context

Documentation

Overview

Package context defines the Context type, which carries deadlines, cancelation signals, and other request-scoped values across API boundaries and between processes. As of Go 1.7 this package is available in the standard library under the name context. https://golang.org/pkg/context.

Incoming requests to a server should create a Context, and outgoing calls to servers should accept a Context. The chain of function calls between must propagate the Context, optionally replacing it with a modified copy created using WithDeadline, WithTimeout, WithCancel, or WithValue.

Programs that use Contexts should follow these rules to keep interfaces consistent across packages and enable static analysis tools to check context propagation:

Do not store Contexts inside a struct type; instead, pass a Context explicitly to each function that needs it. The Context should be the first parameter, typically named ctx:

func DoSomething(ctx context.Context, arg Arg) error {
	// ... use ctx ...
}

Do not pass a nil Context, even if a function permits it. Pass context.TODO if you are unsure about which Context to use.

Use context Values only for request-scoped data that transits processes and APIs, not for passing optional parameters to functions.

The same Context may be passed to functions running in different goroutines; Contexts are safe for simultaneous use by multiple goroutines.

See http://blog.golang.org/context for example code for a server that uses Contexts.

Index

• Variables
• func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)
• func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc)
• func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc)

Examples

• WithTimeout

Variables

var CancelFunc = context.CancelFunc

A CancelFunc tells an operation to abandon its work. A CancelFunc does not wait for the work to stop. After the first call, subsequent calls to a CancelFunc do nothing.

var Canceled = context.Canceled

Canceled is the error returned by Context.Err when the context is canceled.

var Context = context.Context

A Context carries a deadline, a cancelation signal, and other values across API boundaries.

Context's methods may be called by multiple goroutines simultaneously.

var DeadlineExceeded = context.DeadlineExceeded

DeadlineExceeded is the error returned by Context.Err when the context's deadline passes.

Functions

func WithCancel

func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)

WithCancel returns a copy of parent with a new Done channel. The returned context's Done channel is closed when the returned cancel function is called or when the parent context's Done channel is closed, whichever happens first.

Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete.

func WithDeadline

func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc)

WithDeadline returns a copy of the parent context with the deadline adjusted to be no later than d. If the parent's deadline is already earlier than d, WithDeadline(parent, d) is semantically equivalent to parent. The returned context's Done channel is closed when the deadline expires, when the returned cancel function is called, or when the parent context's Done channel is closed, whichever happens first.

Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete.

func WithTimeout

func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc)

WithTimeout returns WithDeadline(parent, time.Now().Add(timeout)).

Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete:

func slowOperationWithTimeout(ctx context.Context) (Result, error) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond)
	defer cancel()  // releases resources if slowOperation completes before timeout elapses
	return slowOperation(ctx)
}

Example

This example passes a context with a timeout to tell a blocking function that it should abandon its work after the timeout elapses.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

func main() {
	// Pass a context with a timeout to tell a blocking function that it
	// should abandon its work after the timeout elapses.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
	defer cancel()

	select {
	case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
		fmt.Println("overslept")
	case <-ctx.Done():
		fmt.Println(ctx.Err()) // prints "context deadline exceeded"
	}

}

Output:

context deadline exceeded