parquet-go

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 Go to latest Published: Feb 9, 2024 License: Apache-2.0

README

parquet-go

Travis Status for xitongsys/parquet-go godoc for xitongsys/parquet-go

parquet-go is a pure-go implementation of reading and writing the parquet format file.

  • Support Read/Write Nested/Flat Parquet File
  • Simple to use
  • High performance

Install

Add the parquet-go library to your $GOPATH/src and install dependencies:

go get github.com/xitongsys/parquet-go

Examples

The example/ directory contains several examples.

The local_flat.go example creates some data and writes it out to the example/output/flat.parquet file.

cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/xitongsys/parquet-go/example
go run local_flat.go

The local_flat.go code shows how it's easy to output structs from Go programs to Parquet files.

Type

There are two types in Parquet: Primitive Type and Logical Type. Logical types are stored as primitive types.

Primitive Type
Primitive Type Go Type
BOOLEAN bool
INT32 int32
INT64 int64
INT96(deprecated) string
FLOAT float32
DOUBLE float64
BYTE_ARRAY string
FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY string
Logical Type
Logical Type Primitive Type Go Type
UTF8 BYTE_ARRAY string
INT_8 INT32 int32
INT_16 INT32 int32
INT_32 INT32 int32
INT_64 INT64 int64
UINT_8 INT32 int32
UINT_16 INT32 int32
UINT_32 INT32 int32
UINT_64 INT64 int64
DATE INT32 int32
TIME_MILLIS INT32 int32
TIME_MICROS INT64 int64
TIMESTAMP_MILLIS INT64 int64
TIMESTAMP_MICROS INT64 int64
INTERVAL FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY string
DECIMAL INT32,INT64,FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY,BYTE_ARRAY int32,int64,string,string
LIST - slice
MAP - map
Tips

  • Parquet-go supports type alias such type MyString string. But the base type must follow the table instructions.

  • Some type convert functions: converter.go

Encoding

PLAIN:

All types

PLAIN_DICTIONARY/RLE_DICTIONARY:

All types

DELTA_BINARY_PACKED:

INT32, INT64, INT_8, INT_16, INT_32, INT_64, UINT_8, UINT_16, UINT_32, UINT_64, TIME_MILLIS, TIME_MICROS, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS, TIMESTAMP_MICROS

DELTA_BYTE_ARRAY:

BYTE_ARRAY, UTF8

DELTA_LENGTH_BYTE_ARRAY:

BYTE_ARRAY, UTF8

Tips
  • Some platforms don't support all kinds of encodings. If you are not sure, just use PLAIN and PLAIN_DICTIONARY.
  • If the fields have many different values, please don't use PLAIN_DICTIONARY encoding. Because it will record all the different values in a map which will use a lot of memory. Actually it use a 32-bit integer to store the index. It can not used if your unique values number is larger than 32-bit.
  • Large array values may be duplicated as min and max values in page stats, significantly increasing file size. If stats are not useful for such a field, they can be omitted from written files by adding omitstats=true to a field tag.

Repetition Type

There are three repetition types in Parquet: REQUIRED, OPTIONAL, REPEATED.

Repetition Type Example Description
REQUIRED V1 int32 `parquet:"name=v1, type=INT32"` No extra description
OPTIONAL V1 *int32 `parquet:"name=v1, type=INT32"` Declare as pointer
REPEATED V1 []int32 `parquet:"name=v1, type=INT32, repetitiontype=REPEATED"` Add 'repetitiontype=REPEATED' in tags
Tips
  • The difference between a List and a REPEATED variable is the 'repetitiontype' in tags. Although both of them are stored as slice in go, they are different in parquet. You can find the detail of List in parquet at here. I suggest just use a List.
  • For LIST and MAP, some existed parquet files use some nonstandard formats(see here). For standard format, parquet-go will convert them to go slice and go map. For nonstandard formats, parquet-go will convert them to corresponding structs.

Example of Type and Encoding

	Bool              bool    `parquet:"name=bool, type=BOOLEAN"`
	Int32             int32   `parquet:"name=int32, type=INT32"`
	Int64             int64   `parquet:"name=int64, type=INT64"`
	Int96             string  `parquet:"name=int96, type=INT96"`
	Float             float32 `parquet:"name=float, type=FLOAT"`
	Double            float64 `parquet:"name=double, type=DOUBLE"`
	ByteArray         string  `parquet:"name=bytearray, type=BYTE_ARRAY"`
	FixedLenByteArray string  `parquet:"name=FixedLenByteArray, type=FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY, length=10"`

	Utf8             string `parquet:"name=utf8, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, encoding=PLAIN_DICTIONARY"`
	Int_8            int32   `parquet:"name=int_8, type=INT32, convertedtype=INT32, convertedtype=INT_8"`
	Int_16           int32  `parquet:"name=int_16, type=INT32, convertedtype=INT_16"`
	Int_32           int32  `parquet:"name=int_32, type=INT32, convertedtype=INT_32"`
	Int_64           int64  `parquet:"name=int_64, type=INT64, convertedtype=INT_64"`
	Uint_8           int32  `parquet:"name=uint_8, type=INT32, convertedtype=UINT_8"`
	Uint_16          int32 `parquet:"name=uint_16, type=INT32, convertedtype=UINT_16"`
	Uint_32          int32 `parquet:"name=uint_32, type=INT32, convertedtype=UINT_32"`
	Uint_64          int64 `parquet:"name=uint_64, type=INT64, convertedtype=UINT_64"`
	Date             int32  `parquet:"name=date, type=INT32, convertedtype=DATE"`
	Date2            int32  `parquet:"name=date2, type=INT32, convertedtype=DATE, logicaltype=DATE"`
	TimeMillis       int32  `parquet:"name=timemillis, type=INT32, convertedtype=TIME_MILLIS"`
	TimeMillis2      int32  `parquet:"name=timemillis2, type=INT32, logicaltype=TIME, logicaltype.isadjustedtoutc=true, logicaltype.unit=MILLIS"`
	TimeMicros       int64  `parquet:"name=timemicros, type=INT64, convertedtype=TIME_MICROS"`
	TimeMicros2      int64  `parquet:"name=timemicros2, type=INT64, logicaltype=TIME, logicaltype.isadjustedtoutc=false, logicaltype.unit=MICROS"`
	TimestampMillis  int64  `parquet:"name=timestampmillis, type=INT64, convertedtype=TIMESTAMP_MILLIS"`
	TimestampMillis2 int64  `parquet:"name=timestampmillis2, type=INT64, logicaltype=TIMESTAMP, logicaltype.isadjustedtoutc=true, logicaltype.unit=MILLIS"`
	TimestampMicros  int64  `parquet:"name=timestampmicros, type=INT64, convertedtype=TIMESTAMP_MICROS"`
	TimestampMicros2 int64  `parquet:"name=timestampmicros2, type=INT64, logicaltype=TIMESTAMP, logicaltype.isadjustedtoutc=false, logicaltype.unit=MICROS"`
	Interval         string `parquet:"name=interval, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=INTERVAL"`

	Decimal1 int32  `parquet:"name=decimal1, type=INT32, convertedtype=DECIMAL, scale=2, precision=9"`
	Decimal2 int64  `parquet:"name=decimal2, type=INT64, convertedtype=DECIMAL, scale=2, precision=18"`
	Decimal3 string `parquet:"name=decimal3, type=FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=DECIMAL, scale=2, precision=10, length=12"`
	Decimal4 string `parquet:"name=decimal4, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=DECIMAL, scale=2, precision=20"`

	Decimal5 int32 `parquet:"name=decimal5, type=INT32, logicaltype=DECIMAL, logicaltype.precision=10, logicaltype.scale=2"`

	Map      map[string]int32 `parquet:"name=map, type=MAP, convertedtype=MAP, keytype=BYTE_ARRAY, keyconvertedtype=UTF8, valuetype=INT32"`
	List     []string         `parquet:"name=list, type=MAP, convertedtype=LIST, valuetype=BYTE_ARRAY, valueconvertedtype=UTF8"`
	Repeated []int32          `parquet:"name=repeated, type=INT32, repetitiontype=REPEATED"`

Compression Type

Type Support
CompressionCodec_UNCOMPRESSED YES
CompressionCodec_SNAPPY YES
CompressionCodec_GZIP YES
CompressionCodec_LZO NO
CompressionCodec_BROTLI NO
CompressionCodec_LZ4 YES
CompressionCodec_ZSTD YES

ParquetFile

Read/Write a parquet file need a ParquetFile interface implemented

type ParquetFile interface {
	io.Seeker
	io.Reader
	io.Writer
	io.Closer
	Open(name string) (ParquetFile, error)
	Create(name string) (ParquetFile, error)
}

Using this interface, parquet-go can read/write parquet file on different platforms. All the file sources are at parquet-go-source. Now it supports(local/hdfs/s3/gcs/memory).

Writer

Four Writers are supported: ParquetWriter, JSONWriter, CSVWriter, ArrowWriter.

Reader

Two Readers are supported: ParquetReader, ColumnReader

  • ParquetReader is used to read predefined Golang structs Example of ParquetReader

  • ColumnReader is used to read raw column data. The read function return 3 slices([value], [RepetitionLevel], [DefinitionLevel]) of the records. Example of ColumnReader

Tips

  • If the parquet file is very big (even the size of parquet file is small, the uncompressed size may be very large), please don't read all rows at one time, which may induce the OOM. You can read a small portion of the data at a time like a stream-oriented file.

  • RowGroupSize and PageSize may influence the final parquet file size. You can find the details from here. You can reset them in ParquetWriter

	pw.RowGroupSize = 128 * 1024 * 1024 // default 128M
	pw.PageSize = 8 * 1024 // default 8K

Schema

There are four methods to define the schema: go struct tags, Json, CSV, Arrow metadata. Only items in schema will be written and others will be ignored.

Tag
type Student struct {
	Name    string  `parquet:"name=name, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, encoding=PLAIN_DICTIONARY"`
	Age     int32   `parquet:"name=age, type=INT32, encoding=PLAIN"`
	Id      int64   `parquet:"name=id, type=INT64"`
	Weight  float32 `parquet:"name=weight, type=FLOAT"`
	Sex     bool    `parquet:"name=sex, type=BOOLEAN"`
	Day     int32   `parquet:"name=day, type=INT32, convertedtype=DATE"`
	Ignored int32   //without parquet tag and won't write
}

Example of tags

JSON

JSON schema can be used to define some complicated schema, which can't be defined by tag.

type Student struct {
	NameIn    string
	Age     int32
	Id      int64
	Weight  float32
	Sex     bool
	Classes []string
	Scores  map[string][]float32
	Ignored string

	Friends []struct {
		Name string
		Id   int64
	}
	Teachers []struct {
		Name string
		Id   int64
	}
}

var jsonSchema string = `
{
  "Tag": "name=parquet_go_root, repetitiontype=REQUIRED",
  "Fields": [
    {"Tag": "name=name, inname=NameIn, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
    {"Tag": "name=age, inname=Age, type=INT32, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
    {"Tag": "name=id, inname=Id, type=INT64, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
    {"Tag": "name=weight, inname=Weight, type=FLOAT, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
    {"Tag": "name=sex, inname=Sex, type=BOOLEAN, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},

    {"Tag": "name=classes, inname=Classes, type=LIST, repetitiontype=REQUIRED",
     "Fields": [{"Tag": "name=element, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"}]
    },

    {
      "Tag": "name=scores, inname=Scores, type=MAP, repetitiontype=REQUIRED",
      "Fields": [
        {"Tag": "name=key, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
        {"Tag": "name=value, type=LIST, repetitiontype=REQUIRED",
         "Fields": [{"Tag": "name=element, type=FLOAT, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"}]
        }
      ]
    },

    {
      "Tag": "name=friends, inname=Friends, type=LIST, repetitiontype=REQUIRED",
      "Fields": [
       {"Tag": "name=element, repetitiontype=REQUIRED",
        "Fields": [
         {"Tag": "name=name, inname=Name, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
         {"Tag": "name=id, inname=Id, type=INT64, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"}
        ]}
      ]
    },

    {
      "Tag": "name=teachers, inname=Teachers, repetitiontype=REPEATED",
      "Fields": [
        {"Tag": "name=name, inname=Name, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"},
        {"Tag": "name=id, inname=Id, type=INT64, repetitiontype=REQUIRED"}
      ]
    }
  ]
}
`

Example of JSON schema

CSV metadata
	md := []string{
		"name=Name, type=BYTE_ARRAY, convertedtype=UTF8, encoding=PLAIN_DICTIONARY",
		"name=Age, type=INT32",
		"name=Id, type=INT64",
		"name=Weight, type=FLOAT",
		"name=Sex, type=BOOLEAN",
	}

Example of CSV metadata

Arrow metadata
	schema := arrow.NewSchema(
		[]arrow.Field{
			{Name: "int64", Type: arrow.PrimitiveTypes.Int64},
			{Name: "float64", Type: arrow.PrimitiveTypes.Float64},
			{Name: "str", Type: arrow.BinaryTypes.String},
		},
		nil,
	)

Example of Arrow metadata

Tips
  • Parquet-go reads data as an object in Golang and every field must be a public field, which start with an upper letter. This field name we call it InName. Field name in parquet file we call it ExName. Function common.HeadToUpper converts ExName to InName. There are some restriction:
  1. It's not allowed if two field names are only different at their first letter case. Such as name and Name.
  2. PARGO_PREFIX_ is a reserved string, which you'd better not use it as a name prefix. (#294)
  3. Use \x01 as the delimiter of fields to support . in some field name.(dot_in_name.go, #349)

Concurrency

Marshal/Unmarshal is the most time consuming process in writing/reading. To improve the performance, parquet-go can use multiple goroutines to marshal/unmarshal the objects. You can set the concurrent number parameter np in the Read/Write initial functions.

func NewParquetReader(pFile ParquetFile.ParquetFile, obj interface{}, np int64) (*ParquetReader, error)
func NewParquetWriter(pFile ParquetFile.ParquetFile, obj interface{}, np int64) (*ParquetWriter, error)
func NewJSONWriter(jsonSchema string, pfile ParquetFile.ParquetFile, np int64) (*JSONWriter, error)
func NewCSVWriter(md []string, pfile ParquetFile.ParquetFile, np int64) (*CSVWriter, error)
func NewArrowWriter(arrowSchema *arrow.Schema, pfile source.ParquetFile, np int64) (*ArrowWriter error)

Examples

Example file Descriptions
local_flat.go write/read parquet file with no nested struct
local_nested.go write/read parquet file with nested struct
read_partial.go read partial fields from a parquet file
read_partial2.go read sub-struct from a parquet file
read_without_schema_predefined.go read a parquet file and no struct/schema predefined needed
read_partial_without_schema_predefined.go read sub-struct from a parquet file and no struct/schema predefined needed
json_schema.go define schema using json string
json_write.go convert json to parquet
convert_to_json.go convert parquet to json
csv_write.go special csv writer
column_read.go read raw column data and return value,repetitionLevel,definitionLevel
type.go example for schema of types
type_alias.go example for type alias
writer.go create ParquetWriter from io.Writer
keyvalue_metadata.go write keyvalue metadata
dot_in_name.go . in filed name
arrow_to_parquet.go write/read parquet file using arrow definition

Tool

  • parquet-tools: Command line tools that aid in the inspection of Parquet files

Please start to use it and give feedback or just star it! Help is needed and anything is welcome.

Directories

Path Synopsis
tool
parquet-tools
parquet-tools/schematool
parquet-tools/sizetool

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