful when a set of DIFFERENT operations needs to occur for every value and each operation can be done in parallel.

Join() connects the outputs of the specified sequence of input queues with a new output queue returns the new output queue. Each value removed from each input queue will automatically be added to the output queue. This pattern is useful when the results of the processing with a Split() function need to be consolidated into a single queue.

Split() connects the output of the specified input Queue with the number of output queues specified by the size parameter and returns a sequence of the new output queues. Each value added to the input queue will be added automatically to ONE of the output queues. This pattern is useful when a SINGLE operation needs to occur for each value and the operation can be done on the values in parallel. The results can then be consolidated later on using the Join() function.

func Queue 

func Queue[V Value]() QueueClassLike[V]

type QueueLike 

type QueueLike[V Value] interface {
	// Attributes
	GetCapacity() int

	// Abstractions
	Limited[V]
	Sequential[V]

	// Methods
	CloseQueue()
	RemoveHead() (
		head V,
		ok bool,
	)
}

QueueLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all queue-like instances. A queue-like class implements FIFO (i.e. first-in-first-out) semantics.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

A queue-like class is generally used by multiple go-routines at the same time and therefore enforces synchronized access. A queue-like class enforces a maximum length and will block on attempts to add a value it is full. It will also block on attempts to remove a value when it is empty.

type RankingFunction 

type RankingFunction[V Value] func(
	first V,
	second V,
) int

RankingFunction[V Value] defines the signature for any function that can determine the relative ordering of two values. The result must be one of the following: 

-1: The first value is less than the second value.
 0: The first value is equal to the second value.
 1: The first value is more than the second value.

The meaning of "less" and "more" is determined by the specific function that implements this signature.

type Searchable 

type Searchable[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	ContainsAll(values Sequential[V]) bool
	ContainsAny(values Sequential[V]) bool
	ContainsValue(value V) bool
	GetIndex(value V) int
}

Searchable[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all searchable sequences of values.

type Sequential 

type Sequential[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	AsArray() []V
	GetIterator() IteratorLike[V]
	GetSize() int
	IsEmpty() bool
}

Sequential[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences of values.

type SetClassLike 

type SetClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constructors
	Make() SetLike[V]
	MakeFromArray(values []V) SetLike[V]
	MakeFromSequence(values Sequential[V]) SetLike[V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) SetLike[V]
	MakeWithCollator(collator CollatorLike[V]) SetLike[V]

	// Functions
	And(
		first SetLike[V],
		second SetLike[V],
	) SetLike[V]
	Or(
		first SetLike[V],
		second SetLike[V],
	) SetLike[V]
	Sans(
		first SetLike[V],
		second SetLike[V],
	) SetLike[V]
	Xor(
		first SetLike[V],
		second SetLike[V],
	) SetLike[V]
}

SetClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all set-class-like classes. The following functions are supported:

And() returns a new set containing the values that are both of the specified sets.

Or() returns a new set containing the values that are in either of the specified sets.

Sans() returns a new set containing the values that are in the first specified set but not in the second specified set.

Xor() returns a new set containing the values that are in the first specified set or the second specified set but not both.

func Set 

func Set[V Value]() SetClassLike[V]

type SetLike 

type SetLike[V Value] interface {
	// Attributes
	GetCollator() CollatorLike[V]

	// Abstractions
	Accessible[V]
	Flexible[V]
	Searchable[V]
	Sequential[V]
}

SetLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all set-like instances. A set-like class maintains an ordered sequence of values which can grow or shrink as needed.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

The order of the values is determined by a configurable CollatorLike[V] agent.

type Sortable 

type Sortable[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	ReverseValues()
	ShuffleValues()
	SortValues()
	SortValuesWithRanker(ranker RankingFunction[V])
}

Sortable[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all sequences whose values may be reordered using various sorting algorithms.

type SorterClassLike 

type SorterClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constants
	DefaultRanker() RankingFunction[V]

	// Constructors
	Make() SorterLike[V]
	MakeWithRanker(ranker RankingFunction[V]) SorterLike[V]
}

SorterClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all sorter-class-like classes.

func Sorter 

func Sorter[V Value]() SorterClassLike[V]

type SorterLike 

type SorterLike[V Value] interface {
	// Attributes
	GetRanker() RankingFunction[V]

	// Abstractions
	Systematic[V]
}

SorterLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all sorter-like instances. A sorter-like class implements a specific sorting algorithm.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

A sorter-like class uses a ranking function to order the values. If no ranking function is specified the values are sorted into their natural order.

type StackClassLike 

type StackClassLike[V Value] interface {
	// Constants
	DefaultCapacity() int

	// Constructors
	Make() StackLike[V]
	MakeFromArray(values []V) StackLike[V]
	MakeFromSequence(values Sequential[V]) StackLike[V]
	MakeFromSource(
		source string,
		notation NotationLike,
	) StackLike[V]
	MakeWithCapacity(capacity int) StackLike[V]
}

StackClassLike[V Value] defines the set of class constants, constructors and functions that must be supported by all stack-class-like classes.

func Stack 

func Stack[V Value]() StackClassLike[V]

type StackLike 

type StackLike[V Value] interface {
	// Attributes
	GetCapacity() int

	// Abstractions
	Limited[V]
	Sequential[V]

	// Methods
	RemoveTop() V
}

StackLike[V Value] defines the set of abstractions and methods that must be supported by all stack-like instances. A stack-like class implements LIFO (i.e. last-in-first-out) semantics.

This type is parameterized as follows:

  • V is any type of value.

A stack-like class enforces a maximum depth and will panic if that depth is exceeded. It will also panic on attempts to remove a value when it is empty.

type Synchronized 

type Synchronized interface {
	// Methods
	Add(delta int)
	Done()
	Wait()
}

Synchronized defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all synchronized groups of threads.

type Systematic 

type Systematic[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	ReverseValues(values []V)
	ShuffleValues(values []V)
	SortValues(values []V)
}

Systematic[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all systematic sorting agents.

type Updatable 

type Updatable[V Value] interface {
	// Methods
	SetValue(
		index int,
		value V,
	)
	SetValues(
		index int,
		values Sequential[V],
	)
}

Updatable[V Value] defines the set of method signatures that must be supported by all updatable sequences of values.

type Value 

type Value any

Value is a generic type representing any type of value.

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