rpc

package
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 Go to latest Published: May 7, 2021 License: GPL-3.0 Imports: 36 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Overview

Package rpc implements bi-directional JSON-RPC 2.0 on multiple transports.

It provides access to the exported methods of an object across a network or other I/O connection. After creating a server or client instance, objects can be registered to make them visible as 'services'. Exported methods that follow specific conventions can be called remotely. It also has support for the publish/subscribe pattern.

RPC Methods

Methods that satisfy the following criteria are made available for remote access:

  • method must be exported
  • method returns 0, 1 (response or error) or 2 (response and error) values

An example method: 

func (s *CalcService) Add(a, b int) (int, error)

When the returned error isn't nil the returned integer is ignored and the error is sent back to the client. Otherwise the returned integer is sent back to the client.

Optional arguments are supported by accepting pointer values as arguments. E.g. if we want to do the addition in an optional finite field we can accept a mod argument as pointer value. 

func (s *CalcService) Add(a, b int, mod *int) (int, error)

This RPC method can be called with 2 integers and a null value as third argument. In that case the mod argument will be nil. Or it can be called with 3 integers, in that case mod will be pointing to the given third argument. Since the optional argument is the last argument the RPC package will also accept 2 integers as arguments. It will pass the mod argument as nil to the RPC method.

The server offers the ServeCodec method which accepts a ServerCodec instance. It will read requests from the codec, process the request and sends the response back to the client using the codec. The server can execute requests concurrently. Responses can be sent back to the client out of order.

An example server which uses the JSON codec: 

 type CalculatorService struct {}

 func (s *CalculatorService) Add(a, b int) int {
	return a + b
 }

 func (s *CalculatorService) Div(a, b int) (int, error) {
	if b == 0 {
		return 0, errors.New("divide by zero")
	}
	return a/b, nil
 }

 calculator := new(CalculatorService)
 server := NewServer()
 server.RegisterName("calculator", calculator)
 l, _ := net.ListenUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Net: "unix", Name: "/tmp/calculator.sock"})
 server.ServeListener(l)

Subscriptions

The package also supports the publish subscribe pattern through the use of subscriptions. A method that is considered eligible for notifications must satisfy the following criteria:

  • method must be exported
  • first method argument type must be context.Context
  • method must have return types (rpc.Subscription, error)

An example method: 

func (s *BlockChainService) NewBlocks(ctx context.Context) (rpc.Subscription, error) {
	...
}

When the service containing the subscription method is registered to the server, for example under the "blockchain" namespace, a subscription is created by calling the "blockchain_subscribe" method.

Subscriptions are deleted when the user sends an unsubscribe request or when the connection which was used to create the subscription is closed. This can be initiated by the client and server. The server will close the connection for any write error.

For more information about subscriptions, see https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/RPC-PUB-SUB.

Reverse Calls

In any method handler, an instance of rpc.Client can be accessed through the ClientFromContext method. Using this client instance, server-to-client method calls can be performed on the RPC connection.

Index

Examples

Constants

View Source 
const (
	PendingBlockNumber  = BlockNumber(-2)
	LatestBlockNumber   = BlockNumber(-1)
	EarliestBlockNumber = BlockNumber(0)
)
View Source 
const MetadataApi = "rpc"

Variables

View Source 
var (
	ErrClientQuit                = errors.New("client is closed")
	ErrNoResult                  = errors.New("no result in JSON-RPC response")
	ErrSubscriptionQueueOverflow = errors.New("subscription queue overflow")
)
View Source 
var (
	// ErrNotificationsUnsupported is returned when the connection doesn't support notifications
	ErrNotificationsUnsupported = errors.New("notifications not supported")
	// ErrNotificationNotFound is returned when the notification for the given id is not found
	ErrSubscriptionNotFound = errors.New("subscription not found")
)
View Source 
var DefaultHTTPTimeouts = HTTPTimeouts{
	ReadTimeout:  30 * time.Second,
	WriteTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
	IdleTimeout:  120 * time.Second,
}

DefaultHTTPTimeouts represents the default timeout values used if further configuration is not provided.

Functions

This section is empty.

Types

type API 

type API struct {
	Namespace string      // namespace under which the rpc methods of Service are exposed
	Version   string      // api version for DApp's
	Service   interface{} // receiver instance which holds the methods
	Public    bool        // indication if the methods must be considered safe for public use
}

API describes the set of methods offered over the RPC interface

type BatchElem 

type BatchElem struct {
	Method string
	Args   []interface{}
	// The result is unmarshaled into this field. Result must be set to a
	// non-nil pointer value of the desired type, otherwise the response will be
	// discarded.
	Result interface{}
	// Error is set if the server returns an error for this request, or if
	// unmarshaling into Result fails. It is not set for I/O errors.
	Error error
}

BatchElem is an element in a batch request.

type BlockNumber 

type BlockNumber int64

func (BlockNumber) Int64 

func (bn BlockNumber) Int64() int64

func (*BlockNumber) UnmarshalJSON 

func (bn *BlockNumber) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error

UnmarshalJSON parses the given JSON fragment into a BlockNumber. It supports: - "latest", "earliest" or "pending" as string arguments - the block number Returned errors: - an invalid block number error when the given argument isn't a known strings - an out of range error when the given block number is either too little or too large

type BlockNumberOrHash 

type BlockNumberOrHash struct {
	BlockNumber      *BlockNumber `json:"blockNumber,omitempty"`
	BlockHash        *common.Hash `json:"blockHash,omitempty"`
	RequireCanonical bool         `json:"requireCanonical,omitempty"`
}

func BlockNumberOrHashWithHash 

func BlockNumberOrHashWithHash(hash common.Hash, canonical bool) BlockNumberOrHash

func BlockNumberOrHashWithNumber 

func BlockNumberOrHashWithNumber(blockNr BlockNumber) BlockNumberOrHash

func (*BlockNumberOrHash) Hash 

func (bnh *BlockNumberOrHash) Hash() (common.Hash, bool)

func (*BlockNumberOrHash) Number 

func (bnh *BlockNumberOrHash) Number() (BlockNumber, bool)

func (*BlockNumberOrHash) UnmarshalJSON 

func (bnh *BlockNumberOrHash) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error

type Client 

type Client struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Client represents a connection to an RPC server.

func ClientFromContext 

func ClientFromContext(ctx context.Context) (*Client, bool)

Client retrieves the client from the context, if any. This can be used to perform 'reverse calls' in a handler method.

func Dial 

func Dial(rawurl string) (*Client, error)

Dial creates a new client for the given URL.

The currently supported URL schemes are "http", "https", "ws" and "wss". If rawurl is a file name with no URL scheme, a local socket connection is established using UNIX domain sockets on supported platforms and named pipes on Windows. If you want to configure transport options, use DialHTTP, DialWebsocket or DialIPC instead.

For websocket connections, the origin is set to the local host name.

The client reconnects automatically if the connection is lost.

func DialContext 

func DialContext(ctx context.Context, rawurl string) (*Client, error)

DialContext creates a new RPC client, just like Dial.

The context is used to cancel or time out the initial connection establishment. It does not affect subsequent interactions with the client.

func DialHTTP 

func DialHTTP(endpoint string) (*Client, error)

DialHTTP creates a new RPC client that connects to an RPC server over HTTP.

func DialHTTPWithClient 

func DialHTTPWithClient(endpoint string, client *http.Client) (*Client, error)

DialHTTPWithClient creates a new RPC client that connects to an RPC server over HTTP using the provided HTTP Client.

func DialIO 

func DialIO(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, out io.Writer) (*Client, error)

DialIO creates a client which uses the given IO channels

func DialIPC 

func DialIPC(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (*Client, error)

DialIPC create a new IPC client that connects to the given endpoint. On Unix it assumes the endpoint is the full path to a unix socket, and Windows the endpoint is an identifier for a named pipe.

The context is used for the initial connection establishment. It does not affect subsequent interactions with the client.

func DialInProc 

func DialInProc(handler *Server) *Client

DialInProc attaches an in-process connection to the given RPC server.

func DialStdIO 

func DialStdIO(ctx context.Context) (*Client, error)

DialStdIO creates a client on stdin/stdout.

func DialWebsocket 

func DialWebsocket(ctx context.Context, endpoint, origin string) (*Client, error)

DialWebsocket creates a new RPC client that communicates with a JSON-RPC server that is listening on the given endpoint.

The context is used for the initial connection establishment. It does not affect subsequent interactions with the client.

func DialWebsocketWithDialer 

func DialWebsocketWithDialer(ctx context.Context, endpoint, origin string, dialer websocket.Dialer) (*Client, error)

DialWebsocketWithDialer creates a new RPC client that communicates with a JSON-RPC server that is listening on the given endpoint using the provided dialer.

func (*Client) BatchCall 

func (c *Client) BatchCall(b []BatchElem) error

BatchCall sends all given requests as a single batch and waits for the server to return a response for all of them.

In contrast to Call, BatchCall only returns I/O errors. Any error specific to a request is reported through the Error field of the corresponding BatchElem.

Note that batch calls may not be executed atomically on the server side.

func (*Client) BatchCallContext 

func (c *Client) BatchCallContext(ctx context.Context, b []BatchElem) error

BatchCall sends all given requests as a single batch and waits for the server to return a response for all of them. The wait duration is bounded by the context's deadline.

In contrast to CallContext, BatchCallContext only returns errors that have occurred while sending the request. Any error specific to a request is reported through the Error field of the corresponding BatchElem.

Note that batch calls may not be executed atomically on the server side.

func (*Client) Call 

func (c *Client) Call(result interface{}, method string, args ...interface{}) error

Call performs a JSON-RPC call with the given arguments and unmarshals into result if no error occurred.

The result must be a pointer so that package json can unmarshal into it. You can also pass nil, in which case the result is ignored.

func (*Client) CallContext 

func (c *Client) CallContext(ctx context.Context, result interface{}, method string, args ...interface{}) error

CallContext performs a JSON-RPC call with the given arguments. If the context is canceled before the call has successfully returned, CallContext returns immediately.

The result must be a pointer so that package json can unmarshal into it. You can also pass nil, in which case the result is ignored.

func (*Client) Close 

func (c *Client) Close()

Close closes the client, aborting any in-flight requests.

func (*Client) EthSubscribe 

func (c *Client) EthSubscribe(ctx context.Context, channel interface{}, args ...interface{}) (*ClientSubscription, error)

EthSubscribe registers a subscripion under the "eth" namespace.

func (*Client) Notify 

func (c *Client) Notify(ctx context.Context, method string, args ...interface{}) error

Notify sends a notification, i.e. a method call that doesn't expect a response.

func (*Client) RegisterName 

func (c *Client) RegisterName(name string, receiver interface{}) error

RegisterName creates a service for the given receiver type under the given name. When no methods on the given receiver match the criteria to be either a RPC method or a subscription an error is returned. Otherwise a new service is created and added to the service collection this client provides to the server.

func (*Client) SetHeader 

func (c *Client) SetHeader(key, value string)

SetHeader adds a custom HTTP header to the client's requests. This method only works for clients using HTTP, it doesn't have any effect for clients using another transport.

func (*Client) ShhSubscribe 

func (c *Client) ShhSubscribe(ctx context.Context, channel interface{}, args ...interface{}) (*ClientSubscription, error)

ShhSubscribe registers a subscripion under the "shh" namespace. Deprecated: use Subscribe(ctx, "shh", ...).

func (*Client) Subscribe 

func (c *Client) Subscribe(ctx context.Context, namespace string, channel interface{}, args ...interface{}) (*ClientSubscription, error)

Subscribe calls the "<namespace>_subscribe" method with the given arguments, registering a subscription. Server notifications for the subscription are sent to the given channel. The element type of the channel must match the expected type of content returned by the subscription.

The context argument cancels the RPC request that sets up the subscription but has no effect on the subscription after Subscribe has returned.

Slow subscribers will be dropped eventually. Client buffers up to 20000 notifications before considering the subscriber dead. The subscription Err channel will receive ErrSubscriptionQueueOverflow. Use a sufficiently large buffer on the channel or ensure that the channel usually has at least one reader to prevent this issue.

func (*Client) SupportedModules 

func (c *Client) SupportedModules() (map[string]string, error)

SupportedModules calls the rpc_modules method, retrieving the list of APIs that are available on the server.

type ClientSubscription 

type ClientSubscription struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ClientSubscription is a subscription established through the Client's Subscribe or EthSubscribe methods.

Example 
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
)

// In this example, our client wishes to track the latest 'block number'
// known to the server. The server supports two methods:
//
// eth_getBlockByNumber("latest", {})
//    returns the latest block object.
//
// eth_subscribe("newHeads")
//    creates a subscription which fires block objects when new blocks arrive.

type Block struct {
	Number *hexutil.Big
}

func main() {
	// Connect the client.
	client, _ := rpc.Dial("ws://127.0.0.1:8545")
	subch := make(chan Block)

	// Ensure that subch receives the latest block.
	go func() {
		for i := 0; ; i++ {
			if i > 0 {
				time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
			}
			subscribeBlocks(client, subch)
		}
	}()

	// Print events from the subscription as they arrive.
	for block := range subch {
		fmt.Println("latest block:", block.Number)
	}
}

// subscribeBlocks runs in its own goroutine and maintains
// a subscription for new blocks.
func subscribeBlocks(client *rpc.Client, subch chan Block) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	// Subscribe to new blocks.
	sub, err := client.EthSubscribe(ctx, subch, "newHeads")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("subscribe error:", err)
		return
	}

	// The connection is established now.
	// Update the channel with the current block.
	var lastBlock Block
	err = client.CallContext(ctx, &lastBlock, "eth_getBlockByNumber", "latest", false)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("can't get latest block:", err)
		return
	}
	subch <- lastBlock

	// The subscription will deliver events to the channel. Wait for the
	// subscription to end for any reason, then loop around to re-establish
	// the connection.
	fmt.Println("connection lost: ", <-sub.Err())
}

Output:

func (*ClientSubscription) Err 

func (sub *ClientSubscription) Err() <-chan error

Err returns the subscription error channel. The intended use of Err is to schedule resubscription when the client connection is closed unexpectedly.

The error channel receives a value when the subscription has ended due to an error. The received error is nil if Close has been called on the underlying client and no other error has occurred.

The error channel is closed when Unsubscribe is called on the subscription.

func (*ClientSubscription) Unsubscribe 

func (sub *ClientSubscription) Unsubscribe()

Unsubscribe unsubscribes the notification and closes the error channel. It can safely be called more than once.

type CodecOption deprecated 

type CodecOption int

CodecOption specifies which type of messages a codec supports.

Deprecated: this option is no longer honored by Server. 

const (
	// OptionMethodInvocation is an indication that the codec supports RPC method calls
	OptionMethodInvocation CodecOption = 1 << iota

	// OptionSubscriptions is an indication that the codec supports RPC notifications
	OptionSubscriptions = 1 << iota // support pub sub
)

type Conn 

type Conn interface {
	io.ReadWriteCloser
	SetWriteDeadline(time.Time) error
}

Conn is a subset of the methods of net.Conn which are sufficient for ServerCodec.

type ConnRemoteAddr 

type ConnRemoteAddr interface {
	RemoteAddr() string
}

ConnRemoteAddr wraps the RemoteAddr operation, which returns a description of the peer address of a connection. If a Conn also implements ConnRemoteAddr, this description is used in log messages.

type DataError 

type DataError interface {
	Error() string          // returns the message
	ErrorData() interface{} // returns the error data
}

A DataError contains some data in addition to the error message.

type Error 

type Error interface {
	Error() string  // returns the message
	ErrorCode() int // returns the code
}

Error wraps RPC errors, which contain an error code in addition to the message.

type HTTPError 

type HTTPError struct {
	StatusCode int
	Status     string
	Body       []byte
}

HTTPError is returned by client operations when the HTTP status code of the response is not a 2xx status.

func (HTTPError) Error 

func (err HTTPError) Error() string

type HTTPTimeouts 

type HTTPTimeouts struct {
	// ReadTimeout is the maximum duration for reading the entire
	// request, including the body.
	//
	// Because ReadTimeout does not let Handlers make per-request
	// decisions on each request body's acceptable deadline or
	// upload rate, most users will prefer to use
	// ReadHeaderTimeout. It is valid to use them both.
	ReadTimeout time.Duration

	// WriteTimeout is the maximum duration before timing out
	// writes of the response. It is reset whenever a new
	// request's header is read. Like ReadTimeout, it does not
	// let Handlers make decisions on a per-request basis.
	WriteTimeout time.Duration

	// IdleTimeout is the maximum amount of time to wait for the
	// next request when keep-alives are enabled. If IdleTimeout
	// is zero, the value of ReadTimeout is used. If both are
	// zero, ReadHeaderTimeout is used.
	IdleTimeout time.Duration
}

HTTPTimeouts represents the configuration params for the HTTP RPC server.

type ID 

type ID string

ID defines a pseudo random number that is used to identify RPC subscriptions.

func NewID 

func NewID() ID

NewID returns a new, random ID.

type Notifier 

type Notifier struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Notifier is tied to a RPC connection that supports subscriptions. Server callbacks use the notifier to send notifications.

func NotifierFromContext 

func NotifierFromContext(ctx context.Context) (*Notifier, bool)

NotifierFromContext returns the Notifier value stored in ctx, if any.

func (*Notifier) Closed 

func (n *Notifier) Closed() <-chan interface{}

Closed returns a channel that is closed when the RPC connection is closed. Deprecated: use subscription error channel

func (*Notifier) CreateSubscription 

func (n *Notifier) CreateSubscription() *Subscription

CreateSubscription returns a new subscription that is coupled to the RPC connection. By default subscriptions are inactive and notifications are dropped until the subscription is marked as active. This is done by the RPC server after the subscription ID is send to the client.

func (*Notifier) Notify 

func (n *Notifier) Notify(id ID, data interface{}) error

Notify sends a notification to the client with the given data as payload. If an error occurs the RPC connection is closed and the error is returned.

type RPCService 

type RPCService struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

RPCService gives meta information about the server. e.g. gives information about the loaded modules.

func (*RPCService) Modules 

func (s *RPCService) Modules() map[string]string

Modules returns the list of RPC services with their version number

type Server 

type Server struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Server is an RPC server.

func NewServer 

func NewServer() *Server

NewServer creates a new server instance with no registered handlers.

func StartIPCEndpoint 

func StartIPCEndpoint(ipcEndpoint string, apis []API) (net.Listener, *Server, error)

StartIPCEndpoint starts an IPC endpoint.

func (*Server) RegisterName 

func (s *Server) RegisterName(name string, receiver interface{}) error

RegisterName creates a service for the given receiver type under the given name. When no methods on the given receiver match the criteria to be either a RPC method or a subscription an error is returned. Otherwise a new service is created and added to the service collection this server provides to clients.

func (*Server) ServeCodec 

func (s *Server) ServeCodec(codec ServerCodec, options CodecOption)

ServeCodec reads incoming requests from codec, calls the appropriate callback and writes the response back using the given codec. It will block until the codec is closed or the server is stopped. In either case the codec is closed.

Note that codec options are no longer supported.

func (*Server) ServeHTTP 

func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)

ServeHTTP serves JSON-RPC requests over HTTP.

func (*Server) ServeListener 

func (s *Server) ServeListener(l net.Listener) error

ServeListener accepts connections on l, serving JSON-RPC on them.

func (*Server) Stop 

func (s *Server) Stop()

Stop stops reading new requests, waits for stopPendingRequestTimeout to allow pending requests to finish, then closes all codecs which will cancel pending requests and subscriptions.

func (*Server) WebsocketHandler 

func (s *Server) WebsocketHandler(allowedOrigins []string) http.Handler

WebsocketHandler returns a handler that serves JSON-RPC to WebSocket connections.

allowedOrigins should be a comma-separated list of allowed origin URLs. To allow connections with any origin, pass "*".

type ServerCodec 

type ServerCodec interface {
	// contains filtered or unexported methods
}

ServerCodec implements reading, parsing and writing RPC messages for the server side of a RPC session. Implementations must be go-routine safe since the codec can be called in multiple go-routines concurrently.

func NewCodec 

func NewCodec(conn Conn) ServerCodec

NewCodec creates a codec on the given connection. If conn implements ConnRemoteAddr, log messages will use it to include the remote address of the connection.

func NewFuncCodec 

func NewFuncCodec(conn deadlineCloser, encode, decode func(v interface{}) error) ServerCodec

NewFuncCodec creates a codec which uses the given functions to read and write. If conn implements ConnRemoteAddr, log messages will use it to include the remote address of the connection.

type Subscription 

type Subscription struct {
	ID ID
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Subscription is created by a notifier and tied to that notifier. The client can use this subscription to wait for an unsubscribe request for the client, see Err().

func (*Subscription) Err 

func (s *Subscription) Err() <-chan error

Err returns a channel that is closed when the client send an unsubscribe request.

func (*Subscription) MarshalJSON 

func (s *Subscription) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)

MarshalJSON marshals a subscription as its ID.

Source Files

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