chaincode

package
v2.1.0 Latest Latest
Warning

This package is not in the latest version of its module.

 Go to latest Published: Apr 15, 2020 License: Apache-2.0 Imports: 29 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const DevModeUserRunsChaincode string = "dev"

DevModeUserRunsChaincode enables chaincode execution in a development environment

View Source 
const (
	// InitializedKeyName is the reserved key in a chaincode's namespace which
	// records the ID of the chaincode which initialized the namespace.
	// In this way, we can enforce Init exactly once semantics, whenever
	// the backing chaincode bytes change (but not be required to re-initialize
	// the chaincode say, when endorsement policy changes).
	InitializedKeyName = "\x00" + string(utf8.MaxRune) + "initialized"
)

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func IsDevMode 

func IsDevMode() bool

IsDevMode returns true if the peer was configured with development-mode enabled.

func NewTxKey 

func NewTxKey(channelID, txID string) string

func ParseName 

func ParseName(ccName string) *sysccprovider.ChaincodeInstance

ParseName parses a chaincode name into a ChaincodeInstance. The name should be of the form "chaincode-name:version/channel-name" with optional elements.

Types

type ACLProvider 

type ACLProvider interface {
	CheckACL(resName string, channelID string, idinfo interface{}) error
}

An ACLProvider performs access control checks when invoking chaincode.

type ActiveTransactions 

type ActiveTransactions struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewActiveTransactions 

func NewActiveTransactions() *ActiveTransactions

func (*ActiveTransactions) Add 

func (a *ActiveTransactions) Add(channelID, txID string) bool

func (*ActiveTransactions) Remove 

func (a *ActiveTransactions) Remove(channelID, txID string)

type ApplicationConfigRetriever 

type ApplicationConfigRetriever interface {
	// GetApplicationConfig returns the channelconfig.Application for the channel
	// and whether the Application config exists
	GetApplicationConfig(cid string) (channelconfig.Application, bool)
}

ApplicationConfigRetriever to retrieve the application configuration for a channel

type CertGenerator 

type CertGenerator interface {
	// Generate returns a certificate and private key and associates
	// the hash of the certificates with the given chaincode name
	Generate(ccName string) (*accesscontrol.CertAndPrivKeyPair, error)
}

CertGenerator generates client certificates for chaincode.

type ChaincodeSupport 

type ChaincodeSupport struct {
	ACLProvider            ACLProvider
	AppConfig              ApplicationConfigRetriever
	BuiltinSCCs            scc.BuiltinSCCs
	DeployedCCInfoProvider ledger.DeployedChaincodeInfoProvider
	ExecuteTimeout         time.Duration
	InstallTimeout         time.Duration
	HandlerMetrics         *HandlerMetrics
	HandlerRegistry        *HandlerRegistry
	Keepalive              time.Duration
	Launcher               Launcher
	Lifecycle              Lifecycle
	Peer                   *peer.Peer
	Runtime                Runtime
	TotalQueryLimit        int
	UserRunsCC             bool
}

ChaincodeSupport responsible for providing interfacing with chaincodes from the Peer.

func (*ChaincodeSupport) CheckInvocation 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) CheckInvocation(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams, chaincodeName string, input *pb.ChaincodeInput) (ccid string, cctype pb.ChaincodeMessage_Type, err error)

CheckInvocation inspects the parameters of an invocation and determines if, how, and to where a that invocation should be routed. First, we ensure that the target namespace is defined on the channel and invokable on this peer, according to the lifecycle implementation. Then, if the chaincode definition requires it, this function enforces 'init exactly once' semantics. Finally, it returns the chaincode ID to route to and the message type of the request (normal transation, or init).

func (*ChaincodeSupport) Execute 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) Execute(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams, chaincodeName string, input *pb.ChaincodeInput) (*pb.Response, *pb.ChaincodeEvent, error)

Execute invokes chaincode and returns the original response.

func (*ChaincodeSupport) ExecuteLegacyInit 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) ExecuteLegacyInit(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams, ccName, ccVersion string, input *pb.ChaincodeInput) (*pb.Response, *pb.ChaincodeEvent, error)

ExecuteLegacyInit is a temporary method which should be removed once the old style lifecycle is entirely deprecated. Ideally one release after the introduction of the new lifecycle. It does not attempt to start the chaincode based on the information from lifecycle, but instead accepts the container information directly in the form of a ChaincodeDeploymentSpec.

func (*ChaincodeSupport) HandleChaincodeStream 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) HandleChaincodeStream(stream ccintf.ChaincodeStream) error

HandleChaincodeStream implements ccintf.HandleChaincodeStream for all vms to call with appropriate stream

func (*ChaincodeSupport) Invoke 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) Invoke(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams, chaincodeName string, input *pb.ChaincodeInput) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Invoke will invoke chaincode and return the message containing the response. The chaincode will be launched if it is not already running.

func (*ChaincodeSupport) Launch 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) Launch(ccid string) (*Handler, error)

Launch starts executing chaincode if it is not already running. This method blocks until the peer side handler gets into ready state or encounters a fatal error. If the chaincode is already running, it simply returns.

func (*ChaincodeSupport) LaunchInProc 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) LaunchInProc(ccid string) <-chan struct{}

LaunchInProc is a stopgap solution to be called by the inproccontroller to allow system chaincodes to register

func (*ChaincodeSupport) Register 

func (cs *ChaincodeSupport) Register(stream pb.ChaincodeSupport_RegisterServer) error

Register the bidi stream entry point called by chaincode to register with the Peer.

type CollectionACLCache 

type CollectionACLCache map[string]*readWritePermission

CollectionACLCache encapsulates a cache that stores read write permission on a collection

type Config 

type Config struct {
	TotalQueryLimit int
	TLSEnabled      bool
	Keepalive       time.Duration
	ExecuteTimeout  time.Duration
	InstallTimeout  time.Duration
	StartupTimeout  time.Duration
	LogFormat       string
	LogLevel        string
	ShimLogLevel    string
	SCCWhitelist    map[string]bool
}

func GlobalConfig 

func GlobalConfig() *Config

type ConnectionHandler 

type ConnectionHandler interface {
	Stream(ccid string, ccinfo *ccintf.ChaincodeServerInfo, sHandler extcc.StreamHandler) error
}

ConnectionHandler handles the `Chaincode` client connection

type ContainerRouter 

type ContainerRouter interface {
	Build(ccid string) error
	ChaincodeServerInfo(ccid string) (*ccintf.ChaincodeServerInfo, error)
	Start(ccid string, peerConnection *ccintf.PeerConnection) error
	Stop(ccid string) error
	Wait(ccid string) (int, error)
}

ContainerRouter is a poor abstraction used for building, and running chaincode processes. This management probably does not belong in this package, chaincode process lifecycle should be driven by what chaincodes are defined, what chaincodes are instantiated, and not driven by invocations. But, the legacy lifecycle makes this very challenging. Once the legacy lifecycle is removed (or perhaps before), this interface should probably go away entirely.

type ContainerRuntime 

type ContainerRuntime struct {
	ContainerRouter ContainerRouter
	BuildRegistry   *container.BuildRegistry
}

ContainerRuntime is responsible for managing containerized chaincode.

func (*ContainerRuntime) Build 

func (c *ContainerRuntime) Build(ccid string) (*ccintf.ChaincodeServerInfo, error)

Build builds the chaincode if necessary and returns ChaincodeServerInfo if the chaincode is a server

func (*ContainerRuntime) Start 

func (c *ContainerRuntime) Start(ccid string, ccinfo *ccintf.PeerConnection) error

Start launches chaincode in a runtime environment.

func (*ContainerRuntime) Stop 

func (c *ContainerRuntime) Stop(ccid string) error

Stop terminates chaincode and its container runtime environment.

func (*ContainerRuntime) Wait 

func (c *ContainerRuntime) Wait(ccid string) (int, error)

Wait waits for the container runtime to terminate.

type ContextRegistry 

type ContextRegistry interface {
	Create(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams) (*TransactionContext, error)
	Get(chainID, txID string) *TransactionContext
	Delete(chainID, txID string)
	Close()
}

A ContextRegistry is responsible for managing transaction contexts.

type Handler 

type Handler struct {
	// Keepalive specifies the interval at which keep-alive messages are sent.
	Keepalive time.Duration
	// TotalQueryLimit specifies the maximum number of results to return for
	// chaincode queries.
	TotalQueryLimit int
	// Invoker is used to invoke chaincode.
	Invoker Invoker
	// Registry is used to track active handlers.
	Registry Registry
	// ACLProvider is used to check if a chaincode invocation should be allowed.
	ACLProvider ACLProvider
	// TXContexts is a collection of TransactionContext instances
	// that are accessed by channel name and transaction ID.
	TXContexts ContextRegistry
	// activeTransactions holds active transaction identifiers.
	ActiveTransactions TransactionRegistry
	// BuiltinSCCs can be used to determine if a name is associated with a system chaincode
	BuiltinSCCs scc.BuiltinSCCs
	// QueryResponseBuilder is used to build query responses
	QueryResponseBuilder QueryResponseBuilder
	// LedgerGetter is used to get the ledger associated with a channel
	LedgerGetter LedgerGetter
	// DeployedCCInfoProvider is used to initialize the Collection Store
	DeployedCCInfoProvider ledger.DeployedChaincodeInfoProvider
	// UUIDGenerator is used to generate UUIDs
	UUIDGenerator UUIDGenerator
	// AppConfig is used to retrieve the application config for a channel
	AppConfig ApplicationConfigRetriever
	// Metrics holds chaincode handler metrics
	Metrics *HandlerMetrics
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Handler implements the peer side of the chaincode stream.

func (*Handler) Close 

func (h *Handler) Close()

func (*Handler) Execute 

func (h *Handler) Execute(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams, namespace string, msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, timeout time.Duration) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

func (*Handler) HandleDelState 

func (h *Handler) HandleDelState(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

func (*Handler) HandleGetHistoryForKey 

func (h *Handler) HandleGetHistoryForKey(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles query to ledger history db

func (*Handler) HandleGetPrivateDataHash 

func (h *Handler) HandleGetPrivateDataHash(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

func (*Handler) HandleGetQueryResult 

func (h *Handler) HandleGetQueryResult(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles query to ledger to execute query state

func (*Handler) HandleGetState 

func (h *Handler) HandleGetState(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles query to ledger to get state

func (*Handler) HandleGetStateByRange 

func (h *Handler) HandleGetStateByRange(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles query to ledger to rage query state

func (*Handler) HandleGetStateMetadata 

func (h *Handler) HandleGetStateMetadata(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles query to ledger to get state metadata

func (*Handler) HandleInvokeChaincode 

func (h *Handler) HandleInvokeChaincode(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles requests that modify ledger state

func (*Handler) HandlePutState 

func (h *Handler) HandlePutState(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

func (*Handler) HandlePutStateMetadata 

func (h *Handler) HandlePutStateMetadata(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

func (*Handler) HandleQueryStateClose 

func (h *Handler) HandleQueryStateClose(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles the closing of a state iterator

func (*Handler) HandleQueryStateNext 

func (h *Handler) HandleQueryStateNext(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, txContext *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)

Handles query to ledger for query state next

func (*Handler) HandleRegister 

func (h *Handler) HandleRegister(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage)

handleRegister is invoked when chaincode tries to register.

func (*Handler) HandleTransaction 

func (h *Handler) HandleTransaction(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage, delegate handleFunc)

HandleTransaction is a middleware function that obtains and verifies a transaction context prior to forwarding the message to the provided delegate. Response messages returned by the delegate are sent to the chat stream. Any errors returned by the delegate are packaged as chaincode error messages.

func (*Handler) Notify 

func (h *Handler) Notify(msg *pb.ChaincodeMessage)

func (*Handler) ProcessStream 

func (h *Handler) ProcessStream(stream ccintf.ChaincodeStream) error

func (*Handler) State 

func (h *Handler) State() State

type HandlerMetrics 

type HandlerMetrics struct {
	ShimRequestsReceived  metrics.Counter
	ShimRequestsCompleted metrics.Counter
	ShimRequestDuration   metrics.Histogram
	ExecuteTimeouts       metrics.Counter
}

func NewHandlerMetrics 

func NewHandlerMetrics(p metrics.Provider) *HandlerMetrics

type HandlerRegistry 

type HandlerRegistry struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

HandlerRegistry maintains chaincode Handler instances.

func NewHandlerRegistry 

func NewHandlerRegistry(allowUnsolicitedRegistration bool) *HandlerRegistry

NewHandlerRegistry constructs a HandlerRegistry.

func (*HandlerRegistry) Deregister 

func (r *HandlerRegistry) Deregister(ccid string) error

Deregister clears references to state associated specified chaincode. As part of the cleanup, it closes the handler so it can cleanup any state. If the registry does not contain the provided handler, an error is returned.

func (*HandlerRegistry) Failed 

func (r *HandlerRegistry) Failed(ccid string, err error)

Failed indicates that registration of a launched chaincode has failed.

func (*HandlerRegistry) Handler 

func (r *HandlerRegistry) Handler(ccid string) *Handler

Handler retrieves the handler for a chaincode instance.

func (*HandlerRegistry) Launching 

func (r *HandlerRegistry) Launching(ccid string) (*LaunchState, bool)

Launching indicates that chaincode is being launched. The LaunchState that is returned provides mechanisms to determine when the operation has completed and whether or not it failed. The bool indicates whether or not the chaincode has already been started.

func (*HandlerRegistry) Ready 

func (r *HandlerRegistry) Ready(ccid string)

Ready indicates that the chaincode registration has completed and the READY response has been sent to the chaincode.

func (*HandlerRegistry) Register 

func (r *HandlerRegistry) Register(h *Handler) error

Register adds a chaincode handler to the registry. An error will be returned if a handler is already registered for the chaincode. An error will also be returned if the chaincode has not already been "launched", and unsolicited registration is not allowed.

type Invoker 

type Invoker interface {
	Invoke(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams, chaincodeName string, spec *pb.ChaincodeInput) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)
}

An Invoker invokes chaincode.

type LaunchMetrics 

type LaunchMetrics struct {
	LaunchDuration metrics.Histogram
	LaunchFailures metrics.Counter
	LaunchTimeouts metrics.Counter
}

func NewLaunchMetrics 

func NewLaunchMetrics(p metrics.Provider) *LaunchMetrics

type LaunchRegistry 

type LaunchRegistry interface {
	Launching(ccid string) (launchState *LaunchState, started bool)
	Deregister(ccid string) error
}

LaunchRegistry tracks launching chaincode instances.

type LaunchState 

type LaunchState struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewLaunchState 

func NewLaunchState() *LaunchState

func (*LaunchState) Done 

func (l *LaunchState) Done() <-chan struct{}

func (*LaunchState) Err 

func (l *LaunchState) Err() error

func (*LaunchState) Notify 

func (l *LaunchState) Notify(err error)

type Launcher 

type Launcher interface {
	Launch(ccid string, streamHandler extcc.StreamHandler) error
	Stop(ccid string) error
}

Launcher is used to launch chaincode runtimes.

type LedgerGetter 

type LedgerGetter interface {
	GetLedger(cid string) ledger.PeerLedger
}

LedgerGetter is used to get ledgers for chaincode.

type Lifecycle 

type Lifecycle interface {
	// ChaincodeEndorsementInfo looks up the chaincode info in the given channel.  It is the responsibility
	// of the implementation to add appropriate read dependencies for the information returned.
	ChaincodeEndorsementInfo(channelID, chaincodeName string, qe ledger.SimpleQueryExecutor) (*lifecycle.ChaincodeEndorsementInfo, error)
}

Lifecycle provides a way to retrieve chaincode definitions and the packages necessary to run them

type MessageHandler 

type MessageHandler interface {
	Handle(*pb.ChaincodeMessage, *TransactionContext) (*pb.ChaincodeMessage, error)
}

type PendingQueryResult 

type PendingQueryResult struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func (*PendingQueryResult) Add 

func (p *PendingQueryResult) Add(queryResult commonledger.QueryResult) error

func (*PendingQueryResult) Cut 

func (p *PendingQueryResult) Cut() []*pb.QueryResultBytes

func (*PendingQueryResult) Size 

func (p *PendingQueryResult) Size() int

type QueryResponseBuilder 

type QueryResponseBuilder interface {
	BuildQueryResponse(txContext *TransactionContext, iter commonledger.ResultsIterator,
		iterID string, isPaginated bool, totalReturnLimit int32) (*pb.QueryResponse, error)
}

QueryResponseBuilder is responsible for building QueryResponse messages for query transactions initiated by chaincode.

type QueryResponseGenerator 

type QueryResponseGenerator struct {
	MaxResultLimit int
}

func (*QueryResponseGenerator) BuildQueryResponse 

func (q *QueryResponseGenerator) BuildQueryResponse(txContext *TransactionContext, iter commonledger.ResultsIterator,
	iterID string, isPaginated bool, totalReturnLimit int32) (*pb.QueryResponse, error)

BuildQueryResponse takes an iterator and fetch state to construct QueryResponse

type Registry 

type Registry interface {
	Register(*Handler) error
	Ready(string)
	Failed(string, error)
	Deregister(string) error
}

A Registry is responsible for tracking handlers.

type Runtime 

type Runtime interface {
	Build(ccid string) (*ccintf.ChaincodeServerInfo, error)
	Start(ccid string, ccinfo *ccintf.PeerConnection) error
	Stop(ccid string) error
	Wait(ccid string) (int, error)
}

Runtime is used to manage chaincode runtime instances.

type RuntimeLauncher 

type RuntimeLauncher struct {
	Runtime           Runtime
	Registry          LaunchRegistry
	StartupTimeout    time.Duration
	Metrics           *LaunchMetrics
	PeerAddress       string
	CACert            []byte
	CertGenerator     CertGenerator
	ConnectionHandler ConnectionHandler
}

RuntimeLauncher is responsible for launching chaincode runtimes.

func (*RuntimeLauncher) ChaincodeClientInfo 

func (r *RuntimeLauncher) ChaincodeClientInfo(ccid string) (*ccintf.PeerConnection, error)

func (*RuntimeLauncher) Launch 

func (r *RuntimeLauncher) Launch(ccid string, streamHandler extcc.StreamHandler) error

func (*RuntimeLauncher) Stop 

func (r *RuntimeLauncher) Stop(ccid string) error

type State 

type State int
const (
	Created State = iota
	Established
	Ready
)

func (State) String 

func (s State) String() string

type TransactionContext 

type TransactionContext struct {
	ChannelID            string
	NamespaceID          string
	SignedProp           *pb.SignedProposal
	Proposal             *pb.Proposal
	ResponseNotifier     chan *pb.ChaincodeMessage
	TXSimulator          ledger.TxSimulator
	HistoryQueryExecutor ledger.HistoryQueryExecutor
	CollectionStore      privdata.CollectionStore
	IsInitTransaction    bool

	// cache used to save the result of collection acl
	// as a transactionContext is created for every chaincode
	// invoke (even in case of chaincode-calling-chaincode,
	// we do not need to store the namespace in the map and
	// collection alone is sufficient.
	CollectionACLCache CollectionACLCache
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func (*TransactionContext) CleanupQueryContext 

func (t *TransactionContext) CleanupQueryContext(queryID string)

func (*TransactionContext) CleanupQueryContextWithBookmark 

func (t *TransactionContext) CleanupQueryContextWithBookmark(queryID string) string

func (*TransactionContext) CloseQueryIterators 

func (t *TransactionContext) CloseQueryIterators()

func (*TransactionContext) GetPendingQueryResult 

func (t *TransactionContext) GetPendingQueryResult(queryID string) *PendingQueryResult

func (*TransactionContext) GetQueryIterator 

func (t *TransactionContext) GetQueryIterator(queryID string) commonledger.ResultsIterator

func (*TransactionContext) GetTotalReturnCount 

func (t *TransactionContext) GetTotalReturnCount(queryID string) *int32

func (*TransactionContext) InitializeCollectionACLCache 

func (t *TransactionContext) InitializeCollectionACLCache()

func (*TransactionContext) InitializeQueryContext 

func (t *TransactionContext) InitializeQueryContext(queryID string, iter commonledger.ResultsIterator)

type TransactionContexts 

type TransactionContexts struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

TransactionContexts maintains active transaction contexts for a Handler.

func NewTransactionContexts 

func NewTransactionContexts() *TransactionContexts

NewTransactionContexts creates a registry for active transaction contexts.

func (*TransactionContexts) Close 

func (c *TransactionContexts) Close()

Close closes all query iterators assocated with the context.

func (*TransactionContexts) Create 

func (c *TransactionContexts) Create(txParams *ccprovider.TransactionParams) (*TransactionContext, error)

Create creates a new TransactionContext for the specified channel and transaction ID. An error is returned when a transaction context has already been created for the specified channel and transaction ID.

func (*TransactionContexts) Delete 

func (c *TransactionContexts) Delete(channelID, txID string)

Delete removes the transaction context associated with the specified channel and transaction ID.

func (*TransactionContexts) Get 

func (c *TransactionContexts) Get(channelID, txID string) *TransactionContext

Get retrieves the transaction context associated with the channel and transaction ID.

type TransactionRegistry 

type TransactionRegistry interface {
	Add(channelID, txID string) bool
	Remove(channelID, txID string)
}

TransactionRegistry tracks active transactions for each channel.

type TxQueryExecutorGetter 

type TxQueryExecutorGetter struct {
	HandlerRegistry *HandlerRegistry
	CCID            string
}

func (*TxQueryExecutorGetter) TxQueryExecutor 

func (g *TxQueryExecutorGetter) TxQueryExecutor(chainID, txID string) ledger.SimpleQueryExecutor

type UUIDGenerator 

type UUIDGenerator interface {
	New() string
}

UUIDGenerator is responsible for creating unique query identifiers.

type UUIDGeneratorFunc 

type UUIDGeneratorFunc func() string

func (UUIDGeneratorFunc) New 

func (u UUIDGeneratorFunc) New() string

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
mock
Code generated by counterfeiter.
 Code generated by counterfeiter.
Code generated by counterfeiter.
 Code generated by counterfeiter.
mock
Code generated by counterfeiter.
 Code generated by counterfeiter.
Code generated by counterfeiter.
 Code generated by counterfeiter.
mock
Code generated by counterfeiter.
 Code generated by counterfeiter.
golang
java
mock
Code generated by counterfeiter.
 Code generated by counterfeiter.
node
util

Jump to

Keyboard shortcuts

? : This menu
/ : Search site
f or F : Jump to
y or Y : Canonical URL
go.dev uses cookies from Google to deliver and enhance the quality of its services and to analyze traffic. Learn more.