multiaddr

README

go-multiaddr

multiaddr implementation in go

Multiaddr is a standard way to represent addresses that:

• Support any standard network protocols.
• Self-describe (include protocols).
• Have a binary packed format.
• Have a nice string representation.
• Encapsulate well.

Table of Contents

• Install
• Usage
  • Example
    • Simple
    • Protocols
    • En/decapsulate
    • Tunneling
• Maintainers
• Contribute
• License

Install

go get github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr

Usage

Example

Simple

import ma "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"

// construct from a string (err signals parse failure)
m1, err := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")

// construct from bytes (err signals parse failure)
m2, err := ma.NewMultiaddrBytes(m1.Bytes())

// true
strings.Equal(m1.String(), "/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")
strings.Equal(m1.String(), m2.String())
bytes.Equal(m1.Bytes(), m2.Bytes())
m1.Equal(m2)
m2.Equal(m1)

Protocols

// get the multiaddr protocol description objects
m1.Protocols()
// []Protocol{
//   Protocol{ Code: 4, Name: 'ip4', Size: 32},
//   Protocol{ Code: 17, Name: 'udp', Size: 16},
// }

En/decapsulate

m.Encapsulate(ma.NewMultiaddr("/sctp/5678"))
// <Multiaddr /ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234/sctp/5678>
m.Decapsulate(ma.NewMultiaddr("/udp")) // up to + inc last occurrence of subaddr
// <Multiaddr /ip4/127.0.0.1>

Tunneling

Multiaddr allows expressing tunnels very nicely.

printer, _ := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/192.168.0.13/tcp/80")
proxy, _ := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/10.20.30.40/tcp/443")
printerOverProxy := proxy.Encapsulate(printer)
// /ip4/10.20.30.40/tcp/443/ip4/192.168.0.13/tcp/80

proxyAgain := printerOverProxy.Decapsulate(printer)
// /ip4/10.20.30.40/tcp/443

Maintainers

Captain: @whyrusleeping.

Contribute

Contributions welcome. Please check out the issues.

Check out our contributing document for more information on how we work, and about contributing in general. Please be aware that all interactions related to multiformats are subject to the IPFS Code of Conduct.

Small note: If editing the README, please conform to the standard-readme specification.

License

MIT © 2014 Juan Batiz-Benet

Documentation

Overview

Package multiaddr provides an implementation of the Multiaddr network address format. Multiaddr emphasizes explicitness, self-description, and portability. It allows applications to treat addresses as opaque tokens, and to avoid making assumptions about the address representation (e.g. length). Learn more at https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr

Basic Use:

import (
  "bytes"
  "strings"
  ma "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"
)

// construct from a string (err signals parse failure)
m1, err := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")

// construct from bytes (err signals parse failure)
m2, err := ma.NewMultiaddrBytes(m1.Bytes())

// true
strings.Equal(m1.String(), "/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")
strings.Equal(m1.String(), m2.String())
bytes.Equal(m1.Bytes(), m2.Bytes())
m1.Equal(m2)
m2.Equal(m1)

// tunneling (en/decap)
printer, _ := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/192.168.0.13/tcp/80")
proxy, _ := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/10.20.30.40/tcp/443")
printerOverProxy := proxy.Encapsulate(printer)
proxyAgain := printerOverProxy.Decapsulate(printer)

Index

• Constants
• Variables
• func AddProtocol(p Protocol) error
• func CodeToVarint(num int) []byte
• func ReadVarintCode(buf []byte) (int, int, error)
• func SwapToP2pMultiaddrs()
• func VarintToCode(buf []byte) int
• type Multiaddr
  • func Cast(b []byte) Multiaddr
  • func Join(ms ...Multiaddr) Multiaddr
  • func NewMultiaddr(s string) (a Multiaddr, err error)
  • func NewMultiaddrBytes(b []byte) (a Multiaddr, err error)
  • func Split(m Multiaddr) []Multiaddr
  • func StringCast(s string) Multiaddr
• type Protocol
  • func ProtocolWithCode(c int) Protocol
  • func ProtocolWithName(s string) Protocol
  • func ProtocolsWithString(s string) ([]Protocol, error)
• type Transcoder
  • func NewTranscoderFromFunctions(s2b func(string) ([]byte, error), b2s func([]byte) (string, error), ...) Transcoder

Constants

const (
	P_IP4   = 0x0004
	P_TCP   = 0x0006
	P_UDP   = 0x0111
	P_DCCP  = 0x0021
	P_IP6   = 0x0029
	P_QUIC  = 0x01CC
	P_SCTP  = 0x0084
	P_UDT   = 0x012D
	P_UTP   = 0x012E
	P_UNIX  = 0x0190
	P_P2P   = 0x01A5
	P_IPFS  = 0x01A5 // alias for backwards compatability
	P_HTTP  = 0x01E0
	P_HTTPS = 0x01BB
	P_ONION = 0x01BC
)

You **MUST** register your multicodecs with https://github.com/multiformats/multicodec before adding them here.

TODO: Use a single source of truth for all multicodecs instead of distributing them like this...

const (
	LengthPrefixedVarSize = -1
)

These are special sizes

Variables

var ErrProtocolNotFound = fmt.Errorf("protocol not found in multiaddr")

var Protocols = []Protocol{
	protoIP4,
	protoTCP,
	protoUDP,
	protoDCCP,
	protoIP6,
	protoSCTP,
	protoONION,
	protoUTP,
	protoUDT,
	protoQUIC,
	protoHTTP,
	protoHTTPS,
	protoP2P,
	protoUNIX,
}

Protocols is the list of multiaddr protocols supported by this module.

var ProtocolsByName = map[string]Protocol{}

var TranscoderIP4 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(ip4StB, ipBtS, nil)

var TranscoderIP6 = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(ip6StB, ipBtS, nil)

var TranscoderOnion = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(onionStB, onionBtS, nil)

var TranscoderP2P = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(p2pStB, p2pBtS, p2pVal)

var TranscoderPort = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(portStB, portBtS, nil)

var TranscoderUnix = NewTranscoderFromFunctions(unixStB, unixBtS, nil)

Functions

func AddProtocol

func AddProtocol(p Protocol) error

func CodeToVarint

func CodeToVarint(num int) []byte

CodeToVarint converts an integer to a varint-encoded []byte

func ReadVarintCode

func ReadVarintCode(buf []byte) (int, int, error)

ReadVarintCode reads a varint code from the beginning of buf. returns the code, and the number of bytes read.

func SwapToP2pMultiaddrs

func SwapToP2pMultiaddrs()

SwapToP2pMultiaddrs is a function to make the transition from /ipfs/... multiaddrs to /p2p/... multiaddrs easier The first stage of the rollout is to ship this package to all users so that all users of multiaddr can parse both /ipfs/ and /p2p/ multiaddrs as the same code (P_P2P). During this stage of the rollout, all addresses with P_P2P will continue printing as /ipfs/, so that older clients without the new parsing code won't break. Once the network has adopted the new parsing code broadly enough, users of multiaddr can add a call to this method to an init function in their codebase. This will cause any P_P2P multiaddr to print out as /p2p/ instead of /ipfs/. Note that the binary serialization of this multiaddr does not change at any point. This means that this code is not a breaking network change at any point

func VarintToCode

func VarintToCode(buf []byte) int

VarintToCode converts a varint-encoded []byte to an integer protocol code

Types

type Multiaddr

type Multiaddr interface {
	// Equal returns whether two Multiaddrs are exactly equal
	Equal(Multiaddr) bool

	// Bytes returns the []byte representation of this Multiaddr
	Bytes() []byte

	// String returns the string representation of this Multiaddr
	// (may panic if internal state is corrupted)
	String() string

	// Protocols returns the list of Protocols this Multiaddr includes
	// will panic if protocol code incorrect (and bytes accessed incorrectly)
	Protocols() []Protocol

	// Encapsulate wraps this Multiaddr around another. For example:
	//
	//      /ip4/1.2.3.4 encapsulate /tcp/80 = /ip4/1.2.3.4/tcp/80
	//
	Encapsulate(Multiaddr) Multiaddr

	// Decapsultate removes a Multiaddr wrapping. For example:
	//
	//      /ip4/1.2.3.4/tcp/80 decapsulate /ip4/1.2.3.4 = /tcp/80
	//
	Decapsulate(Multiaddr) Multiaddr

	// ValueForProtocol returns the value (if any) following the specified protocol
	ValueForProtocol(code int) (string, error)
}

Multiaddr is a cross-protocol, cross-platform format for representing internet addresses. It emphasizes explicitness and self-description. Learn more here: https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr

Multiaddrs have both a binary and string representation.

import ma "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"

addr, err := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/1.2.3.4/tcp/80")
// err non-nil when parsing failed.

func Cast

func Cast(b []byte) Multiaddr

Cast re-casts a byte slice as a multiaddr. will panic if it fails to parse.

func Join

func Join(ms ...Multiaddr) Multiaddr

Join returns a combination of addresses.

func NewMultiaddr

func NewMultiaddr(s string) (a Multiaddr, err error)

NewMultiaddr parses and validates an input string, returning a *Multiaddr

func NewMultiaddrBytes

func NewMultiaddrBytes(b []byte) (a Multiaddr, err error)

NewMultiaddrBytes initializes a Multiaddr from a byte representation. It validates it as an input string.

func Split

func Split(m Multiaddr) []Multiaddr

Split returns the sub-address portions of a multiaddr.

func StringCast

func StringCast(s string) Multiaddr

StringCast like Cast, but parses a string. Will also panic if it fails to parse.

type Protocol

type Protocol struct {
	Code       int
	Size       int // a size of -1 indicates a length-prefixed variable size
	Name       string
	VCode      []byte
	Path       bool // indicates a path protocol (eg unix, http)
	Transcoder Transcoder
}

Protocol is a Multiaddr protocol description structure.

func ProtocolWithCode

func ProtocolWithCode(c int) Protocol

ProtocolWithCode returns the Protocol description with given protocol code.

func ProtocolWithName

func ProtocolWithName(s string) Protocol

ProtocolWithName returns the Protocol description with given string name.

func ProtocolsWithString

func ProtocolsWithString(s string) ([]Protocol, error)

ProtocolsWithString returns a slice of protocols matching given string.

type Transcoder

type Transcoder interface {
	StringToBytes(string) ([]byte, error)
	BytesToString([]byte) (string, error)
	ValidateBytes([]byte) error
}

func NewTranscoderFromFunctions

func NewTranscoderFromFunctions(
	s2b func(string) ([]byte, error),
	b2s func([]byte) (string, error),
	val func([]byte) error,
) Transcoder