Documentation ¶
Overview ¶
Package iamiface provides an interface to enable mocking the AWS Identity and Access Management service client for testing your code.
It is important to note that this interface will have breaking changes when the service model is updated and adds new API operations, paginators, and waiters.
Index ¶
Constants ¶
This section is empty.
Variables ¶
This section is empty.
Functions ¶
This section is empty.
Types ¶
type IAMAPI ¶
type IAMAPI interface { AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProviderRequest(*iam.AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProviderInput) iam.AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProviderRequest AddRoleToInstanceProfileRequest(*iam.AddRoleToInstanceProfileInput) iam.AddRoleToInstanceProfileRequest AddUserToGroupRequest(*iam.AddUserToGroupInput) iam.AddUserToGroupRequest AttachGroupPolicyRequest(*iam.AttachGroupPolicyInput) iam.AttachGroupPolicyRequest AttachRolePolicyRequest(*iam.AttachRolePolicyInput) iam.AttachRolePolicyRequest AttachUserPolicyRequest(*iam.AttachUserPolicyInput) iam.AttachUserPolicyRequest ChangePasswordRequest(*iam.ChangePasswordInput) iam.ChangePasswordRequest CreateAccessKeyRequest(*iam.CreateAccessKeyInput) iam.CreateAccessKeyRequest CreateAccountAliasRequest(*iam.CreateAccountAliasInput) iam.CreateAccountAliasRequest CreateGroupRequest(*iam.CreateGroupInput) iam.CreateGroupRequest CreateInstanceProfileRequest(*iam.CreateInstanceProfileInput) iam.CreateInstanceProfileRequest CreateLoginProfileRequest(*iam.CreateLoginProfileInput) iam.CreateLoginProfileRequest CreateOpenIDConnectProviderRequest(*iam.CreateOpenIDConnectProviderInput) iam.CreateOpenIDConnectProviderRequest CreatePolicyRequest(*iam.CreatePolicyInput) iam.CreatePolicyRequest CreatePolicyVersionRequest(*iam.CreatePolicyVersionInput) iam.CreatePolicyVersionRequest CreateRoleRequest(*iam.CreateRoleInput) iam.CreateRoleRequest CreateSAMLProviderRequest(*iam.CreateSAMLProviderInput) iam.CreateSAMLProviderRequest CreateServiceLinkedRoleRequest(*iam.CreateServiceLinkedRoleInput) iam.CreateServiceLinkedRoleRequest CreateServiceSpecificCredentialRequest(*iam.CreateServiceSpecificCredentialInput) iam.CreateServiceSpecificCredentialRequest CreateUserRequest(*iam.CreateUserInput) iam.CreateUserRequest CreateVirtualMFADeviceRequest(*iam.CreateVirtualMFADeviceInput) iam.CreateVirtualMFADeviceRequest DeactivateMFADeviceRequest(*iam.DeactivateMFADeviceInput) iam.DeactivateMFADeviceRequest DeleteAccessKeyRequest(*iam.DeleteAccessKeyInput) iam.DeleteAccessKeyRequest DeleteAccountAliasRequest(*iam.DeleteAccountAliasInput) iam.DeleteAccountAliasRequest DeleteAccountPasswordPolicyRequest(*iam.DeleteAccountPasswordPolicyInput) iam.DeleteAccountPasswordPolicyRequest DeleteGroupRequest(*iam.DeleteGroupInput) iam.DeleteGroupRequest DeleteGroupPolicyRequest(*iam.DeleteGroupPolicyInput) iam.DeleteGroupPolicyRequest DeleteInstanceProfileRequest(*iam.DeleteInstanceProfileInput) iam.DeleteInstanceProfileRequest DeleteLoginProfileRequest(*iam.DeleteLoginProfileInput) iam.DeleteLoginProfileRequest DeleteOpenIDConnectProviderRequest(*iam.DeleteOpenIDConnectProviderInput) iam.DeleteOpenIDConnectProviderRequest DeletePolicyRequest(*iam.DeletePolicyInput) iam.DeletePolicyRequest DeletePolicyVersionRequest(*iam.DeletePolicyVersionInput) iam.DeletePolicyVersionRequest DeleteRoleRequest(*iam.DeleteRoleInput) iam.DeleteRoleRequest DeleteRolePolicyRequest(*iam.DeleteRolePolicyInput) iam.DeleteRolePolicyRequest DeleteSAMLProviderRequest(*iam.DeleteSAMLProviderInput) iam.DeleteSAMLProviderRequest DeleteSSHPublicKeyRequest(*iam.DeleteSSHPublicKeyInput) iam.DeleteSSHPublicKeyRequest DeleteServerCertificateRequest(*iam.DeleteServerCertificateInput) iam.DeleteServerCertificateRequest DeleteServiceLinkedRoleRequest(*iam.DeleteServiceLinkedRoleInput) iam.DeleteServiceLinkedRoleRequest DeleteServiceSpecificCredentialRequest(*iam.DeleteServiceSpecificCredentialInput) iam.DeleteServiceSpecificCredentialRequest DeleteSigningCertificateRequest(*iam.DeleteSigningCertificateInput) iam.DeleteSigningCertificateRequest DeleteUserRequest(*iam.DeleteUserInput) iam.DeleteUserRequest DeleteUserPolicyRequest(*iam.DeleteUserPolicyInput) iam.DeleteUserPolicyRequest DeleteVirtualMFADeviceRequest(*iam.DeleteVirtualMFADeviceInput) iam.DeleteVirtualMFADeviceRequest DetachGroupPolicyRequest(*iam.DetachGroupPolicyInput) iam.DetachGroupPolicyRequest DetachRolePolicyRequest(*iam.DetachRolePolicyInput) iam.DetachRolePolicyRequest DetachUserPolicyRequest(*iam.DetachUserPolicyInput) iam.DetachUserPolicyRequest EnableMFADeviceRequest(*iam.EnableMFADeviceInput) iam.EnableMFADeviceRequest GenerateCredentialReportRequest(*iam.GenerateCredentialReportInput) iam.GenerateCredentialReportRequest GetAccessKeyLastUsedRequest(*iam.GetAccessKeyLastUsedInput) iam.GetAccessKeyLastUsedRequest GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsRequest(*iam.GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsInput) iam.GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsRequest GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsPages(*iam.GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsInput, func(*iam.GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsOutput, bool) bool) error GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsInput, func(*iam.GetAccountAuthorizationDetailsOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error GetAccountPasswordPolicyRequest(*iam.GetAccountPasswordPolicyInput) iam.GetAccountPasswordPolicyRequest GetAccountSummaryRequest(*iam.GetAccountSummaryInput) iam.GetAccountSummaryRequest GetContextKeysForCustomPolicyRequest(*iam.GetContextKeysForCustomPolicyInput) iam.GetContextKeysForCustomPolicyRequest GetContextKeysForPrincipalPolicyRequest(*iam.GetContextKeysForPrincipalPolicyInput) iam.GetContextKeysForPrincipalPolicyRequest GetCredentialReportRequest(*iam.GetCredentialReportInput) iam.GetCredentialReportRequest GetGroupRequest(*iam.GetGroupInput) iam.GetGroupRequest GetGroupPages(*iam.GetGroupInput, func(*iam.GetGroupOutput, bool) bool) error GetGroupPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.GetGroupInput, func(*iam.GetGroupOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error GetGroupPolicyRequest(*iam.GetGroupPolicyInput) iam.GetGroupPolicyRequest GetInstanceProfileRequest(*iam.GetInstanceProfileInput) iam.GetInstanceProfileRequest GetLoginProfileRequest(*iam.GetLoginProfileInput) iam.GetLoginProfileRequest GetOpenIDConnectProviderRequest(*iam.GetOpenIDConnectProviderInput) iam.GetOpenIDConnectProviderRequest GetPolicyRequest(*iam.GetPolicyInput) iam.GetPolicyRequest GetPolicyVersionRequest(*iam.GetPolicyVersionInput) iam.GetPolicyVersionRequest GetRoleRequest(*iam.GetRoleInput) iam.GetRoleRequest GetRolePolicyRequest(*iam.GetRolePolicyInput) iam.GetRolePolicyRequest GetSAMLProviderRequest(*iam.GetSAMLProviderInput) iam.GetSAMLProviderRequest GetSSHPublicKeyRequest(*iam.GetSSHPublicKeyInput) iam.GetSSHPublicKeyRequest GetServerCertificateRequest(*iam.GetServerCertificateInput) iam.GetServerCertificateRequest GetServiceLinkedRoleDeletionStatusRequest(*iam.GetServiceLinkedRoleDeletionStatusInput) iam.GetServiceLinkedRoleDeletionStatusRequest GetUserRequest(*iam.GetUserInput) iam.GetUserRequest GetUserPolicyRequest(*iam.GetUserPolicyInput) iam.GetUserPolicyRequest ListAccessKeysRequest(*iam.ListAccessKeysInput) iam.ListAccessKeysRequest ListAccessKeysPages(*iam.ListAccessKeysInput, func(*iam.ListAccessKeysOutput, bool) bool) error ListAccessKeysPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListAccessKeysInput, func(*iam.ListAccessKeysOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListAccountAliasesRequest(*iam.ListAccountAliasesInput) iam.ListAccountAliasesRequest ListAccountAliasesPages(*iam.ListAccountAliasesInput, func(*iam.ListAccountAliasesOutput, bool) bool) error ListAccountAliasesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListAccountAliasesInput, func(*iam.ListAccountAliasesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListAttachedGroupPoliciesRequest(*iam.ListAttachedGroupPoliciesInput) iam.ListAttachedGroupPoliciesRequest ListAttachedGroupPoliciesPages(*iam.ListAttachedGroupPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListAttachedGroupPoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListAttachedGroupPoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListAttachedGroupPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListAttachedGroupPoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListAttachedRolePoliciesRequest(*iam.ListAttachedRolePoliciesInput) iam.ListAttachedRolePoliciesRequest ListAttachedRolePoliciesPages(*iam.ListAttachedRolePoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListAttachedRolePoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListAttachedRolePoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListAttachedRolePoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListAttachedRolePoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListAttachedUserPoliciesRequest(*iam.ListAttachedUserPoliciesInput) iam.ListAttachedUserPoliciesRequest ListAttachedUserPoliciesPages(*iam.ListAttachedUserPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListAttachedUserPoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListAttachedUserPoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListAttachedUserPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListAttachedUserPoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListEntitiesForPolicyRequest(*iam.ListEntitiesForPolicyInput) iam.ListEntitiesForPolicyRequest ListEntitiesForPolicyPages(*iam.ListEntitiesForPolicyInput, func(*iam.ListEntitiesForPolicyOutput, bool) bool) error ListEntitiesForPolicyPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListEntitiesForPolicyInput, func(*iam.ListEntitiesForPolicyOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListGroupPoliciesRequest(*iam.ListGroupPoliciesInput) iam.ListGroupPoliciesRequest ListGroupPoliciesPages(*iam.ListGroupPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListGroupPoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListGroupPoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListGroupPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListGroupPoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListGroupsRequest(*iam.ListGroupsInput) iam.ListGroupsRequest ListGroupsPages(*iam.ListGroupsInput, func(*iam.ListGroupsOutput, bool) bool) error ListGroupsPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListGroupsInput, func(*iam.ListGroupsOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListGroupsForUserRequest(*iam.ListGroupsForUserInput) iam.ListGroupsForUserRequest ListGroupsForUserPages(*iam.ListGroupsForUserInput, func(*iam.ListGroupsForUserOutput, bool) bool) error ListGroupsForUserPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListGroupsForUserInput, func(*iam.ListGroupsForUserOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListInstanceProfilesRequest(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesInput) iam.ListInstanceProfilesRequest ListInstanceProfilesPages(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesInput, func(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesOutput, bool) bool) error ListInstanceProfilesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListInstanceProfilesInput, func(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListInstanceProfilesForRoleRequest(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesForRoleInput) iam.ListInstanceProfilesForRoleRequest ListInstanceProfilesForRolePages(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesForRoleInput, func(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesForRoleOutput, bool) bool) error ListInstanceProfilesForRolePagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListInstanceProfilesForRoleInput, func(*iam.ListInstanceProfilesForRoleOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListMFADevicesRequest(*iam.ListMFADevicesInput) iam.ListMFADevicesRequest ListMFADevicesPages(*iam.ListMFADevicesInput, func(*iam.ListMFADevicesOutput, bool) bool) error ListMFADevicesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListMFADevicesInput, func(*iam.ListMFADevicesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListOpenIDConnectProvidersRequest(*iam.ListOpenIDConnectProvidersInput) iam.ListOpenIDConnectProvidersRequest ListPoliciesRequest(*iam.ListPoliciesInput) iam.ListPoliciesRequest ListPoliciesPages(*iam.ListPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListPoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListPoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListPoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListPolicyVersionsRequest(*iam.ListPolicyVersionsInput) iam.ListPolicyVersionsRequest ListPolicyVersionsPages(*iam.ListPolicyVersionsInput, func(*iam.ListPolicyVersionsOutput, bool) bool) error ListPolicyVersionsPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListPolicyVersionsInput, func(*iam.ListPolicyVersionsOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListRolePoliciesRequest(*iam.ListRolePoliciesInput) iam.ListRolePoliciesRequest ListRolePoliciesPages(*iam.ListRolePoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListRolePoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListRolePoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListRolePoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListRolePoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListRolesRequest(*iam.ListRolesInput) iam.ListRolesRequest ListRolesPages(*iam.ListRolesInput, func(*iam.ListRolesOutput, bool) bool) error ListRolesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListRolesInput, func(*iam.ListRolesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListSAMLProvidersRequest(*iam.ListSAMLProvidersInput) iam.ListSAMLProvidersRequest ListSSHPublicKeysRequest(*iam.ListSSHPublicKeysInput) iam.ListSSHPublicKeysRequest ListSSHPublicKeysPages(*iam.ListSSHPublicKeysInput, func(*iam.ListSSHPublicKeysOutput, bool) bool) error ListSSHPublicKeysPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListSSHPublicKeysInput, func(*iam.ListSSHPublicKeysOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListServerCertificatesRequest(*iam.ListServerCertificatesInput) iam.ListServerCertificatesRequest ListServerCertificatesPages(*iam.ListServerCertificatesInput, func(*iam.ListServerCertificatesOutput, bool) bool) error ListServerCertificatesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListServerCertificatesInput, func(*iam.ListServerCertificatesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListServiceSpecificCredentialsRequest(*iam.ListServiceSpecificCredentialsInput) iam.ListServiceSpecificCredentialsRequest ListSigningCertificatesRequest(*iam.ListSigningCertificatesInput) iam.ListSigningCertificatesRequest ListSigningCertificatesPages(*iam.ListSigningCertificatesInput, func(*iam.ListSigningCertificatesOutput, bool) bool) error ListSigningCertificatesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListSigningCertificatesInput, func(*iam.ListSigningCertificatesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListUserPoliciesRequest(*iam.ListUserPoliciesInput) iam.ListUserPoliciesRequest ListUserPoliciesPages(*iam.ListUserPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListUserPoliciesOutput, bool) bool) error ListUserPoliciesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListUserPoliciesInput, func(*iam.ListUserPoliciesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListUsersRequest(*iam.ListUsersInput) iam.ListUsersRequest ListUsersPages(*iam.ListUsersInput, func(*iam.ListUsersOutput, bool) bool) error ListUsersPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListUsersInput, func(*iam.ListUsersOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error ListVirtualMFADevicesRequest(*iam.ListVirtualMFADevicesInput) iam.ListVirtualMFADevicesRequest ListVirtualMFADevicesPages(*iam.ListVirtualMFADevicesInput, func(*iam.ListVirtualMFADevicesOutput, bool) bool) error ListVirtualMFADevicesPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.ListVirtualMFADevicesInput, func(*iam.ListVirtualMFADevicesOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error PutGroupPolicyRequest(*iam.PutGroupPolicyInput) iam.PutGroupPolicyRequest PutRolePolicyRequest(*iam.PutRolePolicyInput) iam.PutRolePolicyRequest PutUserPolicyRequest(*iam.PutUserPolicyInput) iam.PutUserPolicyRequest RemoveClientIDFromOpenIDConnectProviderRequest(*iam.RemoveClientIDFromOpenIDConnectProviderInput) iam.RemoveClientIDFromOpenIDConnectProviderRequest RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfileRequest(*iam.RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfileInput) iam.RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfileRequest RemoveUserFromGroupRequest(*iam.RemoveUserFromGroupInput) iam.RemoveUserFromGroupRequest ResetServiceSpecificCredentialRequest(*iam.ResetServiceSpecificCredentialInput) iam.ResetServiceSpecificCredentialRequest ResyncMFADeviceRequest(*iam.ResyncMFADeviceInput) iam.ResyncMFADeviceRequest SetDefaultPolicyVersionRequest(*iam.SetDefaultPolicyVersionInput) iam.SetDefaultPolicyVersionRequest SimulateCustomPolicyRequest(*iam.SimulateCustomPolicyInput) iam.SimulateCustomPolicyRequest SimulateCustomPolicyPages(*iam.SimulateCustomPolicyInput, func(*iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyOutput, bool) bool) error SimulateCustomPolicyPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.SimulateCustomPolicyInput, func(*iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error SimulatePrincipalPolicyRequest(*iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyInput) iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyRequest SimulatePrincipalPolicyPages(*iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyInput, func(*iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyOutput, bool) bool) error SimulatePrincipalPolicyPagesWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyInput, func(*iam.SimulatePrincipalPolicyOutput, bool) bool, ...aws.Option) error UpdateAccessKeyRequest(*iam.UpdateAccessKeyInput) iam.UpdateAccessKeyRequest UpdateAccountPasswordPolicyRequest(*iam.UpdateAccountPasswordPolicyInput) iam.UpdateAccountPasswordPolicyRequest UpdateAssumeRolePolicyRequest(*iam.UpdateAssumeRolePolicyInput) iam.UpdateAssumeRolePolicyRequest UpdateGroupRequest(*iam.UpdateGroupInput) iam.UpdateGroupRequest UpdateLoginProfileRequest(*iam.UpdateLoginProfileInput) iam.UpdateLoginProfileRequest UpdateOpenIDConnectProviderThumbprintRequest(*iam.UpdateOpenIDConnectProviderThumbprintInput) iam.UpdateOpenIDConnectProviderThumbprintRequest UpdateRoleDescriptionRequest(*iam.UpdateRoleDescriptionInput) iam.UpdateRoleDescriptionRequest UpdateSAMLProviderRequest(*iam.UpdateSAMLProviderInput) iam.UpdateSAMLProviderRequest UpdateSSHPublicKeyRequest(*iam.UpdateSSHPublicKeyInput) iam.UpdateSSHPublicKeyRequest UpdateServerCertificateRequest(*iam.UpdateServerCertificateInput) iam.UpdateServerCertificateRequest UpdateServiceSpecificCredentialRequest(*iam.UpdateServiceSpecificCredentialInput) iam.UpdateServiceSpecificCredentialRequest UpdateSigningCertificateRequest(*iam.UpdateSigningCertificateInput) iam.UpdateSigningCertificateRequest UpdateUserRequest(*iam.UpdateUserInput) iam.UpdateUserRequest UploadSSHPublicKeyRequest(*iam.UploadSSHPublicKeyInput) iam.UploadSSHPublicKeyRequest UploadServerCertificateRequest(*iam.UploadServerCertificateInput) iam.UploadServerCertificateRequest UploadSigningCertificateRequest(*iam.UploadSigningCertificateInput) iam.UploadSigningCertificateRequest WaitUntilInstanceProfileExists(*iam.GetInstanceProfileInput) error WaitUntilInstanceProfileExistsWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.GetInstanceProfileInput, ...aws.WaiterOption) error WaitUntilUserExists(*iam.GetUserInput) error WaitUntilUserExistsWithContext(aws.Context, *iam.GetUserInput, ...aws.WaiterOption) error }
IAMAPI provides an interface to enable mocking the iam.IAM service client's API operation, paginators, and waiters. This make unit testing your code that calls out to the SDK's service client's calls easier.
The best way to use this interface is so the SDK's service client's calls can be stubbed out for unit testing your code with the SDK without needing to inject custom request handlers into the SDK's request pipeline.
// myFunc uses an SDK service client to make a request to // AWS Identity and Access Management. func myFunc(svc iamiface.IAMAPI) bool { // Make svc.AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProvider request } func main() { cfg, err := external.LoadDefaultAWSConfig() if err != nil { panic("failed to load config, " + err.Error()) } svc := iam.New(cfg) myFunc(svc) }
In your _test.go file:
// Define a mock struct to be used in your unit tests of myFunc. type mockIAMClient struct { iamiface.IAMAPI } func (m *mockIAMClient) AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProvider(input *iam.AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProviderInput) (*iam.AddClientIDToOpenIDConnectProviderOutput, error) { // mock response/functionality } func TestMyFunc(t *testing.T) { // Setup Test mockSvc := &mockIAMClient{} myfunc(mockSvc) // Verify myFunc's functionality }
It is important to note that this interface will have breaking changes when the service model is updated and adds new API operations, paginators, and waiters. Its suggested to use the pattern above for testing, or using tooling to generate mocks to satisfy the interfaces.