kubescape

README

Kubescape is the first tool for testing if Kubernetes is deployed securely as defined in Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by NSA and CISA

Use Kubescape to test clusters or scan single YAML files and integrate it to your processes.

TL;DR

Install:

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/armosec/kubescape/master/install.sh | /bin/bash

Install on windows

Install on macOS

Run:

kubescape scan framework nsa --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public

If you wish to scan all namespaces in your cluster, remove the --exclude-namespaces flag.

Click 👍 if you want us to continue to develop and improve Kubescape 😀

Being part of the team

We invite you to our team! We are excited about this project and want to return the love we get.

Want to contribute? Want to discuss something? Have an issue?

• Open a issue, we are trying to respond within 48 hours
• Join us in a discussion on our discord server!

Options and examples

Install on Windows

Requires powershell v5.0+

iwr -useb https://raw.githubusercontent.com/armosec/kubescape/master/install.ps1 | iex

Note: if you get an error you might need to change the execution policy (i.e. enable Powershell) with

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUser

Install on macOS

brew tap armosec/kubescape
brew install kubescape

Flags

flag	default	description	options
-e/--exclude-namespaces	Scan all namespaces	Namespaces to exclude from scanning. Recommended to exclude kube-system and kube-public namespaces
-s/--silent	Display progress messages	Silent progress messages
-t/--fail-threshold	0 (do not fail)	fail command (return exit code 1) if result bellow threshold	0 -> 100
-f/--format	pretty-printer	Output format	pretty-printer/json/junit
-o/--output	print to stdout	Save scan result in file
--use-from		Load local framework object from specified path. If not used will download latest
--use-default	false	Load local framework object from default path. If not used will download latest	true/false
--exceptions		Path to an exceptions obj. If not set will download exceptions from Armo management portal
--results-locally	false	Kubescape sends scan results to Armo management portal to allow users to control exceptions and maintain chronological scan results. Use this flag if you do not wish to use these features	true/false

Usage & Examples

Examples

• Scan a running Kubernetes cluster with nsa framework

kubescape scan framework nsa --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public

• Scan a running Kubernetes cluster with mitre framework

kubescape scan framework mitre --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public

• Scan local yaml/json files before deploying

kubescape scan framework nsa *.yaml

• Scan yaml/json files from url

kubescape scan framework nsa https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/microservices-demo/master/release/kubernetes-manifests.yaml

• Output in json format

kubescape scan framework nsa --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public --format json --output results.json

• Output in junit xml format

kubescape scan framework nsa --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public --format junit --output results.xml

• Scan with exceptions, objects with exceptions will be presented as warning and not fail

kubescape scan framework nsa --exceptions examples/exceptions.json

Helm Support

• Render the helm chart using helm template and pass to stdout

helm template [NAME] [CHART] [flags] --dry-run | kubescape scan framework nsa -

for example:

helm template bitnami/mysql --generate-name --dry-run | kubescape scan framework nsa -

Offline Support

It is possible to run Kubescape offline!

First download the framework and then scan with --use-from flag

• Download and save in file, if file name not specified, will store save to ~/.kubescape/<framework name>.json

kubescape download framework nsa --output nsa.json

• Scan using the downloaded framework

kubescape scan framework nsa --use-from nsa.json

Kubescape is an open source project, we welcome your feedback and ideas for improvement. We’re also aiming to collaborate with the Kubernetes community to help make the tests themselves more robust and complete as Kubernetes develops.

How to build

Build using python script

Kubescpae can be built using:

python build.py

Note: In order to built using the above script, one must set the environment variables in this script:

• RELEASE
• ArmoBEServer
• ArmoERServer
• ArmoWebsite

Build using go

Note: development (and the release process) is done with Go 1.17

1. Clone Project

git clone https://github.com/armosec/kubescape.git kubescape && cd "$_"

1. Build

go mod tidy && go build -o kubescape .

1. Run

./kubescape scan framework nsa --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public

1. Enjoy 🤪

How to build in Docker

1. Clone Project

git clone https://github.com/armosec/kubescape.git kubescape && cd "$_"

1. Build

docker build -t kubescape -f build/Dockerfile .

Under the hood

Tests

Kubescape is running the following tests according to what is defined by Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by NSA and CISA

• Non-root containers
• Immutable container filesystem
• Privileged containers
• hostPID, hostIPC privileges
• hostNetwork access
• allowedHostPaths field
• Protecting pod service account tokens
• Resource policies
• Control plane hardening
• Exposed dashboard
• Allow privilege escalation
• Applications credentials in configuration files
• Cluster-admin binding
• Exec into container
• Dangerous capabilities
• Insecure capabilities
• Linux hardening
• Ingress and Egress blocked
• Container hostPort
• Network policies
• Symlink Exchange Can Allow Host Filesystem Access (CVE-2021-25741)

Technology

Kubescape based on OPA engine: https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa and ARMO's posture controls.

The tools retrieves Kubernetes objects from the API server and runs a set of regos snippets developed by ARMO.

The results by default printed in a pretty "console friendly" manner, but they can be retrieved in JSON format for further processing.

Kubescape is an open source project, we welcome your feedback and ideas for improvement. We’re also aiming to collaborate with the Kubernetes community to help make the tests themselves more robust and complete as Kubernetes develops.