README
¶
Disruptor Overview
This is a port of the LMAX Disruptor into the Go programming language. It retains the essence and spirit of the Disruptor and utilizes a lot of the same abstractions and concepts, but does not maintain the same API.
On a MacBook Pro (Intel Core i9-8950HK CPU @ 2.90GHz) using Go 1.13.1, it can pass many hundreds of millions of messages per second (yes, you read that right) from one goroutine to another goroutine.
Once initialized and running, one of the preeminent design considerations of the Disruptor is to process messages at a constant rate. It does this using two primary techniques. First, it avoids using locks at all costs which cause contention between CPU cores and prevents scaling the number of cores. Secondly, it produces no garbage by allowing the application to preallocate sequential space on a ring buffer. By avoiding garbage, the need for a garbage collection and the stop-the-world application pauses introduced can be almost entirely avoided.
In Go, the current implementation of a channel (chan) maintains a lock around send, receive, and len operations and
it maxes out around 25 million messages per second for uncontended access—more than an orders of magnitude slower
when compared to the Disruptor. The same channel, when contended between OS threads only pushes about 7 million messages
per second.
Example Usage
func main() {
writer, reader := disruptor.New(
disruptor.WithCapacity(BufferSize),
disruptor.WithConsumerGroup(MyConsumer{}))
// producer
go func() {
reservation := writer.Reserve(1)
ringBuffer[sequence&RingBufferMask] = 42 // example of incoming value from a network operation such as HTTP, TCP, UDP, etc.
writer.Commit(reservation, reservation)
_ = reader.Close() // close the Reader once we're done producing messages
}()
reader.Read() // blocks until fully closed
}
type MyConsumer struct{}
func (m MyConsumer) Consume(lowerSequence, upperSequence int64) {
for sequence := lowerSequence; sequence <= upperSequence; sequence++ {
index := sequence&RingBufferMask
message := ringBuffer[index]
fmt.Println(message)
}
}
var ringBuffer = [BufferSize]int
const (
BufferSize = 1024 * 64
BufferMask = BufferSize - 1
)
The above example is more complex than a typical channel implementation. When removing all the comments, wireup, and
extra fluff to explain what's happening, the code is very concise. In fact, a given "Publish" only takes three
lines—Reserve a slot, update the ring buffer at that slot, and Commit the reserved sequence range. On the
consumer side, there's a for-loop to handle all incoming items into your application. Again, this not quite as concise
as a channel (nor as flexible), but it's much, much faster.
Benchmarks
Each of the following benchmark tests sends an incrementing sequence message from one goroutine to another. The receiving goroutine asserts that the message is received is the expected incrementing sequence value. Any failures cause a panic.
- CPU:
Intel Core i9-8950HK CPU @ 2.90GHz - Operation System:
OS X 10.14.6 - Go Runtime:
Go 1.13.1
| Scenario | Per Operation Time |
|---|---|
| Channels: Buffered, Blocking | 53 ns |
| Channels: Buffered, Blocking | 54 ns |
| Channels: Buffered, Blocking, Contended Write | 121 ns |
| Channels: Buffered, Non-blocking | 60 ns |
| Channels: Buffered, Non-blocking | 68 ns |
| Channels: Buffered, Non-blocking Contended Write | 205 ns |
| Disruptor: Sequencer, Reserve One | 9.73 ns |
| Disruptor: Sequencer, Reserve Many | 1.64 ns |
| Disruptor: Sequencer, Reserve One, Multiple Readers | 10.4 ns |
| Disruptor: Sequencer, Reserve Many, Multiple Readers | 1.59 ns |
When In Doubt, Use Channels
Despite Go channels being significantly slower than the Disruptor, channels should still be considered the easiest, best, and most desirable choice for the vast majority of all use cases. The Disruptor's target use case is ultra-low latency environments where application response times are measured in nanoseconds and where stable, consistent latency is paramount and latency spikes cannot be tolerated.
Pre-Alpha
This code is currently experimental and is not recommended for production environments. It does not have any unit tests and is only meant serve as a proof of concept that the Disruptor is possible on the Go runtime despite some of the limits imposed by the Go memory model.
We are very interested to receive feedback on this project and how performance can be improved using subtle techniques
such as additional cache line padding, memory alignment, utilizing a pointer vs a struct in a given location, replacing
less optimal techniques with more optimal ones, especially in the performance-critical operations Reserve/Commit in
the DefaultWriter struct as well as the Read operation of the DefaultReader.
Caveats
In the Java-based Disruptor implementation, a ring buffer is created, preallocated, and prepopulated with instances of the class which serve as the message type to be transferred between threads. Because Go lacks generics, we have opted to not interact with ring buffers at all within the library code. This has the benefit of avoiding an unnecessary boxing/unboxing type conversions during the receipt of a given message. It also means that it is the responsibility of the application developer to create and populate their particular ring buffer during application wireup. Pre-populating the ring buffer at startup should ensure contiguous memory allocation for all items in the various ring buffer slots, whereas on-the-fly creation may introduce gaps in the memory allocation and subsequent CPU cache misses which introduce latency spikes.
The reference to the ring buffer can (but need not be) be scoped as a package-level variable. The reason for this is that any given application should have very few Disruptor instances. The instances are designed to be created at startup and stopped during shutdown. They are not typically meant to be created ad-hoc and passed around like channel instances. It is the responsibility of the application developer to manage references to the ring buffer instances such that the producer can push messages to the buffer and consumers can receive messages from the buffer.
Documentation
¶
Index ¶
Constants ¶
const (
BUFFER_PAD = 32 // java版本有这个pad, 作用不详
)
const (
SpinMask = 1024*16 - 1 // arbitrary; we'll want to experiment with different values
)
Variables ¶
var (
ErrMinimumReservationSize = errors.New("the minimum reservation size is 1 slot")
)
Functions ¶
This section is empty.
Types ¶
type Cursor ¶
type Cursor [8]int64 // prevent false sharing of the sequence cursor by padding the CPU cache line with 64 *bytes* of data.
type DefaultReader ¶
type DefaultReader struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
func NewReader ¶
func NewReader(current, written *Cursor, upstream Barrier, waiter WaitStrategy, consumer Consumer) *DefaultReader
func (*DefaultReader) Close ¶
func (this *DefaultReader) Close() error
func (*DefaultReader) Read ¶
func (this *DefaultReader) Read()
type DefaultWaitStrategy ¶
type DefaultWaitStrategy struct{}
func NewWaitStrategy ¶
func NewWaitStrategy() DefaultWaitStrategy
func (DefaultWaitStrategy) Gate ¶
func (this DefaultWaitStrategy) Gate(count int64)
func (DefaultWaitStrategy) Idle ¶
func (this DefaultWaitStrategy) Idle(count int64)
type DefaultWriter ¶
type DefaultWriter struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
func (*DefaultWriter) Commit ¶
func (this *DefaultWriter) Commit(_, upper int64)
func (*DefaultWriter) Reserve ¶
func (this *DefaultWriter) Reserve(count int64) int64
type Disruptor ¶
func NewDisruptor ¶
type Option ¶
type Option func(*Wireup)
func WithCapacity ¶
func WithConsumerGroup ¶
func WithWaitStrategy ¶
func WithWaitStrategy(value WaitStrategy) Option
Source Files
Directories