groupcache

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 Go to latest Published: May 23, 2024 License: Apache-2.0 Imports: 22 Imported by: 0

README

groupcache

Summary

groupcache is a distributed caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for a pool of memcached nodes in many cases.

For API docs and examples, see http://godoc.org/github.com/golang/groupcache

Comparison to memcached

Like memcached, groupcache:
  • shards by key to select which peer is responsible for that key
Unlike memcached, groupcache:

  • does not require running a separate set of servers, thus massively reducing deployment/configuration pain. groupcache is a client library as well as a server. It connects to its own peers, forming a distributed cache.

  • comes with a cache filling mechanism. Whereas memcached just says "Sorry, cache miss", often resulting in a thundering herd of database (or whatever) loads from an unbounded number of clients (which has resulted in several fun outages), groupcache coordinates cache fills such that only one load in one process of an entire replicated set of processes populates the cache, then multiplexes the loaded value to all callers.

  • does not support versioned values. If key "foo" is value "bar", key "foo" must always be "bar". There are neither cache expiration times, nor explicit cache evictions. Thus there is also no CAS, nor Increment/Decrement. This also means that groupcache....

  • ... supports automatic mirroring of super-hot items to multiple processes. This prevents memcached hot spotting where a machine's CPU and/or NIC are overloaded by very popular keys/values.

  • is currently only available for Go. It's very unlikely that I (bradfitz@) will port the code to any other language.

Loading process

In a nutshell, a groupcache lookup of Get("foo") looks like:

(On machine #5 of a set of N machines running the same code)

  1. Is the value of "foo" in local memory because it's super hot? If so, use it.

  2. Is the value of "foo" in local memory because peer #5 (the current peer) is the owner of it? If so, use it.

  3. Amongst all the peers in my set of N, am I the owner of the key "foo"? (e.g. does it consistent hash to 5?) If so, load it. If other callers come in, via the same process or via RPC requests from peers, they block waiting for the load to finish and get the same answer. If not, RPC to the peer that's the owner and get the answer. If the RPC fails, just load it locally (still with local dup suppression).

Users

groupcache is in production use by dl.google.com (its original user), parts of Blogger, parts of Google Code, parts of Google Fiber, parts of Google production monitoring systems, etc.

Presentations

See http://talks.golang.org/2013/oscon-dl.slide

Help

Use the golang-nuts mailing list for any discussion or questions.

Documentation

Overview

Package groupcache provides a data loading mechanism with caching and de-duplication that works across a set of peer processes.

Each data Get first consults its local cache, otherwise delegates to the requested key's canonical owner, which then checks its cache or finally gets the data. In the common case, many concurrent cache misses across a set of peers for the same key result in just one cache fill.

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func MakeGrpcPeer 

func MakeGrpcPeer(host string, port uint, connections int) *grpcPeer

func RegisterNewGroupHook 

func RegisterNewGroupHook(fn func(*Group))

RegisterNewGroupHook registers a hook that is run each time a group is created.

func RegisterPeerPicker 

func RegisterPeerPicker(fn func() PeerPicker)

RegisterPeerPicker registers the peer initialization function. It is called once, when the first group is created. Either RegisterPeerPicker or RegisterPerGroupPeerPicker should be called exactly once, but not both.

func RegisterPerGroupPeerPicker 

func RegisterPerGroupPeerPicker(fn func(groupName string) PeerPicker)

RegisterPerGroupPeerPicker registers the peer initialization function, which takes the groupName, to be used in choosing a PeerPicker. It is called once, when the first group is created. Either RegisterPeerPicker or RegisterPerGroupPeerPicker should be called exactly once, but not both.

func RegisterServerStart 

func RegisterServerStart(fn func())

RegisterServerStart registers a hook that is run when the first group is created.

func SetEvictCallback 

func SetEvictCallback(fn EvictCallbackFunction)

func UnRegisterPeerPicker 

func UnRegisterPeerPicker()

UnRegisterPeerPicker allows unit tests to call RegisterPeerPicker() multiple times.

func UnregisterGroup 

func UnregisterGroup(name string)

Unregister unregister a group. Intended for unit tests.

Types

type AtomicInt 

type AtomicInt int64

An AtomicInt is an int64 to be accessed atomically.

func (*AtomicInt) Add 

func (i *AtomicInt) Add(n int64)

Add atomically adds n to i.

func (*AtomicInt) Get 

func (i *AtomicInt) Get() int64

Get atomically gets the value of i.

func (*AtomicInt) String 

func (i *AtomicInt) String() string

type ByteView 

type ByteView struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A ByteView holds an immutable view of bytes. Internally it wraps either a []byte or a string, but that detail is invisible to callers.

A ByteView is meant to be used as a value type, not a pointer (like a time.Time).

func MakeByteViewByteArray 

func MakeByteViewByteArray(b []byte) ByteView

func MakeByteViewString 

func MakeByteViewString(s string) ByteView

func (ByteView) At 

func (v ByteView) At(i int) byte

At returns the byte at index i.

func (ByteView) ByteSlice 

func (v ByteView) ByteSlice() []byte

ByteSlice returns a copy of the data as a byte slice.

func (ByteView) Copy 

func (v ByteView) Copy(dest []byte) int

Copy copies b into dest and returns the number of bytes copied.

func (ByteView) Empty 

func (v ByteView) Empty() bool

Empty returns true if the wrapped byte array and string are empty.

func (ByteView) Equal 

func (v ByteView) Equal(b2 ByteView) bool

Equal returns whether the bytes in b are the same as the bytes in b2.

func (ByteView) EqualBytes 

func (v ByteView) EqualBytes(b2 []byte) bool

EqualBytes returns whether the bytes in b are the same as the bytes in b2.

func (ByteView) EqualString 

func (v ByteView) EqualString(s string) bool

EqualString returns whether the bytes in b are the same as the bytes in s.

func (ByteView) Len 

func (v ByteView) Len() int

Len returns the view's length.

func (ByteView) ReadAt 

func (v ByteView) ReadAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error)

ReadAt implements io.ReaderAt on the bytes in v.

func (ByteView) Reader 

func (v ByteView) Reader() io.ReadSeeker

Reader returns an io.ReadSeeker for the bytes in v.

func (ByteView) Slice 

func (v ByteView) Slice(from, to int) ByteView

Slice slices the view between the provided from and to indices.

func (ByteView) SliceFrom 

func (v ByteView) SliceFrom(from int) ByteView

SliceFrom slices the view from the provided index until the end.

func (ByteView) String 

func (v ByteView) String() string

String returns the data as a string, making a copy if necessary.

func (ByteView) WriteTo 

func (v ByteView) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error)

WriteTo implements io.WriterTo on the bytes in v.

type CacheStats 

type CacheStats struct {
	Bytes     int64
	Items     int64
	Gets      int64
	Hits      int64
	Evictions int64
}

CacheStats are returned by stats accessors on Group.

type CacheType 

type CacheType int

CacheType represents a type of cache. 

const (
	// The MainCache is the cache for items that this peer is the
	// owner for.
	MainCache CacheType = iota + 1

	// The HotCache is the cache for items that seem popular
	// enough to replicate to this node, even though it's not the
	// owner.
	HotCache
)

type Context 

type Context = context.Context

Context is an alias to context.Context for backwards compatibility purposes.

type DeleteFunc 

type DeleteFunc func(ctx context.Context, key string) error

A DeleteFunc implements Delete with a function.

func (DeleteFunc) Delete 

func (f DeleteFunc) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error

type Deleter 

type Deleter interface {
	// Delete stores the value identified by key.
	//
	// The stored data must be unversioned. That is, key must
	// uniquely describe the loaded data, without an implicit
	// current time, and without relying on cache expiration
	// mechanisms.
	Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error
}

A Deleter stores data for a key. This is optional and useful when getter functions are "expensive" in latency or other resources.

type EvictCallbackFunction 

type EvictCallbackFunction func(string, ByteView)

Callback function to call on evictions. 

var EvictCallback EvictCallbackFunction = nil

type Getter 

type Getter interface {
	// Get returns the value identified by key, populating dest.
	//
	// The returned data must be unversioned. That is, key must
	// uniquely describe the loaded data, without an implicit
	// current time, and without relying on cache expiration
	// mechanisms.
	Get(ctx context.Context, key string, dest Sink) error
}

A Getter loads data for a key.

type GetterFunc 

type GetterFunc func(ctx context.Context, key string, dest Sink) error

A GetterFunc implements Getter with a function.

func (GetterFunc) Get 

func (f GetterFunc) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, dest Sink) error

type Group 

type Group struct {

	// Stats are statistics on the group.
	Stats Stats
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Group is a cache namespace and associated data loaded spread over a group of 1 or more machines.

func GetGroup 

func GetGroup(name string) *Group

GetGroup returns the named group previously created with NewGroup, or nil if there's no such group.

func NewGroup 

func NewGroup(name string, cacheBytes int64, getter Getter) *Group

NewGroup creates a coordinated group-aware Getter from a Getter.

The returned Getter tries (but does not guarantee) to run only one Get call at once for a given key across an entire set of peer processes. Concurrent callers both in the local process and in other processes receive copies of the answer once the original Get completes.

The group name must be unique for each getter.

func (*Group) CacheStats 

func (g *Group) CacheStats(which CacheType) CacheStats

CacheStats returns stats about the provided cache within the group.

func (*Group) Delete 

func (g *Group) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error

func (*Group) DeleteLocally 

func (g *Group) DeleteLocally(ctx context.Context, key string) error

func (*Group) Get 

func (g *Group) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, dest Sink) error

func (*Group) Name 

func (g *Group) Name() string

Name returns the name of the group.

func (*Group) RegisterDeleter 

func (g *Group) RegisterDeleter(fn DeleteFunc)

func (*Group) RegisterSetter 

func (g *Group) RegisterSetter(fn SetterFunc)

func (*Group) Set 

func (g *Group) Set(ctx context.Context, key string, value ByteView) error

func (*Group) SetLocally 

func (g *Group) SetLocally(ctx context.Context, key string, value ByteView) error

type GrpcPool 

type GrpcPool struct {

	// Replicas specifies the number of key replicas on the consistent hash.
	// If blank, it defaults to 50.
	Replicas int

	// HashFn specifies the hash function of the consistent hash.
	// If blank, it defaults to crc32.ChecksumIEEE.
	HashFn consistenthash.Hash
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

GrpcPool implements PeerPicker for a pool of gRPC peers.

func NewGrpcPool 

func NewGrpcPool(self string, port uint) *GrpcPool

NewGrpcPool initializes a gRPC pool of peers, and registers itself as a PeerPicker. The self argument should be a valid host:port pair that points to the current server, for example "hostname1:1234".

func NewLocalGrpcPool 

func NewLocalGrpcPool(port uint) *GrpcPool

NewLocalGrpcPool initializes a gRPC pool for local use only. There are no remote peers.

func NewRemoteGrpcPool 

func NewRemoteGrpcPool() *GrpcPool

NewRemoteGrpcPool initializes a gRPC pool for a remote set of peers. There is no local server: calls are always forwarded to remote servers.

func (*GrpcPool) Delete 

func (s *GrpcPool) Delete(ctx context.Context, in *pb.DeleteRequest) (out *emptypb.Empty, err error)

func (*GrpcPool) Get 

func (s *GrpcPool) Get(ctx context.Context, in *pb.GetRequest) (out *pb.GetResponse, err error)

func (*GrpcPool) PickPeer 

func (p *GrpcPool) PickPeer(key string) (Peer, bool)

func (*GrpcPool) Set 

func (s *GrpcPool) Set(ctx context.Context, in *pb.SetRequest) (out *emptypb.Empty, err error)

func (*GrpcPool) SetParallelConnections 

func (p *GrpcPool) SetParallelConnections(n int)

func (*GrpcPool) SetPeers 

func (p *GrpcPool) SetPeers(peers ...string)

SetPeers updates the pool's list of peers. Valid examples: "1.2.3.4", "2.2.2.2:2000", "host1:3000".

func (*GrpcPool) StartGrpcServer 

func (p *GrpcPool) StartGrpcServer() error

StartGrpcServer starts the gRPC server.

type HTTPPool 

type HTTPPool struct {
	// Context optionally specifies a context for the server to use when it
	// receives a request.
	// If nil, the server uses the request's context
	Context func(*http.Request) context.Context

	// Transport optionally specifies an http.RoundTripper for the client
	// to use when it makes a request.
	// If nil, the client uses http.DefaultTransport.
	Transport func(context.Context) http.RoundTripper
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

HTTPPool implements PeerPicker for a pool of HTTP peers.

func NewHTTPPool 

func NewHTTPPool(self string) *HTTPPool

NewHTTPPool initializes an HTTP pool of peers, and registers itself as a PeerPicker. For convenience, it also registers itself as an http.Handler with http.DefaultServeMux. The self argument should be a valid base URL that points to the current server, for example "http://example.net:8000".

func NewHTTPPoolOpts 

func NewHTTPPoolOpts(self string, o *HTTPPoolOptions) *HTTPPool

NewHTTPPoolOpts initializes an HTTP pool of peers with the given options. Unlike NewHTTPPool, this function does not register the created pool as an HTTP handler. The returned *HTTPPool implements http.Handler and must be registered using http.Handle.

func (*HTTPPool) PickPeer 

func (p *HTTPPool) PickPeer(key string) (Peer, bool)

func (*HTTPPool) ServeHTTP 

func (p *HTTPPool) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

func (*HTTPPool) Set 

func (p *HTTPPool) Set(peers ...string)

Set updates the pool's list of peers. Each peer value should be a valid base URL, for example "http://example.net:8000".

type HTTPPoolOptions 

type HTTPPoolOptions struct {
	// GetPath specifies the HTTP path that will serve groupcache get requests.
	// If blank, it defaults to "/_groupcache/".
	GetPath string

	// SetPath specifies the HTTP path that will serve groupcache set requests.
	// If blank, it defaults to "/_set_groupcache/".
	SetPath string

	// SetPath specifies the HTTP path that will serve groupcache delete
	// requests. If blank, it defaults to "/_delete_groupcache/".
	DeletePath string

	// Replicas specifies the number of key replicas on the consistent hash.
	// If blank, it defaults to 50.
	Replicas int

	// HashFn specifies the hash function of the consistent hash.
	// If blank, it defaults to crc32.ChecksumIEEE.
	HashFn consistenthash.Hash
}

HTTPPoolOptions are the configurations of a HTTPPool.

type NoPeers 

type NoPeers struct{}

NoPeers is an implementation of PeerPicker that never finds a peer.

func (NoPeers) PickPeer 

func (NoPeers) PickPeer(key string) (peer Peer, ok bool)

type Peer 

type Peer interface {
	Get(ctx context.Context, in *pb.GetRequest, out *pb.GetResponse) error
	Set(ctx context.Context, in *pb.SetRequest, out *emptypb.Empty) error
	Delete(ctx context.Context, in *pb.DeleteRequest, out *emptypb.Empty) error
}

Peer is the interface that must be implemented by a peer.

type PeerPicker 

type PeerPicker interface {
	// PickPeer returns the peer that owns the specific key
	// and true to indicate that a remote peer was nominated.
	// It returns nil, false if the key owner is the current peer.
	PickPeer(key string) (peer Peer, ok bool)
}

PeerPicker is the interface that must be implemented to locate the peer that owns a specific key.

type Setter 

type Setter interface {
	// Set stores the value identified by key.
	//
	// The stored data must be unversioned. That is, key must
	// uniquely describe the loaded data, without an implicit
	// current time, and without relying on cache expiration
	// mechanisms.
	Set(ctx context.Context, key string, value ByteView) error
}

A Setter stores data for a key. This is optional and useful when getter functions are "expensive" in latency or other resources.

type SetterFunc 

type SetterFunc func(ctx context.Context, key string, value ByteView) error

A SetterFunc implements Setter with a function.

func (SetterFunc) Set 

func (f SetterFunc) Set(ctx context.Context, key string, value ByteView) error

type Sink 

type Sink interface {
	// SetString sets the value to s.
	SetString(s string) error

	// SetBytes sets the value to the contents of v.
	// The caller retains ownership of v.
	SetBytes(v []byte) error

	// SetProto sets the value to the encoded version of m.
	// The caller retains ownership of m.
	SetProto(m proto.Message) error
	// contains filtered or unexported methods
}

A Sink receives data from a Get call.

Implementation of Getter must call exactly one of the Set methods on success.

func AllocatingByteSliceSink 

func AllocatingByteSliceSink(dst *[]byte) Sink

AllocatingByteSliceSink returns a Sink that allocates a byte slice to hold the received value and assigns it to *dst. The memory is not retained by groupcache.

func ByteViewSink 

func ByteViewSink(dst *ByteView) Sink

ByteViewSink returns a Sink that populates a ByteView.

func ProtoSink 

func ProtoSink(m proto.Message) Sink

ProtoSink returns a sink that unmarshals binary proto values into m.

func StringSink 

func StringSink(sp *string) Sink

StringSink returns a Sink that populates the provided string pointer.

func TruncatingByteSliceSink 

func TruncatingByteSliceSink(dst *[]byte) Sink

TruncatingByteSliceSink returns a Sink that writes up to len(*dst) bytes to *dst. If more bytes are available, they're silently truncated. If fewer bytes are available than len(*dst), *dst is shrunk to fit the number of bytes available.

type Stats 

type Stats struct {
	Gets            AtomicInt // any Get request, including from peers
	Sets            AtomicInt // any Set (store) request, including from peers
	Deletes         AtomicInt // any Delete request, including from peers
	CacheHits       AtomicInt // either cache was good
	PeerLoads       AtomicInt // either remote load or remote cache hit (not an error)
	PeerStores      AtomicInt // remote store (not an error)
	PeerDeletes     AtomicInt // remote deletes (not an error)
	PeerErrors      AtomicInt
	Loads           AtomicInt // (gets - cacheHits)
	LoadsDeduped    AtomicInt // after singleflight
	LocalLoads      AtomicInt // total good local loads
	LocalLoadErrs   AtomicInt // total bad local loads
	LocalSets       AtomicInt // local local set operations
	LocalSetErrs    AtomicInt // total local set errors
	LocalDeletes    AtomicInt // local local set operations
	LocalDeleteErrs AtomicInt // total local set errors
	ServerRequests  AtomicInt // gets that came over the network from peers
}

Stats are per-group statistics.

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package consistenthash provides an implementation of a ring hash.
 Package consistenthash provides an implementation of a ring hash.
Package lru implements an LRU cache.
 Package lru implements an LRU cache.
Package singleflight provides a duplicate function call suppression mechanism.
 Package singleflight provides a duplicate function call suppression mechanism.

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