fvm

package
v0.15.3-patch.3 Latest Latest
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 Go to latest Published: Apr 7, 2021 License: AGPL-3.0 Imports: 34 Imported by: 24

README

Flow Virtual Machine (FVM)

The Flow Virtual Machine (FVM) augments the Cadence runtime with the domain-specific functionality required by the Flow protocol.

Usage

Quickstart
import (
    "github.com/onflow/cadence/runtime"
    "github.com/onflow/flow-go/fvm"
    "github.com/onflow/flow-go/fvm/state"
    "github.com/onflow/flow-go/model/flow"
)

vm := fvm.New(runtime.NewInterpreterRuntime())

tx := flow.NewTransactionBody().
    SetScript([]byte(`transaction { execute { log("Hello, World!") } }`))

ctx := fvm.NewContext()
ledger := state.NewMapLedger()

txIndex := uint32(0)
txProc := fvm.Transaction(tx, txIndex)

err := vm.Run(ctx, txProc, ledger)
if err != nil {
  panic("fatal error during transaction procedure!")
}

fmt.Println(txProc.Logs[0]) // prints "Hello, World!"
Procedure

The FVM interacts with the Flow execution state by running atomic procedures against a shared ledger. A Procedure is an operation that can be applied to a Ledger.

Procedure Types
Transactions (Read/write)

A TransactionProcedure is an operation that mutates the ledger state.

A transaction procedure can be created from a flow.TransactionBody:

var tx flow.TransactionBody
var txIndex uint32

i := fvm.Transaction(tx, txIndex)

A transaction procedure has the following steps:

  1. Verify all transaction signatures against the current ledger state
  2. Validate and increment the proposal key sequence number
  3. Deduct transaction fee from the payer account
  4. Invoke transaction script with provided arguments and authorizers
Scripts (Read-only)

A ScriptProcedure is an operation that reads from the ledger state.

foo := fvm.Script([]byte(`fun main(): Int { return 42 }`))

A script can have optionally bound arguments:

script := fvm.Script([]byte(`fun main(x: Int): Int { x * 2 }`))

foo := script.WithArguments(argA)
bar := script.WithArguments(argB)
Contexts

The VM runs procedures inside of an execution context that defines the host functionality provided to the Cadence runtime. A Context instance is an immutable object, and any changes to a context must be made by spawning a new child context.

vm := fvm.New(runtime.NewInterpreterRuntime())

globalCtx := fvm.NewContext()

// create separate contexts for different blocks
block1Ctx := fvm.NewContextFromParent(globalCtx, fvm.WithBlockHeader(block1))
block2Ctx := fvm.NewContextFromParent(globalCtx, fvm.WithBlockHeader(block2))

// contexts can be safely used in parallel
go executeBlock(vm, block1Ctx)
go executeBlock(vm, block2Ctx)
Context Options

TODO: document context options

Design

The structure of the FVM package is intended to promote the following:

  • Determinism: the VM should be consistent and predictable, producing identical results given the same inputs.
  • Performance: the VM should expose functionality that allows the caller to exploit parallelism and pre-computation.
  • Flexibility: the VM should support a variety of use cases including not only execution and verification, but also developer tooling and network emulation.
Context

A Context is a reusable component that simply defines the parameters of an execution environment. For example, all transactions within the same block would share a common Context configured with the relevant block data.

Contexts can be arbitrarily nested. A child context inherits the parameters of its parent, but is free to override any parameters that it chooses.

HostEnvironment

A HostEnvironment is a short-lived component that is consumed by a procedure. A HostEnvironment is the interface through which the VM communicates with the Cadence runtime. The HostEnvironment provides information about the current Context and also collects logs, events and metrics emitted from the runtime.

Procedure Lifecycle

The diagram below illustrates the relationship between contexts, host environments and procedures. Multiple procedures can reuse the same context, each of which is supplied with a unique HostEnvironment instance.

fvm

TODO

  • Improve error handling
  • Create list of all missing test cases
  • Implement missing test cases
  • Documentation
    • Transaction validation (signatures, sequence numbers)
    • Fee payments
    • Address generation
    • Account management
    • Bootstrapping
    • Ledger usage

Open Questions

  • Currently the caller is responsible for providing the correct Ledger instance when running a procedure. When performing atomic operations in batches (i.e blocks or chunks), multiple ledgers are spawned in a hierarchy similar to that of multiple Context instances. Does it make sense for the fvm package to manage ledgers as well?

Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	DefaultGasLimit                     = 100_000 // 100K
	DefaultEventCollectionByteSizeLimit = 256_000 // 256KB
	DefaultMaxNumOfTxRetries            = 3
)
View Source 
const AccountKeyWeightThreshold = 1000

Variables

View Source 
var DefaultAccountCreationFee = func() cadence.UFix64 {
	value, err := cadence.NewUFix64("0.10000000")
	if err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid default account creation fee: %w", err))
	}
	return value
}()
View Source 
var DefaultMinimumStorageReservation = func() cadence.UFix64 {
	value, err := cadence.NewUFix64("0.10000000")
	if err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid default minimum storage reservation: %w", err))
	}
	return value
}()
View Source 
var DefaultTransactionFees = func() cadence.UFix64 {
	value, err := cadence.NewUFix64("0.0001")
	if err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid default transaction fees: %w", err))
	}
	return value
}()

DefaultTransactionFees are the default transaction fees if transaction fees are on. If they are off (which is the default behaviour) that means the transaction fees are 0.0.

Functions

func CryptoToRuntimeHashingAlgorithm added in v0.15.0 

func CryptoToRuntimeHashingAlgorithm(h hash.HashingAlgorithm) runtime.HashAlgorithm

CryptoToRuntimeHashingAlgorithm converts a crypto hashing algorithm to a runtime hash algorithm.

func CryptoToRuntimeSigningAlgorithm added in v0.15.0 

func CryptoToRuntimeSigningAlgorithm(s crypto.SigningAlgorithm) runtime.SignatureAlgorithm

CryptoToRuntimeSigningAlgorithm converts a crypto signature algorithm to a runtime signature algorithm.

func FlowFeesAddress added in v0.14.0 

func FlowFeesAddress(chain flow.Chain) flow.Address

func FlowTokenAddress 

func FlowTokenAddress(chain flow.Chain) flow.Address

func FungibleTokenAddress 

func FungibleTokenAddress(chain flow.Chain) flow.Address

func NewInterpreterRuntime added in v0.15.1 

func NewInterpreterRuntime() runtime.Runtime

func RuntimeToCryptoHashingAlgorithm added in v0.15.0 

func RuntimeToCryptoHashingAlgorithm(s runtime.HashAlgorithm) hash.HashingAlgorithm

RuntimeToCryptoHashingAlgorithm converts a runtime hash algorithm to a crypto hashing algorithm.

func RuntimeToCryptoSigningAlgorithm added in v0.15.0 

func RuntimeToCryptoSigningAlgorithm(s runtime.SignatureAlgorithm) crypto.SigningAlgorithm

RuntimeToCryptoSigningAlgorithm converts a runtime signature algorithm to a crypto signature algorithm.

func SystemChunkTransaction 

func SystemChunkTransaction(serviceAddress flow.Address) *flow.TransactionBody

SystemChunkTransaction creates and returns the transaction corresponding to the system chunk at the specified service address.

Types

type Blocks 

type Blocks interface {
	// ByHeight returns the block at the given height in the chain ending in `header` (or finalized
	// if `header` is nil). This enables querying un-finalized blocks by height with respect to the
	// chain defined by the block we are executing.
	ByHeightFrom(height uint64, header *flow.Header) (*flow.Header, error)
}

func NewBlockFinder added in v0.13.0 

func NewBlockFinder(storage storage.Headers) Blocks

type BlocksFinder added in v0.13.0 

type BlocksFinder struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func (*BlocksFinder) ByHeightFrom added in v0.13.0 

func (b *BlocksFinder) ByHeightFrom(height uint64, header *flow.Header) (*flow.Header, error)

type BootstrapProcedure 

type BootstrapProcedure struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A BootstrapProcedure is an invokable that can be used to bootstrap the ledger state with the default accounts and contracts required by the Flow virtual machine.

func Bootstrap 

func Bootstrap(
	serviceAccountPublicKey flow.AccountPublicKey,
	opts ...BootstrapProcedureOption,
) *BootstrapProcedure

Bootstrap returns a new BootstrapProcedure instance configured with the provided genesis parameters.

func (*BootstrapProcedure) Run 

func (b *BootstrapProcedure) Run(vm *VirtualMachine, ctx Context, sth *state.StateHolder, programs *programs.Programs) error

type BootstrapProcedureOption added in v0.14.0 

type BootstrapProcedureOption func(*BootstrapProcedure) *BootstrapProcedure

func WithAccountCreationFee added in v0.14.0 

func WithAccountCreationFee(fee cadence.UFix64) BootstrapProcedureOption

func WithInitialTokenSupply added in v0.14.0 

func WithInitialTokenSupply(supply cadence.UFix64) BootstrapProcedureOption

func WithMinimumStorageReservation added in v0.14.0 

func WithMinimumStorageReservation(reservation cadence.UFix64) BootstrapProcedureOption

func WithTransactionFee added in v0.14.0 

func WithTransactionFee(fee cadence.UFix64) BootstrapProcedureOption

type Context 

type Context struct {
	Chain                            flow.Chain
	Blocks                           Blocks
	Metrics                          *MetricsCollector
	Tracer                           module.Tracer
	GasLimit                         uint64
	MaxStateKeySize                  uint64
	MaxStateValueSize                uint64
	MaxStateInteractionSize          uint64
	EventCollectionByteSizeLimit     uint64
	MaxNumOfTxRetries                uint8
	BlockHeader                      *flow.Header
	ServiceAccountEnabled            bool
	RestrictedAccountCreationEnabled bool
	RestrictedDeploymentEnabled      bool
	LimitAccountStorage              bool
	CadenceLoggingEnabled            bool
	AccountFreezeAvailable           bool
	SetValueHandler                  SetValueHandler
	SignatureVerifier                SignatureVerifier
	TransactionProcessors            []TransactionProcessor
	ScriptProcessors                 []ScriptProcessor
	Logger                           zerolog.Logger
}

A Context defines a set of execution parameters used by the virtual machine.

func NewContext 

func NewContext(logger zerolog.Logger, opts ...Option) Context

NewContext initializes a new execution context with the provided options.

func NewContextFromParent 

func NewContextFromParent(parent Context, opts ...Option) Context

NewContextFromParent spawns a child execution context with the provided options.

type DefaultSignatureVerifier 

type DefaultSignatureVerifier struct{}

func NewDefaultSignatureVerifier 

func NewDefaultSignatureVerifier() DefaultSignatureVerifier

func (DefaultSignatureVerifier) Verify 

func (DefaultSignatureVerifier) Verify(
	signature []byte,
	tag []byte,
	message []byte,
	publicKey crypto.PublicKey,
	hashAlgo hash.HashingAlgorithm,
) (bool, error)

type MetricsCollector 

type MetricsCollector struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A MetricsCollector accumulates performance metrics reported by the Cadence runtime.

A single collector instance will sum all reported values. For example, the "parsed" field will be incremented each time a program is parsed.

func NewMetricsCollector 

func NewMetricsCollector() *MetricsCollector

NewMetricsCollectors returns a new runtime metrics collector.

func (*MetricsCollector) Checked 

func (m *MetricsCollector) Checked() time.Duration

func (*MetricsCollector) Interpreted 

func (m *MetricsCollector) Interpreted() time.Duration

func (*MetricsCollector) Parsed 

func (m *MetricsCollector) Parsed() time.Duration

func (*MetricsCollector) ValueDecoded added in v0.14.0 

func (m *MetricsCollector) ValueDecoded() time.Duration

func (*MetricsCollector) ValueEncoded added in v0.14.0 

func (m *MetricsCollector) ValueEncoded() time.Duration

type Option 

type Option func(ctx Context) Context

An Option sets a configuration parameter for a virtual machine context.

func WithAccountFreezeAvailable added in v0.15.1 

func WithAccountFreezeAvailable(accountFreezeAvailable bool) Option

WithAccountFreezeAvailable sets availability of account freeze function for a virtual machine context.

With this option set to true, a setAccountFreeze function will be enabled for transactions processed by the VM

func WithAccountStorageLimit added in v0.14.0 

func WithAccountStorageLimit(enabled bool) Option

WithAccountStorageLimit enables or disables checking if account storage used is over its storage capacity

func WithBlockHeader 

func WithBlockHeader(header *flow.Header) Option

WithBlockHeader sets the block header for a virtual machine context.

The VM uses the header to provide current block information to the Cadence runtime, as well as to seed the pseudorandom number generator.

func WithBlocks 

func WithBlocks(blocks Blocks) Option

WithBlocks sets the block storage provider for a virtual machine context.

The VM uses the block storage provider to provide historical block information to the Cadence runtime.

func WithCadenceLogging added in v0.13.1 

func WithCadenceLogging(enabled bool) Option

WithCadenceLogging enables or disables Cadence logging for a virtual machine context.

func WithChain 

func WithChain(chain flow.Chain) Option

WithChain sets the chain parameters for a virtual machine context.

func WithEventCollectionSizeLimit added in v0.13.1 

func WithEventCollectionSizeLimit(limit uint64) Option

WithEventCollectionSizeLimit sets the event collection byte size limit for a virtual machine context.

func WithGasLimit 

func WithGasLimit(limit uint64) Option

WithGasLimit sets the gas limit for a virtual machine context.

func WithMaxStateInteractionSize added in v0.14.0 

func WithMaxStateInteractionSize(limit uint64) Option

WithMaxStateInteractionSize sets the byte size limit for total interaction with ledger. this prevents attacks such as reading all large registers

func WithMaxStateKeySize added in v0.14.0 

func WithMaxStateKeySize(limit uint64) Option

WithMaxStateKeySize sets the byte size limit for ledger keys

func WithMaxStateValueSize added in v0.14.0 

func WithMaxStateValueSize(limit uint64) Option

WithMaxStateValueSize sets the byte size limit for ledger values

func WithMetricsCollector 

func WithMetricsCollector(mc *MetricsCollector) Option

WithMetricsCollector sets the metrics collector for a virtual machine context.

A metrics collector is used to gather metrics reported by the Cadence runtime.

func WithRestrictedAccountCreation 

func WithRestrictedAccountCreation(enabled bool) Option

WithRestrictedAccountCreation enables or disables restricted account creation for a virtual machine context

func WithRestrictedDeployment 

func WithRestrictedDeployment(enabled bool) Option

WithRestrictedDeployment enables or disables restricted contract deployment for a virtual machine context.

func WithServiceAccount 

func WithServiceAccount(enabled bool) Option

WithServiceAccount enables or disables calls to the Flow service account.

func WithSetValueHandler 

func WithSetValueHandler(handler SetValueHandler) Option

WithSetValueHandler sets a handler that is called when a value is written by the Cadence runtime.

func WithSignatureVerifier 

func WithSignatureVerifier(verifier SignatureVerifier) Option

WithSignatureVerifier sets the signature verifier

func WithTracer added in v0.14.5 

func WithTracer(tr module.Tracer) Option

WithTracer sets the tracer for a virtual machine context.

func WithTransactionProcessors 

func WithTransactionProcessors(processors ...TransactionProcessor) Option

WithTransactionProcessors sets the transaction processors for a virtual machine context.

type Procedure 

type Procedure interface {
	Run(vm *VirtualMachine, ctx Context, sth *state.StateHolder, programs *programs.Programs) error
}

An Procedure is an operation (or set of operations) that reads or writes ledger state.

type ScriptInvocator 

type ScriptInvocator struct{}

func NewScriptInvocator 

func NewScriptInvocator() ScriptInvocator

func (ScriptInvocator) Process 

func (i ScriptInvocator) Process(
	vm *VirtualMachine,
	ctx Context,
	proc *ScriptProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	programs *programs.Programs,
) error

type ScriptProcedure 

type ScriptProcedure struct {
	ID        flow.Identifier
	Script    []byte
	Arguments [][]byte
	Value     cadence.Value
	Logs      []string
	Events    []flow.Event
	// TODO: report gas consumption: https://github.com/dapperlabs/flow-go/issues/4139
	GasUsed uint64
	Err     errors.Error
}

func Script 

func Script(code []byte) *ScriptProcedure

func (*ScriptProcedure) Run 

func (proc *ScriptProcedure) Run(vm *VirtualMachine, ctx Context, sth *state.StateHolder, programs *programs.Programs) error

func (*ScriptProcedure) WithArguments 

func (proc *ScriptProcedure) WithArguments(args ...[]byte) *ScriptProcedure

type ScriptProcessor 

type ScriptProcessor interface {
	Process(*VirtualMachine, Context, *ScriptProcedure, *state.StateHolder, *programs.Programs) error
}

type SetValueHandler 

type SetValueHandler func(owner flow.Address, key string, value cadence.Value) error

SetValueHandler receives a value written by the Cadence runtime.

type SignatureVerifier 

type SignatureVerifier interface {
	Verify(
		signature []byte,
		tag []byte,
		message []byte,
		publicKey crypto.PublicKey,
		hashAlgo hash.HashingAlgorithm,
	) (bool, error)
}

type TransactionAccountFrozenChecker added in v0.15.1 

type TransactionAccountFrozenChecker struct{}

func NewTransactionAccountFrozenChecker added in v0.15.1 

func NewTransactionAccountFrozenChecker() *TransactionAccountFrozenChecker

func (*TransactionAccountFrozenChecker) Process added in v0.15.1 

func (c *TransactionAccountFrozenChecker) Process(
	_ *VirtualMachine,
	_ *Context,
	proc *TransactionProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	_ *programs.Programs,
) error

type TransactionAccountFrozenEnabler added in v0.15.1 

type TransactionAccountFrozenEnabler struct{}

func NewTransactionAccountFrozenEnabler added in v0.15.1 

func NewTransactionAccountFrozenEnabler() *TransactionAccountFrozenEnabler

func (*TransactionAccountFrozenEnabler) Process added in v0.15.1 

func (c *TransactionAccountFrozenEnabler) Process(
	_ *VirtualMachine,
	ctx *Context,
	proc *TransactionProcedure,
	_ *state.StateHolder,
	_ *programs.Programs,
) error

type TransactionFeeDeductor 

type TransactionFeeDeductor struct{}

func NewTransactionFeeDeductor 

func NewTransactionFeeDeductor() *TransactionFeeDeductor

func (*TransactionFeeDeductor) Process 

func (d *TransactionFeeDeductor) Process(
	vm *VirtualMachine,
	ctx *Context,
	proc *TransactionProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	programs *programs.Programs,
) error

type TransactionInvocator 

type TransactionInvocator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewTransactionInvocator 

func NewTransactionInvocator(logger zerolog.Logger) *TransactionInvocator

func (*TransactionInvocator) Process 

func (i *TransactionInvocator) Process(
	vm *VirtualMachine,
	ctx *Context,
	proc *TransactionProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	programs *programs.Programs,
) error

type TransactionProcedure 

type TransactionProcedure struct {
	ID            flow.Identifier
	Transaction   *flow.TransactionBody
	TxIndex       uint32
	Logs          []string
	Events        []flow.Event
	ServiceEvents []flow.Event
	// TODO: report gas consumption: https://github.com/dapperlabs/flow-go/issues/4139
	GasUsed   uint64
	Err       fvmErrors.Error
	Retried   int
	TraceSpan opentracing.Span
}

func Transaction 

func Transaction(tx *flow.TransactionBody, txIndex uint32) *TransactionProcedure

func (*TransactionProcedure) Run 

func (proc *TransactionProcedure) Run(vm *VirtualMachine, ctx Context, st *state.StateHolder, programs *programs.Programs) error

func (*TransactionProcedure) SetTraceSpan added in v0.14.5 

func (proc *TransactionProcedure) SetTraceSpan(traceSpan opentracing.Span)

type TransactionProcessor 

type TransactionProcessor interface {
	Process(*VirtualMachine, *Context, *TransactionProcedure, *state.StateHolder, *programs.Programs) error
}

type TransactionSequenceNumberChecker 

type TransactionSequenceNumberChecker struct{}

func NewTransactionSequenceNumberChecker 

func NewTransactionSequenceNumberChecker() *TransactionSequenceNumberChecker

func (*TransactionSequenceNumberChecker) Process 

func (c *TransactionSequenceNumberChecker) Process(
	_ *VirtualMachine,
	ctx *Context,
	proc *TransactionProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	programs *programs.Programs,
) error

type TransactionSignatureVerifier 

type TransactionSignatureVerifier struct {
	KeyWeightThreshold int
}

func NewTransactionSignatureVerifier 

func NewTransactionSignatureVerifier(keyWeightThreshold int) *TransactionSignatureVerifier

func (*TransactionSignatureVerifier) Process 

func (v *TransactionSignatureVerifier) Process(
	_ *VirtualMachine,
	ctx *Context,
	proc *TransactionProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	programs *programs.Programs,
) error

type TransactionStorageLimiter added in v0.14.0 

type TransactionStorageLimiter struct {
	// A function to create a function to get storage capacity from an address. This is to make this easily testable.
	GetStorageCapacityFuncFactory func(
		vm *VirtualMachine,
		ctx Context,
		tp *TransactionProcedure,
		sth *state.StateHolder,
		programs *programs.Programs,
	) (func(address common.Address) (value uint64, err error), error)
}

func NewTransactionStorageLimiter added in v0.14.0 

func NewTransactionStorageLimiter() *TransactionStorageLimiter

func (*TransactionStorageLimiter) Process added in v0.14.0 

func (d *TransactionStorageLimiter) Process(
	vm *VirtualMachine,
	ctx *Context,
	tp *TransactionProcedure,
	sth *state.StateHolder,
	programs *programs.Programs,
) error

type VirtualMachine 

type VirtualMachine struct {
	Runtime runtime.Runtime
}

A VirtualMachine augments the Cadence runtime with Flow host functionality.

func NewVirtualMachine added in v0.15.1 

func NewVirtualMachine(rt runtime.Runtime) *VirtualMachine

NewVirtualMachine creates a new virtual machine instance with the provided runtime.

func (*VirtualMachine) GetAccount 

func (vm *VirtualMachine) GetAccount(ctx Context, address flow.Address, v state.View, programs *programs.Programs) (*flow.Account, error)

GetAccount returns an account by address or an error if none exists.

func (*VirtualMachine) Run 

func (vm *VirtualMachine) Run(ctx Context, proc Procedure, v state.View, programs *programs.Programs) (err error)

Run runs a procedure against a ledger in the given context.

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