rpcplus

package
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 Go to latest Published: Aug 25, 2015 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 17 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Overview

Package rpcplus provides access to the exported methods of an object across a network or other I/O connection. A server registers an object, making it visible as a service with the name of the type of the object. After registration, exported methods of the object will be accessible remotely. A server may register multiple objects (services) of different types, but it is an error to register multiple objects of the same type.

Only methods that satisfy the following criteria will be made available for remote access (other methods will be ignored):

  • the method is exported.
  • the method has two arguments, both exported (or builtin) types.
  • the method's second argument is either a pointer, or a function pointer.
  • the method has return type error.

In effect, the method must look schematically like one of these two: 

func (t *T) MethodName(argType T1, replyType *T2) error
func (t *T) MethodName(argType T1, sendReply func(interface{}) error) error

where T, T1 and T2 can be marshaled by encoding/gob. These requirements apply even if a different codec is used. (In the future, these requirements may soften for custom codecs.)

The method's first argument represents the arguments provided by the caller; the second argument represents the result parameters to be returned to the caller, or the function to call to send results. The method's return value, if non-nil, is passed back as a string that the client sees as if created by errors.New. If an error is returned, the reply parameter will not be sent back to the client.

The server may handle requests on a single connection by calling ServeConn. More typically it will create a network listener and call Accept or, for an HTTP listener, HandleHTTP and http.Serve.

A client wishing to use the service establishes a connection and then invokes NewClient on the connection. The convenience function Dial (DialHTTP) performs both steps for a raw network connection (an HTTP connection). The resulting Client object has two methods, Call and Go, that specify the service and method to call, a pointer containing the arguments, and a pointer to receive the result parameters. It also has a StreamGo method, that specifies a reply channel to receive the results in the case of streaming RPCs.

The Call method waits for the remote call to complete while the Go method launches the call asynchronously and signals completion using the Call structure's Done channel. The StreamGo method is always asynchronous.

Unless an explicit codec is set up, package encoding/gob is used to transport the data.

Here is a simple example. A server wishes to export an object of type Arith: 

package server

type Args struct {
	A, B int
}

type Quotient struct {
	Quo, Rem int
}

type Arith int

func (t *Arith) Multiply(args *Args, reply *int) error {
	*reply = args.A * args.B
	return nil
}

func (t *Arith) Divide(args *Args, quo *Quotient) error {
	if args.B == 0 {
		return errors.New("divide by zero")
	}
	quo.Quo = args.A / args.B
	quo.Rem = args.A % args.B
	return nil
}

The server calls (for HTTP service): 

arith := new(Arith)
rpc.Register(arith)
rpc.HandleHTTP()
l, e := net.Listen("tcp", ":1234")
if e != nil {
	log.Fatal("listen error:", e)
}
go http.Serve(l, nil)

At this point, clients can see a service "Arith" with methods "Arith.Multiply" and "Arith.Divide". To invoke one, a client first dials the server: 

client, err := rpc.DialHTTP("tcp", serverAddress + ":1234")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal("dialing:", err)
}

Then it can make a remote call: 

// Synchronous call
args := &server.Args{7,8}
var reply int
err = client.Call("Arith.Multiply", args, &reply)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal("arith error:", err)
}
fmt.Printf("Arith: %d*%d=%d", args.A, args.B, reply)

or: 

// Asynchronous call
quotient := new(Quotient)
divCall := client.Go("Arith.Divide", args, &quotient, nil)
replyCall := <-divCall.Done	// will be equal to divCall
// check errors, print, etc.

A server implementation will often provide a simple, type-safe wrapper for the client.

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	// DefaultRPCPath used as handler location for HandleHTTP
	DefaultRPCPath = "/_goRPC_"

	// DefaultDebugPath used as debug handler location for HandleHTTP
	DefaultDebugPath = "/debug/rpc"
)

Variables

View Source 
var DefaultServer = NewServer()

DefaultServer is the default instance of *Server.

View Source 
var ErrShutdown = errors.New("connection is shut down")

ErrShutdown holds the specific error for closing/closed connections

Functions

func Accept 

func Accept(lis net.Listener)

Accept accepts connections on the listener and serves requests to DefaultServer for each incoming connection. Accept blocks; the caller typically invokes it in a go statement.

func HandleHTTP 

func HandleHTTP()

HandleHTTP registers an HTTP handler for RPC messages to DefaultServer on DefaultRPCPath and a debugging handler on DefaultDebugPath. It is still necessary to invoke http.Serve(), typically in a go statement.

func Register 

func Register(rcvr interface{}) error

Register publishes the receiver's methods in the DefaultServer.

func RegisterName 

func RegisterName(name string, rcvr interface{}) error

RegisterName is like Register but uses the provided name for the type instead of the receiver's concrete type.

func ServeCodec 

func ServeCodec(codec ServerCodec)

ServeCodec is like ServeConn but uses the specified codec to decode requests and encode responses.

func ServeCodecWithContext 

func ServeCodecWithContext(ctx context.Context, codec ServerCodec)

ServeCodecWithContext is like ServeCodec but it allows to pass a connection context to the RPC methods.

func ServeConn 

func ServeConn(conn io.ReadWriteCloser)

ServeConn runs the DefaultServer on a single connection. ServeConn blocks, serving the connection until the client hangs up. The caller typically invokes ServeConn in a go statement. ServeConn uses the gob wire format (see package gob) on the connection. To use an alternate codec, use ServeCodec.

func ServeConnWithContext 

func ServeConnWithContext(ctx context.Context, conn io.ReadWriteCloser)

ServeConnWithContext is like ServeConn but it allows to pass a connection context to the RPC methods.

func ServeRequest 

func ServeRequest(codec ServerCodec) error

ServeRequest is like ServeCodec but synchronously serves a single request. It does not close the codec upon completion.

func ServeRequestWithContext 

func ServeRequestWithContext(ctx context.Context, codec ServerCodec) error

ServeRequestWithContext is like ServeRequest but it allows to pass a connection context to the RPC methods.

Types

type Call 

type Call struct {
	ServiceMethod string      // The name of the service and method to call.
	Args          interface{} // The argument to the function (*struct).
	Reply         interface{} // The reply from the function (*struct for single, chan * struct for streaming).
	Error         error       // After completion, the error status.
	Done          chan *Call  // Strobes when call is complete (nil for streaming RPCs)
	Stream        bool        // True for a streaming RPC call, false otherwise
	Subseq        uint64      // The next expected subseq in the packets
}

Call represents an active RPC.

type Client 

type Client struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Client represents an RPC Client. There may be multiple outstanding Calls associated with a single Client, and a Client may be used by multiple goroutines simultaneously.

func Dial 

func Dial(network, address string) (*Client, error)

Dial connects to an RPC server at the specified network address.

func DialHTTP 

func DialHTTP(network, address string) (*Client, error)

DialHTTP connects to an HTTP RPC server at the specified network address listening on the default HTTP RPC path.

func DialHTTPPath 

func DialHTTPPath(network, address, path string) (*Client, error)

DialHTTPPath connects to an HTTP RPC server at the specified network address and path.

func NewClient 

func NewClient(conn io.ReadWriteCloser) *Client

NewClient returns a new Client to handle requests to the set of services at the other end of the connection. It adds a buffer to the write side of the connection so the header and payload are sent as a unit.

func NewClientWithCodec 

func NewClientWithCodec(codec ClientCodec) *Client

NewClientWithCodec is like NewClient but uses the specified codec to encode requests and decode responses.

func (*Client) Call 

func (client *Client) Call(ctx context.Context, serviceMethod string, args interface{}, reply interface{}) error

Call invokes the named function, waits for it to complete, and returns its error status.

func (*Client) Close 

func (client *Client) Close() error

Close closes the client connection

func (*Client) Go 

func (client *Client) Go(ctx context.Context, serviceMethod string, args interface{}, reply interface{}, done chan *Call) *Call

Go invokes the function asynchronously. It returns the Call structure representing the invocation. The done channel will signal when the call is complete by returning the same Call object. If done is nil, Go will allocate a new channel. If non-nil, done must be buffered or Go will deliberately crash.

func (*Client) StreamGo 

func (client *Client) StreamGo(serviceMethod string, args interface{}, replyStream interface{}) *Call

StreamGo invokes the streaming function asynchronously. It returns the Call structure representing the invocation.

type ClientCodec 

type ClientCodec interface {
	WriteRequest(*Request, interface{}) error
	ReadResponseHeader(*Response) error
	ReadResponseBody(interface{}) error

	Close() error
}

A ClientCodec implements writing of RPC requests and reading of RPC responses for the client side of an RPC session. The client calls WriteRequest to write a request to the connection and calls ReadResponseHeader and ReadResponseBody in pairs to read responses. The client calls Close when finished with the connection. ReadResponseBody may be called with a nil argument to force the body of the response to be read and then discarded.

type Request 

type Request struct {
	ServiceMethod string // format: "Service.Method"
	Seq           uint64 // sequence number chosen by client
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Request is a header written before every RPC call. It is used internally but documented here as an aid to debugging, such as when analyzing network traffic.

type Response 

type Response struct {
	ServiceMethod string // echoes that of the Request
	Seq           uint64 // echoes that of the request
	Error         string // error, if any.
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Response is a header written before every RPC return. It is used internally but documented here as an aid to debugging, such as when analyzing network traffic.

type Server 

type Server struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Server represents an RPC Server.

func NewServer 

func NewServer() *Server

NewServer returns a new Server.

func (*Server) Accept 

func (server *Server) Accept(lis net.Listener)

Accept accepts connections on the listener and serves requests for each incoming connection. Accept blocks; the caller typically invokes it in a go statement.

func (*Server) HandleHTTP 

func (server *Server) HandleHTTP(rpcPath, debugPath string)

HandleHTTP registers an HTTP handler for RPC messages on rpcPath, and a debugging handler on debugPath. It is still necessary to invoke http.Serve(), typically in a go statement.

func (*Server) Register 

func (server *Server) Register(rcvr interface{}) error

Register publishes in the server the set of methods of the receiver value that satisfy the following conditions:

  • exported method
  • two arguments, both pointers to exported structs
  • one return value, of type error

It returns an error if the receiver is not an exported type or has no suitable methods. The client accesses each method using a string of the form "Type.Method", where Type is the receiver's concrete type.

func (*Server) RegisterName 

func (server *Server) RegisterName(name string, rcvr interface{}) error

RegisterName is like Register but uses the provided name for the type instead of the receiver's concrete type.

func (*Server) ServeCodec 

func (server *Server) ServeCodec(codec ServerCodec)

ServeCodec is like ServeConn but uses the specified codec to decode requests and encode responses.

func (*Server) ServeCodecWithContext 

func (server *Server) ServeCodecWithContext(ctx context.Context, codec ServerCodec)

ServeCodecWithContext is like ServeCodec but it makes it possible to pass a connection context to the RPC methods.

func (*Server) ServeConn 

func (server *Server) ServeConn(conn io.ReadWriteCloser)

ServeConn runs the server on a single connection. ServeConn blocks, serving the connection until the client hangs up. The caller typically invokes ServeConn in a go statement. ServeConn uses the gob wire format (see package gob) on the connection. To use an alternate codec, use ServeCodec.

func (*Server) ServeConnWithContext 

func (server *Server) ServeConnWithContext(ctx context.Context, conn io.ReadWriteCloser)

ServeConnWithContext is like ServeConn but makes it possible to pass a connection context to the RPC methods.

func (*Server) ServeHTTP 

func (server *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request)

ServeHTTP implements an http.Handler that answers RPC requests.

func (*Server) ServeRequest 

func (server *Server) ServeRequest(codec ServerCodec) error

ServeRequest is like ServeCodec but synchronously serves a single request. It does not close the codec upon completion.

func (*Server) ServeRequestWithContext 

func (server *Server) ServeRequestWithContext(ctx context.Context, codec ServerCodec) error

ServeRequestWithContext is like ServeRequest but makes it possible to pass a connection context to the RPC methods.

type ServerCodec 

type ServerCodec interface {
	ReadRequestHeader(*Request) error
	ReadRequestBody(interface{}) error
	WriteResponse(*Response, interface{}, bool) error

	Close() error
}

A ServerCodec implements reading of RPC requests and writing of RPC responses for the server side of an RPC session. The server calls ReadRequestHeader and ReadRequestBody in pairs to read requests from the connection, and it calls WriteResponse to write a response back. The server calls Close when finished with the connection. ReadRequestBody may be called with a nil argument to force the body of the request to be read and discarded.

type ServerError 

type ServerError string

ServerError represents an error that has been returned from the remote side of the RPC connection.

func (ServerError) Error 

func (e ServerError) Error() string

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package jsonrpc implements a JSON-RPC ClientCodec and ServerCodec for the rpcplus package.
 Package jsonrpc implements a JSON-RPC ClientCodec and ServerCodec for the rpcplus package.
Package pbrpc implements a ClientCodec and ServerCodec for the rpcplus package using Protocol Buffers.
 Package pbrpc implements a ClientCodec and ServerCodec for the rpcplus package using Protocol Buffers.

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