README
¶
Iris
Iris is a fast, simple and efficient micro web framework for Go. It provides a beautifully expressive and easy to use foundation for your next website, API, or distributed app.
We have no doubt you will able to find other web frameworks written in Go and even put up a real fight to learn and use them for quite some time but make no mistake, sooner or later you will be using Iris, not because of the ergonomic, high-performant solution that it provides but its well-documented unique features, as these will transform you to a real rockstar geek.
No matter what you're trying to build, Iris covers every type of application, from micro services to large monolithic web applications. It's actually the best piece of software for back-end web developers you can find online.
Iris may have reached version 8, but we're not stopping there. We have many feature ideas on our board that we're anxious to add and other innovative web development solutions that we're planning to build into Iris.
Star and watch this github repository to stay up to date.
Iris was built on top of the the net/http package, we own many thanks to Brad Fitzpatrick for that.
Accelerated by KeyCDN, A Simple, Fast and Reliable CDN.
We are developing this project using the best code editor for Golang; Visual Studio Code supported by Microsoft.
📑 Table of contents
- Installation
- Latest changes
- Learn
- HTTP Listening
- Configuration
- Routing, Grouping, Dynamic Path Parameters, "Macros" and Custom Context
- MVC (Model View Controller) NEW
- Subdomains
- Wrap
http.Handler/HandlerFunc - View
- Authentication
- File Server
- How to Read from
context.Request() *http.Request - How to Write to
context.ResponseWriter() http.ResponseWriter - Test
- Cache
- Sessions
- Websockets
- Miscellaneous
- POC: Convert the medium-sized project "Parrot" from native to Iris
- Typescript Automation Tools
- Tutorial: Online Visitors
- Tutorial: Caddy
- Middleware
- Dockerize
- Community & Support
- Blogs
- Iris Go vs .NET Core Kestrel in terms of HTTP performance
- Go vs .NET Core in terms of HTTP performance
- Iris, a modular web framework
- Deploying a Iris Golang app in hasura
- How to Turn an Android Device into a Web Server
- A URL Shortener Service using Go, Iris and Bolt
- Why I preferred Go over Node.js for simple Web Application
- Versioning
- People
🚀 Installation
The only requirement is the Go Programming Language, at least version 1.8 but 1.9 is highly recommended.
$ go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
iris takes advantage of the vendor directory feature. You get truly reproducible builds, as this method guards against upstream renames and deletes.
// file: main.go
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// Load all templates from the "./views" folder
// where extension is ".html" and parse them
// using the standard `html/template` package.
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// Bind: {{.message}} with "Hello world!"
ctx.ViewData("message", "Hello world!")
// Render template file: ./views/hello.html
ctx.View("hello.html")
})
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080/user/42
app.Get("/user/{id:long}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
userID, _ := ctx.Params().GetInt64("id")
ctx.Writef("User ID: %d", userID)
})
// Start the server using a network address.
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
<!-- file: ./views/hello.html -->
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{.message}}</h1>
</body>
</html>
$ go run main.go
> Now listening on: http://localhost:8080
> Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.
Examples and docs are updated to Go 1.9, please refer to that section before anything else.
Hello World with Go 1.8
Iris declares all of its type alias at the same file in order to be easy to be discovered.
If you just upgraded to go 1.9 from 1.8 you can always search for a compatible type alias at the context.go file and opposite, if you use go 1.8 and you're new to Iris you can see that file to see the compatible packages.
If Go 1.8 remains the basic host for your go apps then you should declare and use the github.com/kataras/iris/context package on your source file's imports statement.
package main
import (
"github.com/kataras/iris"
"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
)
func main() {
app := iris.New()
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./templates", ".html"))
app.Get("/", func(ctx context.Context) {
ctx.ViewData("message", "Hello world!")
ctx.View("hello.html")
})
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
Fan of the MVC Architectural Pattern? Click here
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
func main() {
app := iris.New()
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
app.Controller("/", new(Controller))
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
type Controller struct {
iris.Controller
}
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080
func (c *Controller) Get() {
c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
c.Tmpl = "hello.html"
}
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080/user/42
func (c *Controller) GetUserBy(id int64) {
c.Ctx.Writef("User ID: %d", id)
}
Why a new web framework
Why
Go is a great technology stack for building scalable, web-based, back-end systems for web applications.
When you think about building web applications and web APIs, or simply building HTTP servers in Go, does your mind go to the standard net/http package? Then you have to deal with some common situations like dynamic routing (a.k.a parameterized), security and authentication, real-time communication and many other issues that net/http doesn't solve.
The net/http package is not complete enough to quickly build well-designed back-end web systems. When you realize this, you might be thinking along these lines:
- Ok, the net/http package doesn't suit me, but there are so many frameworks, which one will work for me?!
- Each one of them tells me that it is the best. I don't know what to do!
I did some deep research and benchmarks with 'wrk' and 'ab' in order to choose which framework would suit me and my new project. The results, sadly, were really disappointing to me.
I started wondering if golang wasn't as fast on the web as I had read... but, before I let Golang go and continued to develop with nodejs, I told myself:
'Makis, don't lose hope, give at least a chance to Golang. Try to build something totally new without basing it off the "slow" code you saw earlier; learn the secrets of this language and make others follow your steps!'.
These are the words I told myself that day [13 March 2016].
The same day, later the night, I was reading a book about Greek mythology. I saw an ancient goddess' name and was inspired immediately to give a name to this new web framework (which I had already started writing) - Iris.
I'm still here because Iris has succeed in being the fastest go web framework
iris is easy, it has a familiar API while in the same has far more features than Gin or Martini.
You own your code —it will never generate (unfamiliar) code for you, like Beego, Revel and Buffalo do.
It's not just-another-router but its overall performance is equivalent with something like httprouter.
Unlike fasthttp, iris provides full HTTP/2 support for free.
Compared to the rest open source projects, this one is very active and you get answers almost immediately.
🔥 Hot Features
- Focus on high performance
- Easy Fluent API
- Highly customizable
- Robust routing and middleware ecosystem
- Build RESTful APIs with iris unique expressionist path interpreter
- Dynamic path parameterized or wildcard routes are not conflict with static routes
- Remove trailing slash from the URL with option to redirect
- Virtual hosts and subdomains made easy
- Group API's and static or even dynamic subdomains
- MVC NEW
net/httpandnegroni-likehandlers are compatible viairis.FromStd- Register custom handlers for any HTTP error
- Transactions and rollback when you need it
- Cache the response when you need it
- A single function to serve your embedded assets, always compatible with
go-bindata - HTTP to HTTPS
- HTTP to HTTPS WWW
- learn the reasons that differ from what you've seen so far
- Context
- Highly scalable rich content render (Markdown, JSON, JSONP, XML...)
- Body binders and handy functions to send HTTP responses
- Limit request body
- Serve static resources or embedded assets
- Localization i18N
- Compression (Gzip is built'n)
- Authentication
- Basic Authentication
- OAuth, OAuth2 supporting 27+ popular websites
- JWT
- Server
- Automatically install and serve certificates from https://letsencrypt.org when serving via TLS
- Gracefully shutdown by-default
- Register on shutdown, error or interrupt events
- Attach more than one server, fully compatible with
net/http#Server
- View system: supporting 5 template engines. Fully compatible with
html/template - HTTP Sessions library [you can still use your favorite if you want to]
- Websocket library, its API similar to socket.io [you can still use your favorite if you want to]
- Hot Reload on source code changes*
- Typescript integration + Web IDE
- And many other things that will surprise you
📖 Learn
The iris philosophy is to provide robust tooling for HTTP, making it a great solution for single page applications, web sites, hybrids, or public HTTP APIs. Keep note that, today, iris is faster than apache+nginx itself.
iris does not force you to use any specific ORM. With support for the most popular template engines, websocket server and a fast sessions manager you can quickly craft your perfect application.
The awesome iris community is always adding new examples, _examples is a great place to get started!
Read the godocs for a better understanding.
👥 Community
Join the welcoming community of fellow iris developers in rocket.chat
- Post a feature request or report a bug
- ⭐ and watch the public repository, will keep you up to date
- 🌎 publish an article or share a tweet about your personal experience with iris.
The most useful community repository for iris developers is the iris-contrib/middleware which contains some HTTP handlers that can help you finish a lot of your tasks even easier. Feel free to push your own middleware there!
$ go get -u github.com/iris-contrib/middleware/...
📈 One and a half years...
Iris exceeded all expectations, started as one-man project.
- 7300 github stars
- 778 github forks
- 1m total views at its documentation
- ~819$ at donations, small amount for the work we put here but it's a good start
- ~557 reported bugs fixed
- ~30 community feature requests have been implemented
📌 Version
Current: VERSION
Each new release is pushed to the master. It stays there until the next version. When a next version is released then the previous version goes to its own branch with gopkg.in as its import path (and its own vendor folder), in order to keep it working "for-ever".
Changelog of the current version can be found at the HISTORY file.
Should I upgrade my iris?
Developers are not forced to use the latest iris version, they can use any version in production, they can update at any time they want.
Testers should upgrade immediately, if you're willing to use iris in production you can wait a little more longer, transaction should be as safe as possible.
Where can I find older versions?
Previous versions can be found at releases page.
🥇 People
The original author of Iris is @kataras, you can reach him via
Help this project to continue deliver awesome and unique features with the higher code quality as possible by donating any amount
License
This software is licensed under the open-source 3-Clause BSD.
You can find the license file here, for any questions regarding the license please contact us.
Documentation
¶
Overview ¶
Package iris provides a beautifully expressive and easy to use foundation for your next website, API, or distributed app.
Source code and other details for the project are available at GitHub:
https://github.com/kataras/iris
Current Version ¶
8.4.3
Installation ¶
The only requirement is the Go Programming Language, at least version 1.8 but 1.9 is highly recommended.
$ go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
Example code:
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
// User is just a bindable object structure.
type User struct {
Username string `json:"username"`
Firstname string `json:"firstname"`
Lastname string `json:"lastname"`
City string `json:"city"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// Define templates using the std html/template engine.
// Parse and load all files inside "./views" folder with ".html" file extension.
// Reload the templates on each request (development mode).
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html").Reload(true))
// Register custom handler for specific http errors.
app.OnErrorCode(iris.StatusInternalServerError, func(ctx iris.Context) {
// .Values are used to communicate between handlers, middleware.
errMessage := ctx.Values().GetString("error")
if errMessage != "" {
ctx.Writef("Internal server error: %s", errMessage)
return
}
ctx.Writef("(Unexpected) internal server error")
})
app.Use(func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Application().Logger().Infof("Begin request for path: %s", ctx.Path())
ctx.Next()
})
// app.Done(func(ctx iris.Context) {})
// Method POST: http://localhost:8080/decode
app.Post("/decode", func(ctx iris.Context) {
var user User
ctx.ReadJSON(&user)
ctx.Writef("%s %s is %d years old and comes from %s", user.Firstname, user.Lastname, user.Age, user.City)
})
// Method GET: http://localhost:8080/encode
app.Get("/encode", func(ctx iris.Context) {
doe := User{
Username: "Johndoe",
Firstname: "John",
Lastname: "Doe",
City: "Neither FBI knows!!!",
Age: 25,
}
ctx.JSON(doe)
})
// Method GET: http://localhost:8080/profile/anytypeofstring
app.Get("/profile/{username:string}", profileByUsername)
usersRoutes := app.Party("/users", logThisMiddleware)
{
// Method GET: http://localhost:8080/users/42
usersRoutes.Get("/{id:int min(1)}", getUserByID)
// Method POST: http://localhost:8080/users/create
usersRoutes.Post("/create", createUser)
}
// Listen for incoming HTTP/1.x & HTTP/2 clients on localhost port 8080.
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithCharset("UTF-8"))
}
func logThisMiddleware(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Application().Logger().Infof("Path: %s | IP: %s", ctx.Path(), ctx.RemoteAddr())
// .Next is required to move forward to the chain of handlers,
// if missing then it stops the execution at this handler.
ctx.Next()
}
func profileByUsername(ctx iris.Context) {
// .Params are used to get dynamic path parameters.
username := ctx.Params().Get("username")
ctx.ViewData("Username", username)
// renders "./views/users/profile.html"
// with {{ .Username }} equals to the username dynamic path parameter.
ctx.View("users/profile.html")
}
func getUserByID(ctx iris.Context) {
userID := ctx.Params().Get("id") // Or convert directly using: .Values().GetInt/GetInt64 etc...
// your own db fetch here instead of user :=...
user := User{Username: "username" + userID}
ctx.XML(user)
}
func createUser(ctx iris.Context) {
var user User
err := ctx.ReadForm(&user)
if err != nil {
ctx.Values().Set("error", "creating user, read and parse form failed. "+err.Error())
ctx.StatusCode(iris.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
// renders "./views/users/create_verification.html"
// with {{ . }} equals to the User object, i.e {{ .Username }} , {{ .Firstname}} etc...
ctx.ViewData("", user)
ctx.View("users/create_verification.html")
}
Listening and gracefully shutdown ¶
You can start the server(s) listening to any type of `net.Listener` or even `http.Server` instance. The method for initialization of the server should be passed at the end, via `Run` function.
Below you'll see some useful examples:
// Listening on tcp with network address 0.0.0.0:8080
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
// Same as before but using a custom http.Server which may being used somewhere else too
app.Run(iris.Server(&http.Server{Addr:":8080"}))
// Using a custom net.Listener
l, err := net.Listen("tcp4", ":8080")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
app.Run(iris.Listener(l))
// TLS using files
app.Run(iris.TLS("127.0.0.1:443", "mycert.cert", "mykey.key"))
// Automatic TLS
app.Run(iris.AutoTLS(":443", "example.com", "admin@example.com"))
// UNIX socket
if errOs := os.Remove(socketFile); errOs != nil && !os.IsNotExist(errOs) {
app.Logger().Fatal(errOs)
}
l, err := net.Listen("unix", socketFile)
if err != nil {
app.Logger().Fatal(err)
}
if err = os.Chmod(socketFile, mode); err != nil {
app.Logger().Fatal(err)
}
app.Run(iris.Listener(l))
// Using any func() error,
// the responsibility of starting up a listener is up to you with this way,
// for the sake of simplicity we will use the
// ListenAndServe function of the `net/http` package.
app.Run(iris.Raw(&http.Server{Addr:":8080"}).ListenAndServe)
UNIX and BSD hosts can take advandage of the reuse port feature.
Example code:
package main
import (
// Package tcplisten provides customizable TCP net.Listener with various
// performance-related options:
//
// - SO_REUSEPORT. This option allows linear scaling server performance
// on multi-CPU servers.
// See https://www.nginx.com/blog/socket-sharding-nginx-release-1-9-1/ for details.
//
// - TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT. This option expects the server reads from the accepted
// connection before writing to them.
//
// - TCP_FASTOPEN. See https://lwn.net/Articles/508865/ for details.
"github.com/valyala/tcplisten"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
)
// $ go get github.com/valyala/tcplisten
// $ go run main.go
func main() {
app := iris.New()
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML("<b>Hello World!</b>")
})
listenerCfg := tcplisten.Config{
ReusePort: true,
DeferAccept: true,
FastOpen: true,
}
l, err := listenerCfg.NewListener("tcp", ":8080")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
app.Run(iris.Listener(l))
}
That's all with listening, you have the full control when you need it.
Let's continue by learning how to catch CONTROL+C/COMMAND+C or unix kill command and shutdown the server gracefully.
Gracefully Shutdown on CONTROL+C/COMMAND+C or when kill command sent is ENABLED BY-DEFAULT.
In order to manually manage what to do when app is interrupted, we have to disable the default behavior with the option `WithoutInterruptHandler` and register a new interrupt handler (globally, across all possible hosts).
Example code:
package main
import (
stdContext "context"
"time"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
)
func main() {
app := iris.New()
iris.RegisterOnInterrupt(func() {
timeout := 5 * time.Second
ctx, cancel := stdContext.WithTimeout(stdContext.Background(), timeout)
defer cancel()
// close all hosts
app.Shutdown(ctx)
})
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML(" <h1>hi, I just exist in order to see if the server is closed</h1>")
})
// http://localhost:8080
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithoutInterruptHandler)
}
Hosts ¶
Access to all hosts that serve your application can be provided by the `Application#Hosts` field, after the `Run` method.
But the most common scenario is that you may need access to the host before the `Run` method, there are two ways of gain access to the host supervisor, read below.
First way is to use the `app.NewHost` to create a new host and use one of its `Serve` or `Listen` functions to start the application via the `iris#Raw` Runner. Note that this way needs an extra import of the `net/http` package.
Example Code:
h := app.NewHost(&http.Server{Addr:":8080"})
h.RegisterOnShutdown(func(){
println("server was closed!")
})
app.Run(iris.Raw(h.ListenAndServe))
Second, and probably easier way is to use the `host.Configurator`.
Note that this method requires an extra import statement of "github.com/kataras/iris/core/host" when using go < 1.9, if you're targeting on go1.9 then you can use the `iris#Supervisor` and omit the extra host import.
All common `Runners` we saw earlier (`iris#Addr, iris#Listener, iris#Server, iris#TLS, iris#AutoTLS`) accept a variadic argument of `host.Configurator`, there are just `func(*host.Supervisor)`. Therefore the `Application` gives you the rights to modify the auto-created host supervisor through these.
Example Code:
package main
import (
stdContext "context"
"time"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
"github.com/kataras/iris/core/host"
)
func main() {
app := iris.New()
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML("<h1>Hello, try to refresh the page after ~10 secs</h1>")
})
app.Logger().Info("Wait 10 seconds and check your terminal again")
// simulate a shutdown action here...
go func() {
<-time.After(10 * time.Second)
timeout := 5 * time.Second
ctx, cancel := stdContext.WithTimeout(stdContext.Background(), timeout)
defer cancel()
// close all hosts, this will notify the callback we had register
// inside the `configureHost` func.
app.Shutdown(ctx)
}()
// start the server as usual, the only difference is that
// we're adding a second (optional) function
// to configure the just-created host supervisor.
//
// http://localhost:8080
// wait 10 seconds and check your terminal.
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080", configureHost), iris.WithoutServerError(iris.ErrServerClosed))
}
func configureHost(su *host.Supervisor) {
// here we have full access to the host that will be created
// inside the `Run` function.
//
// we register a shutdown "event" callback
su.RegisterOnShutdown(func() {
println("server is closed")
})
// su.RegisterOnError
// su.RegisterOnServe
}
Read more about listening and gracefully shutdown by navigating to:
https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/#http-listening
Routing ¶
All HTTP methods are supported, developers can also register handlers for same paths for different methods. The first parameter is the HTTP Method, second parameter is the request path of the route, third variadic parameter should contains one or more iris.Handler executed by the registered order when a user requests for that specific resouce path from the server.
Example code:
app := iris.New()
app.Handle("GET", "/contact", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML("<h1> Hello from /contact </h1>")
})
In order to make things easier for the user, iris provides functions for all HTTP Methods. The first parameter is the request path of the route, second variadic parameter should contains one or more iris.Handler executed by the registered order when a user requests for that specific resouce path from the server.
Example code:
app := iris.New()
// Method: "GET"
app.Get("/", handler)
// Method: "POST"
app.Post("/", handler)
// Method: "PUT"
app.Put("/", handler)
// Method: "DELETE"
app.Delete("/", handler)
// Method: "OPTIONS"
app.Options("/", handler)
// Method: "TRACE"
app.Trace("/", handler)
// Method: "CONNECT"
app.Connect("/", handler)
// Method: "HEAD"
app.Head("/", handler)
// Method: "PATCH"
app.Patch("/", handler)
// register the route for all HTTP Methods
app.Any("/", handler)
func handler(ctx iris.Context){
ctx.Writef("Hello from method: %s and path: %s", ctx.Method(), ctx.Path())
}
Grouping Routes ¶
A set of routes that are being groupped by path prefix can (optionally) share the same middleware handlers and template layout. A group can have a nested group too.
`.Party` is being used to group routes, developers can declare an unlimited number of (nested) groups.
Example code:
users := app.Party("/users", myAuthMiddlewareHandler)
// http://myhost.com/users/42/profile
users.Get("/{id:int}/profile", userProfileHandler)
// http://myhost.com/users/messages/1
users.Get("/inbox/{id:int}", userMessageHandler)
Custom HTTP Errors ¶
iris developers are able to register their own handlers for http statuses like 404 not found, 500 internal server error and so on.
Example code:
// when 404 then render the template $templatedir/errors/404.html
app.OnErrorCode(iris.StatusNotFound, func(ctx iris.Context){
ctx.View("errors/404.html")
})
app.OnErrorCode(500, func(ctx iris.Context){
// ...
})
Basic HTTP API ¶
With the help of iris's expressionist router you can build any form of API you desire, with safety.
Example code:
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// registers a custom handler for 404 not found http (error) status code,
// fires when route not found or manually by ctx.StatusCode(iris.StatusNotFound).
app.OnErrorCode(iris.StatusNotFound, notFoundHandler)
// GET -> HTTP Method
// / -> Path
// func(ctx iris.Context) -> The route's handler.
//
// Third receiver should contains the route's handler(s), they are executed by order.
app.Handle("GET", "/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// navigate to the middle of $GOPATH/src/github.com/kataras/iris/context/context.go
// to overview all context's method (there a lot of them, read that and you will learn how iris works too)
ctx.HTML("Hello from " + ctx.Path()) // Hello from /
})
app.Get("/home", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef(`Same as app.Handle("GET", "/", [...])`)
})
app.Get("/donate", donateHandler, donateFinishHandler)
// Pssst, don't forget dynamic-path example for more "magic"!
app.Get("/api/users/{userid:int min(1)}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
userID, err := ctx.Params().GetInt("userid")
if err != nil {
ctx.Writef("error while trying to parse userid parameter," +
"this will never happen if :int is being used because if it's not integer it will fire Not Found automatically.")
ctx.StatusCode(iris.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
ctx.JSON(map[string]interface{}{
// you can pass any custom structured go value of course.
"user_id": userID,
})
})
// app.Post("/", func(ctx iris.Context){}) -> for POST http method.
// app.Put("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "PUT" http method.
// app.Delete("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "DELETE" http method.
// app.Options("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "OPTIONS" http method.
// app.Trace("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "TRACE" http method.
// app.Head("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "HEAD" http method.
// app.Connect("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "CONNECT" http method.
// app.Patch("/", func(ctx iris.Context){})-> for "PATCH" http method.
// app.Any("/", func(ctx iris.Context){}) for all http methods.
// More than one route can contain the same path with a different http mapped method.
// You can catch any route creation errors with:
// route, err := app.Get(...)
// set a name to a route: route.Name = "myroute"
// You can also group routes by path prefix, sharing middleware(s) and done handlers.
adminRoutes := app.Party("/admin", adminMiddleware)
adminRoutes.Done(func(ctx iris.Context) { // executes always last if ctx.Next()
ctx.Application().Logger().Infof("response sent to " + ctx.Path())
})
// adminRoutes.Layout("/views/layouts/admin.html") // set a view layout for these routes, see more at view examples.
// GET: http://localhost:8080/admin
adminRoutes.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// [...]
ctx.StatusCode(iris.StatusOK) // default is 200 == iris.StatusOK
ctx.HTML("<h1>Hello from admin/</h1>")
ctx.Next() // in order to execute the party's "Done" Handler(s)
})
// GET: http://localhost:8080/admin/login
adminRoutes.Get("/login", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// [...]
})
// POST: http://localhost:8080/admin/login
adminRoutes.Post("/login", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// [...]
})
// subdomains, easier than ever, should add localhost or 127.0.0.1 into your hosts file,
// etc/hosts on unix or C:/windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts on windows.
v1 := app.Party("v1.")
{ // braces are optional, it's just type of style, to group the routes visually.
// http://v1.localhost:8080
v1.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML("Version 1 API. go to <a href='" + ctx.Path() + "/api" + "'>/api/users</a>")
})
usersAPI := v1.Party("/api/users")
{
// http://v1.localhost:8080/api/users
usersAPI.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("All users")
})
// http://v1.localhost:8080/api/users/42
usersAPI.Get("/{userid:int}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("user with id: %s", ctx.Params().Get("userid"))
})
}
}
// wildcard subdomains.
wildcardSubdomain := app.Party("*.")
{
wildcardSubdomain.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("Subdomain can be anything, now you're here from: %s", ctx.Subdomain())
})
}
// http://localhost:8080
// http://localhost:8080/home
// http://localhost:8080/donate
// http://localhost:8080/api/users/42
// http://localhost:8080/admin
// http://localhost:8080/admin/login
//
// http://localhost:8080/api/users/0
// http://localhost:8080/api/users/blabla
// http://localhost:8080/wontfound
//
// if hosts edited:
// http://v1.localhost:8080
// http://v1.localhost:8080/api/users
// http://v1.localhost:8080/api/users/42
// http://anything.localhost:8080
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
func adminMiddleware(ctx iris.Context) {
// [...]
ctx.Next() // to move to the next handler, or don't that if you have any auth logic.
}
func donateHandler(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("Just like an inline handler, but it can be " +
"used by other package, anywhere in your project.")
// let's pass a value to the next handler
// Values is the way handlers(or middleware) are communicating between each other.
ctx.Values().Set("donate_url", "https://github.com/kataras/iris#-people")
ctx.Next() // in order to execute the next handler in the chain, look donate route.
}
func donateFinishHandler(ctx iris.Context) {
// values can be any type of object so we could cast the value to a string
// but iris provides an easy to do that, if donate_url is not defined, then it returns an empty string instead.
donateURL := ctx.Values().GetString("donate_url")
ctx.Application().Logger().Infof("donate_url value was: " + donateURL)
ctx.Writef("\n\nDonate sent(?).")
}
func notFoundHandler(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML("Custom route for 404 not found http code, here you can render a view, html, json <b>any valid response</b>.")
}
MVC - Model View Controller ¶
Iris has first-class support for the MVC pattern, you'll not find these stuff anywhere else in the Go world.
Example Code:
package main
import (
"github.com/kataras/iris"
"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/logger"
"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/recover"
)
// This example is equivalent to the
// https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/hello-world/main.go
//
// It seems that additional code you
// have to write doesn't worth it
// but remember that, this example
// does not make use of iris mvc features like
// the Model, Persistence or the View engine neither the Session,
// it's very simple for learning purposes,
// probably you'll never use such
// as simple controller anywhere in your app.
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// Optionally, add two built'n handlers
// that can recover from any http-relative panics
// and log the requests to the terminal.
app.Use(recover.New())
app.Use(logger.New())
app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
app.Controller("/ping", new(PingController))
app.Controller("/hello", new(HelloController))
// http://localhost:8080
// http://localhost:8080/ping
// http://localhost:8080/hello
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
// IndexController serves the "/".
type IndexController struct {
// if you build with go1.8 you have to use the mvc package, `mvc.Controller` instead.
iris.Controller
}
// Get serves
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080/
func (c *IndexController) Get() {
c.Ctx.HTML("<b>Welcome!</b>")
}
// PingController serves the "/ping".
type PingController struct {
iris.Controller
}
// Get serves
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080/ping
func (c *PingController) Get() {
c.Ctx.WriteString("pong")
}
// HelloController serves the "/hello".
type HelloController struct {
iris.Controller
}
// Get serves
// Method: GET
// Resource: http://localhost:8080/hello
func (c *HelloController) Get() {
c.Ctx.JSON(iris.Map{"message": "Hello iris web framework."})
}
// Can use more than one, the factory will make sure
// that the correct http methods are being registered for each route
// for this controller, uncomment these if you want:
// func (c *HelloController) Post() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Put() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Delete() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Connect() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Head() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Patch() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Options() {}
// func (c *HelloController) Trace() {}
// or All() or Any() to catch all http methods.
Iris web framework supports Request data, Models, Persistence Data and Binding with the fastest possible execution.
Characteristics:
All HTTP Methods are supported, for example if want to serve `GET` then the controller should have a function named `Get()`, you can define more than one method function to serve in the same Controller struct.
Persistence data inside your Controller struct (share data between requests) via `iris:"persistence"` tag right to the field or Bind using `app.Controller("/" , new(myController), theBindValue)`.
Models inside your Controller struct (set-ed at the Method function and rendered by the View) via `iris:"model"` tag right to the field, i.e User UserModel `iris:"model" name:"user"` view will recognise it as `{{.user}}`. If `name` tag is missing then it takes the field's name, in this case the `"User"`.
Access to the request path and its parameters via the `Path and Params` fields.
Access to the template file that should be rendered via the `Tmpl` field.
Access to the template data that should be rendered inside the template file via `Data` field.
Access to the template layout via the `Layout` field.
Access to the low-level `iris.Context` via the `Ctx` field.
Get the relative request path by using the controller's name via `RelPath()`.
Get the relative template path directory by using the controller's name via `RelTmpl()`.
Flow as you used to, `Controllers` can be registered to any `Party`, including Subdomains, the Party's begin and done handlers work as expected.
Optional `BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the method execution, useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data.
Optional `EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after any method executed.
Inheritance, recursively, see for example our `mvc.SessionController/iris.SessionController`, it has the `mvc.Controller/iris.Controller` as an embedded field and it adds its logic to its `BeginRequest`. Source file: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/mvc/session_controller.go.
Read access to the current route via the `Route` field.
Support for more than one input arguments (map to dynamic request path parameters).
Register one or more relative paths and able to get path parameters, i.e
If `app.Controller("/user", new(user.Controller))`
- `func(*Controller) Get()` - `GET:/user` , as usual.
- `func(*Controller) Post()` - `POST:/user`, as usual.
- `func(*Controller) GetLogin()` - `GET:/user/login`
- `func(*Controller) PostLogin()` - `POST:/user/login`
- `func(*Controller) GetProfileFollowers()` - `GET:/user/profile/followers`
- `func(*Controller) PostProfileFollowers()` - `POST:/user/profile/followers`
- `func(*Controller) GetBy(id int64)` - `GET:/user/{param:long}`
- `func(*Controller) PostBy(id int64)` - `POST:/user/{param:long}`
If `app.Controller("/profile", new(profile.Controller))`
- `func(*Controller) GetBy(username string)` - `GET:/profile/{param:string}`
If `app.Controller("/assets", new(file.Controller))`
- `func(*Controller) GetByWildard(path string)` - `GET:/assets/{param:path}`
If `app.Controller("/equality", new(profile.Equality))`
- `func(*Controller) GetBy(is bool)` - `GET:/equality/{param:boolean}`
- `func(*Controller) GetByOtherBy(is bool, otherID int64)` - `GET:/equality/{paramfirst:boolean}/other/{paramsecond:long}`
Supported types for method functions receivers: int, int64, bool and string.
Using Iris MVC for code reuse ¶
By creating components that are independent of one another, developers are able to reuse components quickly and easily in other applications. The same (or similar) view for one application can be refactored for another application with different data because the view is simply handling how the data is being displayed to the user.
If you're new to back-end web development read about the MVC architectural pattern first, a good start is that wikipedia article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller.
Follow the examples below,
- Hello world: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go
- Session Controller usage: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go
- A simple but featured Controller with model and views: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view
Parameterized Path ¶
At the previous example, we've seen static routes, group of routes, subdomains, wildcard subdomains, a small example of parameterized path with a single known parameter and custom http errors, now it's time to see wildcard parameters and macros.
iris, like net/http std package registers route's handlers by a Handler, the iris' type of handler is just a func(ctx iris.Context) where context comes from github.com/kataras/iris/context.
Iris has the easiest and the most powerful routing process you have ever meet.
At the same time, iris has its own interpeter(yes like a programming language) for route's path syntax and their dynamic path parameters parsing and evaluation, We call them "macros" for shortcut. How? It calculates its needs and if not any special regexp needed then it just registers the route with the low-level path syntax, otherwise it pre-compiles the regexp and adds the necessary middleware(s).
Standard macro types for parameters:
+------------------------+
| {param:string} |
+------------------------+
string type
anything
+------------------------+
| {param:int} |
+------------------------+
int type
only numbers (0-9)
+------------------------+
| {param:long} |
+------------------------+
int64 type
only numbers (0-9)
+------------------------+
| {param:boolean} |
+------------------------+
bool type
only "1" or "t" or "T" or "TRUE" or "true" or "True"
or "0" or "f" or "F" or "FALSE" or "false" or "False"
+------------------------+
| {param:alphabetical} |
+------------------------+
alphabetical/letter type
letters only (upper or lowercase)
+------------------------+
| {param:file} |
+------------------------+
file type
letters (upper or lowercase)
numbers (0-9)
underscore (_)
dash (-)
point (.)
no spaces ! or other character
+------------------------+
| {param:path} |
+------------------------+
path type
anything, should be the last part, more than one path segment,
i.e: /path1/path2/path3 , ctx.Params().Get("param") == "/path1/path2/path3"
if type is missing then parameter's type is defaulted to string, so {param} == {param:string}.
If a function not found on that type then the "string"'s types functions are being used. i.e:
{param:int min(3)}
Besides the fact that iris provides the basic types and some default "macro funcs" you are able to register your own too!.
Register a named path parameter function:
app.Macros().Int.RegisterFunc("min", func(argument int) func(paramValue string) bool {
[...]
return true/false -> true means valid.
})
at the func(argument ...) you can have any standard type, it will be validated before the server starts so don't care about performance here, the only thing it runs at serve time is the returning func(paramValue string) bool.
{param:string equal(iris)} , "iris" will be the argument here:
app.Macros().String.RegisterFunc("equal", func(argument string) func(paramValue string) bool {
return func(paramValue string){ return argument == paramValue }
})
Example Code:
// you can use the "string" type which is valid for a single path parameter that can be anything.
app.Get("/username/{name}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("Hello %s", ctx.Params().Get("name"))
}) // type is missing = {name:string}
// Let's register our first macro attached to int macro type.
// "min" = the function
// "minValue" = the argument of the function
// func(string) bool = the macro's path parameter evaluator, this executes in serve time when
// a user requests a path which contains the :int macro type with the min(...) macro parameter function.
app.Macros().Int.RegisterFunc("min", func(minValue int) func(string) bool {
// do anything before serve here [...]
// at this case we don't need to do anything
return func(paramValue string) bool {
n, err := strconv.Atoi(paramValue)
if err != nil {
return false
}
return n >= minValue
}
})
// http://localhost:8080/profile/id>=1
// this will throw 404 even if it's found as route on : /profile/0, /profile/blabla, /profile/-1
// macro parameter functions are optional of course.
app.Get("/profile/{id:int min(1)}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// second parameter is the error but it will always nil because we use macros,
// the validaton already happened.
id, _ := ctx.Params().GetInt("id")
ctx.Writef("Hello id: %d", id)
})
// to change the error code per route's macro evaluator:
app.Get("/profile/{id:int min(1)}/friends/{friendid:int min(1) else 504}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
id, _ := ctx.Params().GetInt("id")
friendid, _ := ctx.Params().GetInt("friendid")
ctx.Writef("Hello id: %d looking for friend id: ", id, friendid)
}) // this will throw e 504 error code instead of 404 if all route's macros not passed.
// http://localhost:8080/game/a-zA-Z/level/0-9
// remember, alphabetical is lowercase or uppercase letters only.
app.Get("/game/{name:alphabetical}/level/{level:int}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("name: %s | level: %s", ctx.Params().Get("name"), ctx.Params().Get("level"))
})
// let's use a trivial custom regexp that validates a single path parameter
// which its value is only lowercase letters.
// http://localhost:8080/lowercase/anylowercase
app.Get("/lowercase/{name:string regexp(^[a-z]+)}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("name should be only lowercase, otherwise this handler will never executed: %s", ctx.Params().Get("name"))
})
// http://localhost:8080/single_file/app.js
app.Get("/single_file/{myfile:file}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("file type validates if the parameter value has a form of a file name, got: %s", ctx.Params().Get("myfile"))
})
// http://localhost:8080/myfiles/any/directory/here/
// this is the only macro type that accepts any number of path segments.
app.Get("/myfiles/{directory:path}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("path type accepts any number of path segments, path after /myfiles/ is: %s", ctx.Params().Get("directory"))
})
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
A path parameter name should contain only alphabetical letters, symbols, containing '_' and numbers are NOT allowed. If route failed to be registered, the app will panic without any warnings if you didn't catch the second return value(error) on .Handle/.Get....
Last, do not confuse ctx.Values() with ctx.Params(). Path parameter's values goes to ctx.Params() and context's local storage that can be used to communicate between handlers and middleware(s) goes to ctx.Values(), path parameters and the rest of any custom values are separated for your own good.
Run
$ go run main.go
Static Files
// StaticServe serves a directory as web resource
// it's the simpliest form of the Static* functions
// Almost same usage as StaticWeb
// accepts only one required parameter which is the systemPath,
// the same path will be used to register the GET and HEAD method routes.
// If second parameter is empty, otherwise the requestPath is the second parameter
// it uses gzip compression (compression on each request, no file cache).
//
// Returns the GET *Route.
StaticServe(systemPath string, requestPath ...string) (*Route, error)
// StaticContent registers a GET and HEAD method routes to the requestPath
// that are ready to serve raw static bytes, memory cached.
//
// Returns the GET *Route.
StaticContent(reqPath string, cType string, content []byte) (*Route, error)
// StaticEmbedded used when files are distributed inside the app executable, using go-bindata mostly
// First parameter is the request path, the path which the files in the vdir will be served to, for example "/static"
// Second parameter is the (virtual) directory path, for example "./assets"
// Third parameter is the Asset function
// Forth parameter is the AssetNames function.
//
// Returns the GET *Route.
//
// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/file-server/embedding-files-into-app
StaticEmbedded(requestPath string, vdir string, assetFn func(name string) ([]byte, error), namesFn func() []string) (*Route, error)
// Favicon serves static favicon
// accepts 2 parameters, second is optional
// favPath (string), declare the system directory path of the __.ico
// requestPath (string), it's the route's path, by default this is the "/favicon.ico" because some browsers tries to get this by default first,
// you can declare your own path if you have more than one favicon (desktop, mobile and so on)
//
// this func will add a route for you which will static serve the /yuorpath/yourfile.ico to the /yourfile.ico
// (nothing special that you can't handle by yourself).
// Note that you have to call it on every favicon you have to serve automatically (desktop, mobile and so on).
//
// Returns the GET *Route.
Favicon(favPath string, requestPath ...string) (*Route, error)
// StaticWeb returns a handler that serves HTTP requests
// with the contents of the file system rooted at directory.
//
// first parameter: the route path
// second parameter: the system directory
// third OPTIONAL parameter: the exception routes
// (= give priority to these routes instead of the static handler)
// for more options look app.StaticHandler.
//
// app.StaticWeb("/static", "./static")
//
// As a special case, the returned file server redirects any request
// ending in "/index.html" to the same path, without the final
// "index.html".
//
// StaticWeb calls the StaticHandler(systemPath, listingDirectories: false, gzip: false ).
//
// Returns the GET *Route.
StaticWeb(requestPath string, systemPath string, exceptRoutes ...*Route) (*Route, error)
Example code:
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// This will serve the ./static/favicons/ion_32_32.ico to: localhost:8080/favicon.ico
app.Favicon("./static/favicons/ion_32_32.ico")
// app.Favicon("./static/favicons/ion_32_32.ico", "/favicon_48_48.ico")
// This will serve the ./static/favicons/ion_32_32.ico to: localhost:8080/favicon_48_48.ico
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.HTML(`<a href="/favicon.ico"> press here to see the favicon.ico</a>.
At some browsers like chrome, it should be visible at the top-left side of the browser's window,
because some browsers make requests to the /favicon.ico automatically,
so iris serves your favicon in that path too (you can change it).`)
}) // if favicon doesn't show to you, try to clear your browser's cache.
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
More examples can be found here: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/beginner/file-server
Middleware Ecosystem ¶
Middleware is just a concept of ordered chain of handlers. Middleware can be registered globally, per-party, per-subdomain and per-route.
Example code:
// globally
// before any routes, appends the middleware to all routes
app.Use(func(ctx iris.Context){
// ... any code here
ctx.Next() // in order to continue to the next handler,
// if that is missing then the next in chain handlers will be not executed,
// useful for authentication middleware
})
// globally
// after or before any routes, prepends the middleware to all routes
app.UseGlobal(handler1, handler2, handler3)
// per-route
app.Post("/login", authenticationHandler, loginPageHandler)
// per-party(group of routes)
users := app.Party("/users", usersMiddleware)
users.Get("/", usersIndex)
// per-subdomain
mysubdomain := app.Party("mysubdomain.", firstMiddleware)
mysubdomain.Use(secondMiddleware)
mysubdomain.Get("/", mysubdomainIndex)
// per wildcard, dynamic subdomain
dynamicSub := app.Party(".*", firstMiddleware, secondMiddleware)
dynamicSub.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context){
ctx.Writef("Hello from subdomain: "+ ctx.Subdomain())
})
iris is able to wrap and convert any external, third-party Handler you used to use to your web application. Let's convert the https://github.com/rs/cors net/http external middleware which returns a `next form` handler.
Example code:
package main
import (
"github.com/rs/cors"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
)
func main() {
app := iris.New()
corsOptions := cors.Options{
AllowedOrigins: []string{"*"},
AllowCredentials: true,
}
corsWrapper := cors.New(corsOptions).ServeHTTP
app.WrapRouter(corsWrapper)
v1 := app.Party("/api/v1")
{
v1.Get("/", h)
v1.Put("/put", h)
v1.Post("/post", h)
}
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
func h(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Application().Logger().Infof(ctx.Path())
ctx.Writef("Hello from %s", ctx.Path())
}
View Engine ¶
Iris supports 5 template engines out-of-the-box, developers can still use any external golang template engine, as `context/context#ResponseWriter()` is an `io.Writer`.
All of these five template engines have common features with common API, like Layout, Template Funcs, Party-specific layout, partial rendering and more.
The standard html, its template parser is the golang.org/pkg/html/template/ Django, its template parser is the github.com/flosch/pongo2 Pug(Jade), its template parser is the github.com/Joker/jade Handlebars, its template parser is the github.com/aymerick/raymond Amber, its template parser is the github.com/eknkc/amber
Example code:
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// - standard html | iris.HTML(...)
// - django | iris.Django(...)
// - pug(jade) | iris.Pug(...)
// - handlebars | iris.Handlebars(...)
// - amber | iris.Amber(...)
tmpl := iris.HTML("./templates", ".html")
tmpl.Reload(true) // reload templates on each request (development mode)
// default template funcs are:
//
// - {{ urlpath "mynamedroute" "pathParameter_ifneeded" }}
// - {{ render "header.html" }}
// - {{ render_r "header.html" }} // partial relative path to current page
// - {{ yield }}
// - {{ current }}
// register a custom template func.
tmpl.AddFunc("greet", func(s string) string {
return "Greetings " + s + "!"
})
// register the view engine to the views, this will load the templates.
app.RegisterView(tmpl)
app.Get("/", hi)
// http://localhost:8080
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithCharset("UTF-8")) // defaults to that but you can change it.
}
func hi(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.ViewData("Title", "Hi Page")
ctx.ViewData("Name", "iris") // {{.Name}} will render: iris
// ctx.ViewData("", myCcustomStruct{})
ctx.View("hi.html")
}
View engine supports bundled(https://github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata) template files too. go-bindata gives you two functions, asset and assetNames, these can be setted to each of the template engines using the `.Binary` func.
Example code:
package main
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
func main() {
app := iris.New()
// $ go get -u github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata/...
// $ go-bindata ./templates/...
// $ go build
// $ ./embedding-templates-into-app
// html files are not used, you can delete the folder and run the example
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./templates", ".html").Binary(Asset, AssetNames))
app.Get("/", hi)
// http://localhost:8080
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
type page struct {
Title, Name string
}
func hi(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.ViewData("", page{Title: "Hi Page", Name: "iris"})
ctx.View("hi.html")
}
A real example can be found here: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view/embedding-templates-into-app.
Enable auto-reloading of templates on each request. Useful while developers are in dev mode as they no neeed to restart their app on every template edit.
Example code:
pugEngine := iris.Pug("./templates", ".jade")
pugEngine.Reload(true) // <--- set to true to re-build the templates on each request.
app.RegisterView(pugEngine)
Note:
In case you're wondering, the code behind the view engines derives from the "github.com/kataras/iris/view" package, access to the engines' variables can be granded by "github.com/kataras/iris" package too.
iris.HTML(...) is a shortcut of view.HTML(...) iris.Django(...) >> >> view.Django(...) iris.Pug(...) >> >> view.Pug(...) iris.Handlebars(...) >> >> view.Handlebars(...) iris.Amber(...) >> >> view.Amber(...)
Each one of these template engines has different options located here: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/view .
Sessions ¶
This example will show how to store and access data from a session.
You don’t need any third-party library, but If you want you can use any session manager compatible or not.
In this example we will only allow authenticated users to view our secret message on the /secret page. To get access to it, the will first have to visit /login to get a valid session cookie, which logs him in. Additionally he can visit /logout to revoke his access to our secret message.
Example code:
// main.go
package main
import (
"github.com/kataras/iris"
"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
)
var (
cookieNameForSessionID = "mycookiesessionnameid"
sess = sessions.New(sessions.Config{Cookie: cookieNameForSessionID})
)
func secret(ctx iris.Context) {
// Check if user is authenticated
if auth, _ := sess.Start(ctx).GetBoolean("authenticated"); !auth {
ctx.StatusCode(iris.StatusForbidden)
return
}
// Print secret message
ctx.WriteString("The cake is a lie!")
}
func login(ctx iris.Context) {
session := sess.Start(ctx)
// Authentication goes here
// ...
// Set user as authenticated
session.Set("authenticated", true)
}
func logout(ctx iris.Context) {
session := sess.Start(ctx)
// Revoke users authentication
session.Set("authenticated", false)
}
func main() {
app := iris.New()
app.Get("/secret", secret)
app.Get("/login", login)
app.Get("/logout", logout)
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
Running the example:
$ go get github.com/kataras/iris/sessions $ go run main.go $ curl -s http://localhost:8080/secret Forbidden $ curl -s -I http://localhost:8080/login Set-Cookie: mycookiesessionnameid=MTQ4NzE5Mz... $ curl -s --cookie "mycookiesessionnameid=MTQ4NzE5Mz..." http://localhost:8080/secret The cake is a lie!
Sessions persistence can be achieved using one (or more) `sessiondb`.
Example Code:
package main
import (
"time"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions/sessiondb/boltdb" // <- IMPORTANT
)
func main() {
db, _ := boltdb.New("./sessions/sessions.db", 0666, "users")
// use different go routines to sync the database
db.Async(true)
// close and unlock the database when control+C/cmd+C pressed
iris.RegisterOnInterrupt(func() {
db.Close()
})
sess := sessions.New(sessions.Config{
Cookie: "sessionscookieid",
Expires: 45 * time.Minute, // <=0 means unlimited life
})
//
// IMPORTANT:
//
sess.UseDatabase(db)
// the rest of the code stays the same.
app := iris.New()
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Writef("You should navigate to the /set, /get, /delete, /clear,/destroy instead")
})
app.Get("/set", func(ctx iris.Context) {
s := sess.Start(ctx)
//set session values
s.Set("name", "iris")
//test if setted here
ctx.Writef("All ok session setted to: %s", s.GetString("name"))
})
app.Get("/set/{key}/{value}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
key, value := ctx.Params().Get("key"), ctx.Params().Get("value")
s := sess.Start(ctx)
// set session values
s.Set(key, value)
// test if setted here
ctx.Writef("All ok session setted to: %s", s.GetString(key))
})
app.Get("/get", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// get a specific key, as string, if no found returns just an empty string
name := sess.Start(ctx).GetString("name")
ctx.Writef("The name on the /set was: %s", name)
})
app.Get("/get/{key}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// get a specific key, as string, if no found returns just an empty string
name := sess.Start(ctx).GetString(ctx.Params().Get("key"))
ctx.Writef("The name on the /set was: %s", name)
})
app.Get("/delete", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// delete a specific key
sess.Start(ctx).Delete("name")
})
app.Get("/clear", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// removes all entries
sess.Start(ctx).Clear()
})
app.Get("/destroy", func(ctx iris.Context) {
//destroy, removes the entire session data and cookie
sess.Destroy(ctx)
})
app.Get("/update", func(ctx iris.Context) {
// updates expire date with a new date
sess.ShiftExpiration(ctx)
})
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
More examples:
https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/sessions
Websockets ¶
In this example we will create a small chat between web sockets via browser.
Example Server Code:
// main.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
"github.com/kataras/iris/websocket"
)
func main() {
app := iris.New()
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.ServeFile("websockets.html", false) // second parameter: enable gzip?
})
setupWebsocket(app)
// x2
// http://localhost:8080
// http://localhost:8080
// write something, press submit, see the result.
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
func setupWebsocket(app *iris.Application) {
// create our echo websocket server
ws := websocket.New(websocket.Config{
ReadBufferSize: 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 1024,
})
ws.OnConnection(handleConnection)
// register the server on an endpoint.
// see the inline javascript code i the websockets.html, this endpoint is used to connect to the server.
app.Get("/echo", ws.Handler())
// serve the javascript built'n client-side library,
// see weboskcets.html script tags, this path is used.
app.Any("/iris-ws.js", func(ctx iris.Context) {
ctx.Write(websocket.ClientSource)
})
}
func handleConnection(c websocket.Connection) {
// Read events from browser
c.On("chat", func(msg string) {
// Print the message to the console, c.Context() is the iris's http context.
fmt.Printf("%s sent: %s\n", c.Context().RemoteAddr(), msg)
// Write message back to the client message owner:
// c.Emit("chat", msg)
c.To(websocket.Broadcast).Emit("chat", msg)
})
}
Example Client(javascript) Code:
<!-- websockets.html -->
<input id="input" type="text" />
<button onclick="send()">Send</button>
<pre id="output"></pre>
<script src="/iris-ws.js"></script>
<script>
var input = document.getElementById("input");
var output = document.getElementById("output");
// Ws comes from the auto-served '/iris-ws.js'
var socket = new Ws("ws://localhost:8080/echo");
socket.OnConnect(function () {
output.innerHTML += "Status: Connected\n";
});
socket.OnDisconnect(function () {
output.innerHTML += "Status: Disconnected\n";
});
// read events from the server
socket.On("chat", function (msg) {
addMessage(msg)
});
function send() {
addMessage("Me: "+input.value) // write ourselves
socket.Emit("chat", input.value);// send chat event data to the websocket server
input.value = ""; // clear the input
}
function addMessage(msg) {
output.innerHTML += msg + "\n";
}
</script>
Running the example:
$ go get github.com/kataras/iris/websocket $ go run main.go $ start http://localhost:8080
That's the basics ¶
But you should have a basic idea of the framework by now, we just scratched the surface. If you enjoy what you just saw and want to learn more, please follow the below links:
Examples:
https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples
Middleware:
https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/middleware https://github.com/iris-contrib/middleware
Home Page:
https://iris-go.com
Book (in-progress):
https://docs.iris-go.com
Index ¶
- Constants
- Variables
- func CheckVersion()
- type Application
- func (app *Application) Build() error
- func (app *Application) ConfigurationReadOnly() context.ConfigurationReadOnly
- func (app *Application) Configure(configurators ...Configurator) *Application
- func (app *Application) ConfigureHost(configurators ...host.Configurator) *Application
- func (app *Application) Logger() *golog.Logger
- func (app *Application) NewHost(srv *http.Server) *host.Supervisor
- func (app *Application) RegisterView(viewEngine view.Engine)
- func (app *Application) Run(serve Runner, withOrWithout ...Configurator) error
- func (app *Application) SPA(assetHandler context.Handler)
- func (app *Application) Shutdown(ctx stdContext.Context) error
- func (app *Application) View(writer io.Writer, filename string, layout string, bindingData interface{}) error
- type Configuration
- func (c Configuration) GetCharset() string
- func (c Configuration) GetDisableAutoFireStatusCode() bool
- func (c Configuration) GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal() bool
- func (c Configuration) GetDisablePathCorrection() bool
- func (c Configuration) GetEnableOptimizations() bool
- func (c Configuration) GetEnablePathEscape() bool
- func (c Configuration) GetFireMethodNotAllowed() bool
- func (c Configuration) GetOther() map[string]interface{}
- func (c Configuration) GetRemoteAddrHeaders() map[string]bool
- func (c Configuration) GetTimeFormat() string
- func (c Configuration) GetTranslateFunctionContextKey() string
- func (c Configuration) GetTranslateLanguageContextKey() string
- func (c Configuration) GetVHost() string
- func (c Configuration) GetViewDataContextKey() string
- func (c Configuration) GetViewLayoutContextKey() string
- type Configurator
- func WithCharset(charset string) Configurator
- func WithConfiguration(c Configuration) Configurator
- func WithOtherValue(key string, val interface{}) Configurator
- func WithRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator
- func WithTimeFormat(timeformat string) Configurator
- func WithoutRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator
- func WithoutServerError(errors ...error) Configurator
- type Context
- type Controller
- type Handler
- type Map
- type Party
- type Runner
- func Addr(addr string, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
- func AutoTLS(addr string, domain string, email string, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
- func Listener(l net.Listener, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
- func Raw(f func() error) Runner
- func Server(srv *http.Server, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
- func TLS(addr string, certFile, keyFile string, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
- type SessionController
- type Supervisor
Constants ¶
const ( StatusContinue = 100 // RFC 7231, 6.2.1 StatusSwitchingProtocols = 101 // RFC 7231, 6.2.2 StatusProcessing = 102 // RFC 2518, 10.1 StatusOK = 200 // RFC 7231, 6.3.1 StatusCreated = 201 // RFC 7231, 6.3.2 StatusAccepted = 202 // RFC 7231, 6.3.3 StatusNonAuthoritativeInfo = 203 // RFC 7231, 6.3.4 StatusNoContent = 204 // RFC 7231, 6.3.5 StatusResetContent = 205 // RFC 7231, 6.3.6 StatusPartialContent = 206 // RFC 7233, 4.1 StatusMultiStatus = 207 // RFC 4918, 11.1 StatusAlreadyReported = 208 // RFC 5842, 7.1 StatusIMUsed = 226 // RFC 3229, 10.4.1 StatusMultipleChoices = 300 // RFC 7231, 6.4.1 StatusMovedPermanently = 301 // RFC 7231, 6.4.2 StatusFound = 302 // RFC 7231, 6.4.3 StatusSeeOther = 303 // RFC 7231, 6.4.4 StatusNotModified = 304 // RFC 7232, 4.1 StatusUseProxy = 305 // RFC 7231, 6.4.5 StatusTemporaryRedirect = 307 // RFC 7231, 6.4.7 StatusPermanentRedirect = 308 // RFC 7538, 3 StatusBadRequest = 400 // RFC 7231, 6.5.1 StatusPaymentRequired = 402 // RFC 7231, 6.5.2 StatusForbidden = 403 // RFC 7231, 6.5.3 StatusNotFound = 404 // RFC 7231, 6.5.4 StatusMethodNotAllowed = 405 // RFC 7231, 6.5.5 StatusNotAcceptable = 406 // RFC 7231, 6.5.6 StatusProxyAuthRequired = 407 // RFC 7235, 3.2 StatusRequestTimeout = 408 // RFC 7231, 6.5.7 StatusConflict = 409 // RFC 7231, 6.5.8 StatusGone = 410 // RFC 7231, 6.5.9 StatusLengthRequired = 411 // RFC 7231, 6.5.10 StatusPreconditionFailed = 412 // RFC 7232, 4.2 StatusRequestEntityTooLarge = 413 // RFC 7231, 6.5.11 StatusRequestURITooLong = 414 // RFC 7231, 6.5.12 StatusUnsupportedMediaType = 415 // RFC 7231, 6.5.13 StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = 416 // RFC 7233, 4.4 StatusExpectationFailed = 417 // RFC 7231, 6.5.14 StatusTeapot = 418 // RFC 7168, 2.3.3 StatusUnprocessableEntity = 422 // RFC 4918, 11.2 StatusLocked = 423 // RFC 4918, 11.3 StatusFailedDependency = 424 // RFC 4918, 11.4 StatusUpgradeRequired = 426 // RFC 7231, 6.5.15 StatusPreconditionRequired = 428 // RFC 6585, 3 StatusTooManyRequests = 429 // RFC 6585, 4 StatusRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge = 431 // RFC 6585, 5 StatusInternalServerError = 500 // RFC 7231, 6.6.1 StatusNotImplemented = 501 // RFC 7231, 6.6.2 StatusBadGateway = 502 // RFC 7231, 6.6.3 StatusGatewayTimeout = 504 // RFC 7231, 6.6.5 StatusHTTPVersionNotSupported = 505 // RFC 7231, 6.6.6 StatusVariantAlsoNegotiates = 506 // RFC 2295, 8.1 StatusInsufficientStorage = 507 // RFC 4918, 11.5 StatusLoopDetected = 508 // RFC 5842, 7.2 StatusNotExtended = 510 // RFC 2774, 7 StatusNetworkAuthenticationRequired = 511 // RFC 6585, 6 )
HTTP status codes as registered with IANA. See: http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml Raw Copy from the net/http std package in order to recude the import path of "net/http" for the users.
Copied from `net/http` package.
const ( MethodGet = "GET" MethodPost = "POST" MethodPut = "PUT" MethodDelete = "DELETE" MethodConnect = "CONNECT" MethodHead = "HEAD" MethodPatch = "PATCH" MethodOptions = "OPTIONS" MethodTrace = "TRACE" )
HTTP Methods copied from `net/http`.
const MethodNone = "NONE"
MethodNone is an iris-specific "virtual" method to store the "offline" routes.
const NoLayout = view.NoLayout
NoLayout to disable layout for a particular template file A shortcut for the `view#NoLayout`.
const (
// Version is the current version number of the Iris Web Framework.
Version = "8.4.3"
)
Variables ¶
var ( // HTML view engine. // Conversion for the view.HTML. HTML = view.HTML // Django view engine. // Conversion for the view.Django. Django = view.Django // Handlebars view engine. // Conversion for the view.Handlebars. Handlebars = view.Handlebars // Pug view engine. // Conversion for the view.Pug. Pug = view.Pug // Amber view engine. // Conversion for the view.Amber. Amber = view.Amber )
var ( // LimitRequestBodySize is a middleware which sets a request body size limit // for all next handlers in the chain. // // A shortcut for the `context#LimitRequestBodySize`. LimitRequestBodySize = context.LimitRequestBodySize // Gzip is a middleware which enables writing // using gzip compression, if client supports. // // A shortcut for the `context#Gzip`. Gzip = context.Gzip // FromStd converts native http.Handler, http.HandlerFunc & func(w, r, next) to context.Handler. // // Supported form types: // .FromStd(h http.Handler) // .FromStd(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)) // .FromStd(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc)) // // A shortcut for the `handlerconv#FromStd`. FromStd = handlerconv.FromStd // Cache is a middleware providing cache functionalities // to the next handlers, can be used as: `app.Get("/", iris.Cache, aboutHandler)`. // // Examples can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/#caching Cache = cache.Handler )
var ErrServerClosed = http.ErrServerClosed
ErrServerClosed is returned by the Server's Serve, ServeTLS, ListenAndServe, and ListenAndServeTLS methods after a call to Shutdown or Close.
A shortcut for the `http#ErrServerClosed`.
var RegisterOnInterrupt = host.RegisterOnInterrupt
RegisterOnInterrupt registers a global function to call when CTRL+C/CMD+C pressed or a unix kill command received.
A shortcut for the `host#RegisterOnInterrupt`.
var WithFireMethodNotAllowed = func(app *Application) { app.config.FireMethodNotAllowed = true }
WithFireMethodNotAllowed enanbles the FireMethodNotAllowed setting.
See `Configuration`.
var WithOptimizations = func(app *Application) { app.config.EnableOptimizations = true }
WithOptimizations can force the application to optimize for the best performance where is possible.
See `Configuration`.
var WithPathEscape = func(app *Application) { app.config.EnablePathEscape = true }
WithPathEscape enanbles the PathEscape setting.
See `Configuration`.
var WithoutAutoFireStatusCode = func(app *Application) { app.config.DisableAutoFireStatusCode = true }
WithoutAutoFireStatusCode disables the AutoFireStatusCode setting.
See `Configuration`.
var WithoutBanner = WithoutStartupLog
WithoutBanner is a conversion for the `WithoutStartupLog` option.
Turns off the information send, once, to the terminal when the main server is open.
var WithoutBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal = func(app *Application) { app.config.DisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal = true }
WithoutBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal disables BodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal setting.
See `Configuration`.
var WithoutInterruptHandler = func(app *Application) { app.config.DisableInterruptHandler = true }
WithoutInterruptHandler disables the automatic graceful server shutdown when control/cmd+C pressed.
var WithoutPathCorrection = func(app *Application) { app.config.DisablePathCorrection = true }
WithoutPathCorrection disables the PathCorrection setting.
See `Configuration`.
var WithoutStartupLog = func(app *Application) { app.config.DisableStartupLog = true }
WithoutStartupLog turns off the information send, once, to the terminal when the main server is open.
var WithoutVersionChecker = func(app *Application) { app.config.DisableVersionChecker = true }
WithoutVersionChecker will disable the version checker and updater.
Functions ¶
Types ¶
type Application ¶
type Application struct {
// routing embedded | exposing APIBuilder's and Router's public API.
*router.APIBuilder
*router.Router
ContextPool *context.Pool
// Hosts contains a list of all servers (Host Supervisors) that this app is running on.
//
// Hosts may be empty only if application ran(`app.Run`) with `iris.Raw` option runner,
// otherwise it contains a single host (`app.Hosts[0]`).
//
// Additional Host Supervisors can be added to that list by calling the `app.NewHost` manually.
//
// Hosts field is available after `Run` or `NewHost`.
Hosts []*host.Supervisor
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
Application is responsible to manage the state of the application. It contains and handles all the necessary parts to create a fast web server.
func Default ¶
func Default() *Application
Default returns a new Application instance which, unlike `New`, recovers on panics and logs the incoming http requests.
func New ¶
func New() *Application
New creates and returns a fresh empty iris *Application instance.
func (*Application) Build ¶
func (app *Application) Build() error
Build sets up, once, the framework. It builds the default router with its default macros and the template functions that are very-closed to iris.
func (*Application) ConfigurationReadOnly ¶
func (app *Application) ConfigurationReadOnly() context.ConfigurationReadOnly
ConfigurationReadOnly returns an object which doesn't allow field writing.
func (*Application) Configure ¶
func (app *Application) Configure(configurators ...Configurator) *Application
Configure can called when modifications to the framework instance needed. It accepts the framework instance and returns an error which if it's not nil it's printed to the logger. See configuration.go for more.
Returns itself in order to be used like `app:= New().Configure(...)`
func (*Application) ConfigureHost ¶
func (app *Application) ConfigureHost(configurators ...host.Configurator) *Application
ConfigureHost accepts one or more `host#Configuration`, these configurators functions can access the host created by `app.Run`, they're being executed when application is ready to being served to the public.
It's an alternative way to interact with a host that is automatically created by `app.Run`.
These "configurators" can work side-by-side with the `iris#Addr, iris#Server, iris#TLS, iris#AutoTLS, iris#Listener` final arguments("hostConfigs") too.
Note that these application's host "configurators" will be shared with the rest of the hosts that this app will may create (using `app.NewHost`), meaning that `app.NewHost` will execute these "configurators" everytime that is being called as well.
These "configurators" should be registered before the `app.Run` or `host.Serve/Listen` functions.
func (*Application) Logger ¶
func (app *Application) Logger() *golog.Logger
Logger returns the golog logger instance(pointer) that is being used inside the "app".
Available levels: - "disable" - "fatal" - "error" - "warn" - "info" - "debug" Usage: app.Logger().SetLevel("error") Defaults to "info" level.
Callers can use the application's logger which is the same `golog.Default` logger, to print custom logs too. Usage: app.Logger().Error/Errorf("...") app.Logger().Warn/Warnf("...") app.Logger().Info/Infof("...") app.Logger().Debug/Debugf("...")
Setting one or more outputs: app.Logger().SetOutput(io.Writer...) Adding one or more outputs : app.Logger().AddOutput(io.Writer...)
Adding custom levels requires import of the `github.com/kataras/golog` package:
First we create our level to a golog.Level
in order to be used in the Log functions.
var SuccessLevel golog.Level = 6
Register our level, just three fields.
golog.Levels[SuccessLevel] = &golog.LevelMetadata{
Name: "success",
RawText: "[SUCC]",
// ColorfulText (Green Color[SUCC])
ColorfulText: "\x1b[32m[SUCC]\x1b[0m",
}
Usage: app.Logger().SetLevel("success") app.Logger().Logf(SuccessLevel, "a custom leveled log message")
func (*Application) NewHost ¶
func (app *Application) NewHost(srv *http.Server) *host.Supervisor
NewHost accepts a standar *http.Server object, completes the necessary missing parts of that "srv" and returns a new, ready-to-use, host (supervisor).
func (*Application) RegisterView ¶
func (app *Application) RegisterView(viewEngine view.Engine)
RegisterView should be used to register view engines mapping to a root directory and the template file(s) extension.
func (*Application) Run ¶
func (app *Application) Run(serve Runner, withOrWithout ...Configurator) error
Run builds the framework and starts the desired `Runner` with or without configuration edits.
Run should be called only once per Application instance, it blocks like http.Server.
If more than one server needed to run on the same iris instance then create a new host and run it manually by `go NewHost(*http.Server).Serve/ListenAndServe` etc... or use an already created host: h := NewHost(*http.Server) Run(Raw(h.ListenAndServe), WithCharset("UTF-8"),
WithRemoteAddrHeader("CF-Connecting-IP"),
WithoutServerError(iris.ErrServerClosed))
The Application can go online with any type of server or iris's host with the help of the following runners: `Listener`, `Server`, `Addr`, `TLS`, `AutoTLS` and `Raw`.
func (*Application) SPA ¶
func (app *Application) SPA(assetHandler context.Handler)
SPA accepts an "assetHandler" which can be the result of an app.StaticHandler or app.StaticEmbeddedHandler. It wraps the router and checks: if it;s an asset, if the request contains "." (this behavior can be changed via /core/router.NewSPABuilder), if the request is index, redirects back to the "/" in order to let the root handler to be executed, if it's not an asset then it executes the router, so the rest of registered routes can be executed without conflicts with the file server ("assetHandler").
Use that instead of `StaticWeb` for root "/" file server.
Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/file-server/single-page-application
func (*Application) Shutdown ¶
func (app *Application) Shutdown(ctx stdContext.Context) error
Shutdown gracefully terminates all the application's server hosts. Returns an error on the first failure, otherwise nil.
func (*Application) View ¶
func (app *Application) View(writer io.Writer, filename string, layout string, bindingData interface{}) error
View executes and writes the result of a template file to the writer.
First parameter is the writer to write the parsed template. Second parameter is the relative, to templates directory, template filename, including extension. Third parameter is the layout, can be empty string. Forth parameter is the bindable data to the template, can be nil.
Use context.View to render templates to the client instead. Returns an error on failure, otherwise nil.
type Configuration ¶
type Configuration struct {
// IgnoreServerErrors will cause to ignore the matched "errors"
// from the main application's `Run` function.
// This is a slice of string, not a slice of error
// users can register these errors using yaml or toml configuration file
// like the rest of the configuration fields.
//
// See `WithoutServerError(...)` function too.
//
// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/http-listening/listen-addr/omit-server-errors
//
// Defaults to an empty slice.
IgnoreServerErrors []string `yaml:"IgnoreServerErrors" toml:"IgnoreServerErrors"`
// DisableStartupLog if setted to true then it turns off the write banner on server startup.
//
// Defaults to false.
DisableStartupLog bool `yaml:"DisableStartupLog" toml:"DisableStartupLog"`
// DisableInterruptHandler if setted to true then it disables the automatic graceful server shutdown
// when control/cmd+C pressed.
// Turn this to true if you're planning to handle this by your own via a custom host.Task.
//
// Defaults to false.
DisableInterruptHandler bool `yaml:"DisableInterruptHandler" toml:"DisableInterruptHandler"`
// DisableVersionChecker if true then process will be not be notified for any available updates.
//
// Defaults to false.
DisableVersionChecker bool `yaml:"DisableVersionChecker" toml:"DisableVersionChecker"`
// DisablePathCorrection corrects and redirects the requested path to the registered path
// for example, if /home/ path is requested but no handler for this Route found,
// then the Router checks if /home handler exists, if yes,
// (permant)redirects the client to the correct path /home
//
// Defaults to false.
DisablePathCorrection bool `yaml:"DisablePathCorrection" toml:"DisablePathCorrection"`
// EnablePathEscape when is true then its escapes the path, the named parameters (if any).
// Change to false it if you want something like this https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/135 to work
//
// When do you need to Disable(false) it:
// accepts parameters with slash '/'
// Request: http://localhost:8080/details/Project%2FDelta
// ctx.Param("project") returns the raw named parameter: Project%2FDelta
// which you can escape it manually with net/url:
// projectName, _ := url.QueryUnescape(c.Param("project").
//
// Defaults to false.
EnablePathEscape bool `yaml:"EnablePathEscape" toml:"EnablePathEscape"`
// EnableOptimization when this field is true
// then the application tries to optimize for the best performance where is possible.
//
// Defaults to false.
EnableOptimizations bool `yaml:"EnableOptimizations" toml:"EnableOptimizations"`
// FireMethodNotAllowed if it's true router checks for StatusMethodNotAllowed(405) and
// fires the 405 error instead of 404
// Defaults to false.
FireMethodNotAllowed bool `yaml:"FireMethodNotAllowed" toml:"FireMethodNotAllowed"`
// DisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal manages the reading behavior of the context's body readers/binders.
// If setted to true then it
// disables the body consumption by the `context.UnmarshalBody/ReadJSON/ReadXML`.
//
// By-default io.ReadAll` is used to read the body from the `context.Request.Body which is an `io.ReadCloser`,
// if this field setted to true then a new buffer will be created to read from and the request body.
// The body will not be changed and existing data before the
// context.UnmarshalBody/ReadJSON/ReadXML will be not consumed.
DisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal bool `yaml:"DisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal" toml:"DisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal"`
// DisableAutoFireStatusCode if true then it turns off the http error status code handler automatic execution
// from "context.StatusCode(>=400)" and instead app should manually call the "context.FireStatusCode(>=400)".
//
// By-default a custom http error handler will be fired when "context.StatusCode(code)" called,
// code should be >=400 in order to be received as an "http error handler".
//
// Developer may want this option to setted as true in order to manually call the
// error handlers when needed via "context.FireStatusCode(>=400)".
// HTTP Custom error handlers are being registered via app.OnErrorCode(code, handler)".
//
// Defaults to false.
DisableAutoFireStatusCode bool `yaml:"DisableAutoFireStatusCode" toml:"DisableAutoFireStatusCode"`
// TimeFormat time format for any kind of datetime parsing
// Defaults to "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 GMT".
TimeFormat string `yaml:"TimeFormat" toml:"TimeFormat"`
// Charset character encoding for various rendering
// used for templates and the rest of the responses
// Defaults to "UTF-8".
Charset string `yaml:"Charset" toml:"Charset"`
// Context values' keys for various features.
//
// TranslateLanguageContextKey & TranslateFunctionContextKey are used by i18n handlers/middleware
// currently we have only one: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/middleware/i18n.
//
// Defaults to "iris.translate" and "iris.language"
TranslateFunctionContextKey string `yaml:"TranslateFunctionContextKey" toml:"TranslateFunctionContextKey"`
// TranslateLanguageContextKey used for i18n.
//
// Defaults to "iris.language"
TranslateLanguageContextKey string `yaml:"TranslateLanguageContextKey" toml:"TranslateLanguageContextKey"`
// GetViewLayoutContextKey is the key of the context's user values' key
// which is being used to set the template
// layout from a middleware or the main handler.
// Overrides the parent's or the configuration's.
//
// Defaults to "iris.ViewLayout"
ViewLayoutContextKey string `yaml:"ViewLayoutContextKey" toml:"ViewLayoutContextKey"`
// GetViewDataContextKey is the key of the context's user values' key
// which is being used to set the template
// binding data from a middleware or the main handler.
//
// Defaults to "iris.viewData"
ViewDataContextKey string `yaml:"ViewDataContextKey" toml:"ViewDataContextKey"`
// RemoteAddrHeaders returns the allowed request headers names
// that can be valid to parse the client's IP based on.
//
// Defaults to:
// "X-Real-Ip": false,
// "X-Forwarded-For": false,
// "CF-Connecting-IP": false
//
// Look `context.RemoteAddr()` for more.
RemoteAddrHeaders map[string]bool `yaml:"RemoteAddrHeaders" toml:"RemoteAddrHeaders"`
// Other are the custom, dynamic options, can be empty.
// This field used only by you to set any app's options you want
// or by custom adaptors, it's a way to simple communicate between your adaptors (if any)
// Defaults to a non-nil empty map.
Other map[string]interface{} `yaml:"Other" toml:"Other"`
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
Configuration the whole configuration for an iris instance these can be passed via options also, look at the top of this file(configuration.go). Configuration is a valid OptionSetter.
func DefaultConfiguration ¶
func DefaultConfiguration() Configuration
DefaultConfiguration returns the default configuration for an iris station, fills the main Configuration
func TOML ¶
func TOML(filename string) Configuration
TOML reads Configuration from a toml-compatible document file. Read more about toml's implementation at: https://github.com/toml-lang/toml
Accepts the absolute path of the configuration file. An error will be shown to the user via panic with the error message. Error may occur when the file doesn't exists or is not formatted correctly.
Usage: app := iris.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithConfiguration(iris.YAML("myconfig.tml")))
func YAML ¶
func YAML(filename string) Configuration
YAML reads Configuration from a configuration.yml file.
Accepts the absolute path of the cfg.yml. An error will be shown to the user via panic with the error message. Error may occur when the cfg.yml doesn't exists or is not formatted correctly.
Usage: app := iris.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithConfiguration(iris.YAML("myconfig.yml")))
func (Configuration) GetCharset ¶
func (c Configuration) GetCharset() string
GetCharset returns the Configuration#Charset, the character encoding for various rendering used for templates and the rest of the responses.
func (Configuration) GetDisableAutoFireStatusCode ¶
func (c Configuration) GetDisableAutoFireStatusCode() bool
GetDisableAutoFireStatusCode returns the Configuration#DisableAutoFireStatusCode. Returns true when the http error status code handler automatic execution turned off.
func (Configuration) GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal ¶
func (c Configuration) GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal() bool
GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal returns the Configuration#GetDisableBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal, manages the reading behavior of the context's body readers/binders. If returns true then the body consumption by the `context.UnmarshalBody/ReadJSON/ReadXML` is disabled.
By-default io.ReadAll` is used to read the body from the `context.Request.Body which is an `io.ReadCloser`, if this field setted to true then a new buffer will be created to read from and the request body. The body will not be changed and existing data before the context.UnmarshalBody/ReadJSON/ReadXML will be not consumed.
func (Configuration) GetDisablePathCorrection ¶
func (c Configuration) GetDisablePathCorrection() bool
GetDisablePathCorrection returns the Configuration#DisablePathCorrection, DisablePathCorrection corrects and redirects the requested path to the registered path for example, if /home/ path is requested but no handler for this Route found, then the Router checks if /home handler exists, if yes, (permant)redirects the client to the correct path /home.
func (Configuration) GetEnableOptimizations ¶
func (c Configuration) GetEnableOptimizations() bool
GetEnableOptimizations returns whether the application has performance optimizations enabled.
func (Configuration) GetEnablePathEscape ¶
func (c Configuration) GetEnablePathEscape() bool
GetEnablePathEscape is the Configuration#EnablePathEscape, returns true when its escapes the path, the named parameters (if any).
func (Configuration) GetFireMethodNotAllowed ¶
func (c Configuration) GetFireMethodNotAllowed() bool
GetFireMethodNotAllowed returns the Configuration#FireMethodNotAllowed.
func (Configuration) GetOther ¶
func (c Configuration) GetOther() map[string]interface{}
GetOther returns the Configuration#Other map.
func (Configuration) GetRemoteAddrHeaders ¶
func (c Configuration) GetRemoteAddrHeaders() map[string]bool
GetRemoteAddrHeaders returns the allowed request headers names that can be valid to parse the client's IP based on.
Defaults to: "X-Real-Ip": false, "X-Forwarded-For": false, "CF-Connecting-IP": false
Look `context.RemoteAddr()` for more.
func (Configuration) GetTimeFormat ¶
func (c Configuration) GetTimeFormat() string
GetTimeFormat returns the Configuration#TimeFormat, format for any kind of datetime parsing.
func (Configuration) GetTranslateFunctionContextKey ¶
func (c Configuration) GetTranslateFunctionContextKey() string
GetTranslateFunctionContextKey returns the configuration's TranslateFunctionContextKey value, used for i18n.
func (Configuration) GetTranslateLanguageContextKey ¶
func (c Configuration) GetTranslateLanguageContextKey() string
GetTranslateLanguageContextKey returns the configuration's TranslateLanguageContextKey value, used for i18n.
func (Configuration) GetVHost ¶
func (c Configuration) GetVHost() string
GetVHost returns the non-exported vhost config field.
If original addr ended with :443 or :80, it will return the host without the port. If original addr was :https or :http, it will return localhost. If original addr was 0.0.0.0, it will return localhost.
func (Configuration) GetViewDataContextKey ¶
func (c Configuration) GetViewDataContextKey() string
GetViewDataContextKey returns the key of the context's user values' key which is being used to set the template binding data from a middleware or the main handler.
func (Configuration) GetViewLayoutContextKey ¶
func (c Configuration) GetViewLayoutContextKey() string
GetViewLayoutContextKey returns the key of the context's user values' key which is being used to set the template layout from a middleware or the main handler. Overrides the parent's or the configuration's.
type Configurator ¶
type Configurator func(*Application)
Configurator is just an interface which accepts the framework instance.
It can be used to register a custom configuration with `Configure` in order to modify the framework instance.
Currently Configurator is being used to describe the configuration's fields values.
func WithCharset ¶
func WithCharset(charset string) Configurator
WithCharset sets the Charset setting.
See `Configuration`.
func WithConfiguration ¶
func WithConfiguration(c Configuration) Configurator
WithConfiguration sets the "c" values to the framework's configurations.
Usage: app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithConfiguration(iris.Configuration{/* fields here */ })) or iris.WithConfiguration(iris.YAML("./cfg/iris.yml")) or iris.WithConfiguration(iris.TOML("./cfg/iris.tml"))
func WithOtherValue ¶
func WithOtherValue(key string, val interface{}) Configurator
WithOtherValue adds a value based on a key to the Other setting.
See `Configuration`.
func WithRemoteAddrHeader ¶
func WithRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator
WithRemoteAddrHeader enables or adds a new or existing request header name that can be used to validate the client's real IP.
Existing values are: "X-Real-Ip": false, "X-Forwarded-For": false, "CF-Connecting-IP": false
Look `context.RemoteAddr()` for more.
func WithTimeFormat ¶
func WithTimeFormat(timeformat string) Configurator
WithTimeFormat sets the TimeFormat setting.
See `Configuration`.
func WithoutRemoteAddrHeader ¶
func WithoutRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator
WithoutRemoteAddrHeader disables an existing request header name that can be used to validate the client's real IP.
Existing values are: "X-Real-Ip": false, "X-Forwarded-For": false, "CF-Connecting-IP": false
Look `context.RemoteAddr()` for more.
func WithoutServerError ¶
func WithoutServerError(errors ...error) Configurator
WithoutServerError will cause to ignore the matched "errors" from the main application's `Run` function.
Usage: err := app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithoutServerError(iris.ErrServerClosed)) will return `nil` if the server's error was `http/iris#ErrServerClosed`.
See `Configuration#IgnoreServerErrors []string` too.
Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/http-listening/listen-addr/omit-server-errors
type Context ¶
Context is the midle-man server's "object" for the clients.
A New context is being acquired from a sync.Pool on each connection. The Context is the most important thing on the iris's http flow.
Developers send responses to the client's request through a Context. Developers get request information from the client's request by a Context.
type Controller ¶
type Controller = mvc.Controller
Controller is the base controller for the high level controllers instances.
This base controller is used as an alternative way of building APIs, the controller can register all type of http methods.
Keep note that controllers are bit slow because of the reflection use however it's as fast as possible because it does preparation before the serve-time handler but still remains slower than the low-level handlers such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch`.
All fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"` are being persistence and kept between the different requests, meaning that these data will not be reset-ed on each new request, they will be the same for all requests.
An Example Controller can be:
type IndexController struct {
iris.Controller
}
func (c *IndexController) Get() {
c.Tmpl = "index.html"
c.Data["title"] = "Index page"
c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
}
Usage: app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
Another example with persistence data:
type UserController struct {
iris.Controller
CreatedAt time.Time `iris:"persistence"`
Title string `iris:"persistence"`
DB *DB `iris:"persistence"`
}
// Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
func (c *UserController) Get() {
c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
c.Data["title"] = c.Title
c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
}
Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", &UserController{
CreatedAt: time.Now(),
Title: "User page",
DB: yourDB,
})
Look `core/router#APIBuilder#Controller` method too.
A shortcut for the `mvc#Controller`, useful when `app.Controller` is being used.
A Controller can be declared by importing the "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc" package for machines that have not installed go1.9 yet.
type Handler ¶
A Handler responds to an HTTP request. It writes reply headers and data to the Context.ResponseWriter() and then return. Returning signals that the request is finished; it is not valid to use the Context after or concurrently with the completion of the Handler call.
Depending on the HTTP client software, HTTP protocol version, and any intermediaries between the client and the iris server, it may not be possible to read from the Context.Request().Body after writing to the context.ResponseWriter(). Cautious handlers should read the Context.Request().Body first, and then reply.
Except for reading the body, handlers should not modify the provided Context.
If Handler panics, the server (the caller of Handler) assumes that the effect of the panic was isolated to the active request. It recovers the panic, logs a stack trace to the server error log, and hangs up the connection.
type Party ¶
Party is just a group joiner of routes which have the same prefix and share same middleware(s) also. Party could also be named as 'Join' or 'Node' or 'Group' , Party chosen because it is fun.
Look the `core/router#APIBuilder` for its implementation.
A shortcut for the `core/router#Party`, useful when `PartyFunc` is being used.
type Runner ¶
type Runner func(*Application) error
Runner is just an interface which accepts the framework instance and returns an error.
It can be used to register a custom runner with `Run` in order to set the framework's server listen action.
Currently Runner is being used to declare the built'n server listeners.
See `Run` for more.
func Addr ¶
func Addr(addr string, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
Addr can be used as an argument for the `Run` method. It accepts a host address which is used to build a server and a listener which listens on that host and port.
Addr should have the form of host:port, i.e localhost:8080 or :8080.
Second argument is optional, it accepts one or more `func(*host.Configurator)` that are being executed on that specific host that this function will create to start the server. Via host configurators you can configure the back-end host supervisor, i.e to add events for shutdown, serve or error. An example of this use case can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http-listening/notify-on-shutdown/main.go Look at the `ConfigureHost` too.
See `Run` for more.
func AutoTLS ¶
AutoTLS can be used as an argument for the `Run` method. It will start the Application's secure server using certifications created on the fly by the "autocert" golang/x package, so localhost may not be working, use it at "production" machine.
Addr should have the form of host:port, i.e mydomain.com:443 or :443.
The whitelisted domains are separated by whitespace in "domain" argument, i.e "iris-go.com", can be different than "addr". If empty, all hosts are currently allowed. This is not recommended, as it opens a potential attack where clients connect to a server by IP address and pretend to be asking for an incorrect host name. Manager will attempt to obtain a certificate for that host, incorrectly, eventually reaching the CA's rate limit for certificate requests and making it impossible to obtain actual certificates.
For an "e-mail" use a non-public one, letsencrypt needs that for your own security.
Note: If domain is not empty and the server's port was "443" then it will start a new server, automatically for you, which will redirect all http versions to their https as well.
Last argument is optional, it accepts one or more `func(*host.Configurator)` that are being executed on that specific host that this function will create to start the server. Via host configurators you can configure the back-end host supervisor, i.e to add events for shutdown, serve or error. An example of this use case can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http-listening/notify-on-shutdown/main.go Look at the `ConfigureHost` too.
Usage: app.Run(iris.AutoTLS(":443", "example.com", "mail@example.com"))
See `Run` and `core/host/Supervisor#ListenAndServeAutoTLS` for more.
func Listener ¶
func Listener(l net.Listener, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
Listener can be used as an argument for the `Run` method. It can start a server with a custom net.Listener via server's `Serve`.
Second argument is optional, it accepts one or more `func(*host.Configurator)` that are being executed on that specific host that this function will create to start the server. Via host configurators you can configure the back-end host supervisor, i.e to add events for shutdown, serve or error. An example of this use case can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http-listening/notify-on-shutdown/main.go Look at the `ConfigureHost` too.
See `Run` for more.
func Raw ¶
Raw can be used as an argument for the `Run` method. It accepts any (listen) function that returns an error, this function should be block and return an error only when the server exited or a fatal error caused.
With this option you're not limited to the servers that iris can run by-default.
See `Run` for more.
func Server ¶
func Server(srv *http.Server, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
Server can be used as an argument for the `Run` method. It can start a server with a *http.Server.
Second argument is optional, it accepts one or more `func(*host.Configurator)` that are being executed on that specific host that this function will create to start the server. Via host configurators you can configure the back-end host supervisor, i.e to add events for shutdown, serve or error. An example of this use case can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http-listening/notify-on-shutdown/main.go Look at the `ConfigureHost` too.
See `Run` for more.
func TLS ¶
func TLS(addr string, certFile, keyFile string, hostConfigs ...host.Configurator) Runner
TLS can be used as an argument for the `Run` method. It will start the Application's secure server.
Use it like you used to use the http.ListenAndServeTLS function.
Addr should have the form of host:port, i.e localhost:443 or :443. CertFile & KeyFile should be filenames with their extensions.
Second argument is optional, it accepts one or more `func(*host.Configurator)` that are being executed on that specific host that this function will create to start the server. Via host configurators you can configure the back-end host supervisor, i.e to add events for shutdown, serve or error. An example of this use case can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/http-listening/notify-on-shutdown/main.go Look at the `ConfigureHost` too.
See `Run` for more.
type SessionController ¶
type SessionController = mvc.SessionController
SessionController is a simple `Controller` implementation which requires a binded session manager in order to give direct access to the current client's session via its `Session` field.
type Supervisor ¶
type Supervisor = host.Supervisor
Supervisor is a shortcut of the `host#Supervisor`. Used to add supervisor configurators on common Runners without the need of importing the `core/host` package.
Source Files
Directories
¶
| Path | Synopsis |
|---|---|
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_benchmarks
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_examples
|
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|
http-listening/listen-letsencrypt
Package main provide one-line integration with letsencrypt.org
|
Package main provide one-line integration with letsencrypt.org |
|
http_request/read-form
package main contains an example on how to use the ReadForm, but with the same way you can do the ReadJSON & ReadJSON
|
package main contains an example on how to use the ReadForm, but with the same way you can do the ReadJSON & ReadJSON |
|
orm/xorm
Package main shows how an orm can be used within your web app it just inserts a column and select the first.
|
Package main shows how an orm can be used within your web app it just inserts a column and select the first. |
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subdomains/single
Package main register static subdomains, simple as parties, check ./hosts if you use windows
|
Package main register static subdomains, simple as parties, check ./hosts if you use windows |
|
subdomains/wildcard
Package main an example on how to catch dynamic subdomains - wildcard.
|
Package main an example on how to catch dynamic subdomains - wildcard. |
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tutorial/url-shortener
Package main shows how you can create a simple URL Shortener.
|
Package main shows how you can create a simple URL Shortener. |
|
view/template_html_3
Package main an example on how to naming your routes & use the custom 'url path' HTML Template Engine, same for other template engines.
|
Package main an example on how to naming your routes & use the custom 'url path' HTML Template Engine, same for other template engines. |
|
view/template_html_4
Package main an example on how to naming your routes & use the custom 'url' HTML Template Engine, same for other template engines.
|
Package main an example on how to naming your routes & use the custom 'url' HTML Template Engine, same for other template engines. |
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ruleset
Package ruleset provides the basics rules which are being extended by rules.
|
Package ruleset provides the basics rules which are being extended by rules. |
|
core
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|
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memstore
Package memstore contains a store which is just a collection of key-value entries with immutability capabilities.
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Package memstore contains a store which is just a collection of key-value entries with immutability capabilities. |
|
middleware
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basicauth
Package basicauth provides http basic authentication via middleware.
|
Package basicauth provides http basic authentication via middleware. |
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i18n
Package i18n provides internalization and localization via middleware.
|
Package i18n provides internalization and localization via middleware. |
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logger
Package logger provides request logging via middleware.
|
Package logger provides request logging via middleware. |
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pprof
Package pprof provides native pprof support via middleware.
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Package pprof provides native pprof support via middleware. |
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recover
Package recover provides recovery for specific routes or for the whole app via middleware.
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Package recover provides recovery for specific routes or for the whole app via middleware. |
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Package typescript provides a typescript compiler with hot-reloader and optionally a cloud-based editor, called 'alm-tools'.
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Package typescript provides a typescript compiler with hot-reloader and optionally a cloud-based editor, called 'alm-tools'. |
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Package websocket provides rich websocket support for the iris web framework.
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Package websocket provides rich websocket support for the iris web framework. |